基数词与序数词讲义.doc

基数词与序数词1、 知识点讲解一、分类：英语中数词主要分为基数词和序数词两类。二、基数词 ： 表示数目的词称为基数词。 （1）基数词的构成法：112的基数是特殊的，必须牢记。请写下来 1319的基数是在39的基础上加上后缀-teen ti: n（音同“听” ）构成的。其中13，15，18是特殊的。 13thirteen ; 15fifteen ; 18eighteen2090的基数整数是在29的基础上加后缀-ty ti（*音同“踢” ）构成的。其中20，30，40，50，80是特殊的。 20twenty 30thirty 40forty 50fifty 80eighty2199的基数非整数是：整数-个数 （当中要用连字符号“-”隔开 ） 21twenty-one 27twenty-seven 43forty-three 59fifty-nine 66sixty-six 88eighty-eight 93ninety-three 99ninety-nine100900的整百数是：个数（19）+hundred (hundred“百”用单数) 100one(或a) hundred 300 three hundred 800eight hundred101999的非整数是：个数（19）+hundred +and+整数-个数 (没有十位数，就直接用个位数) 101one(或a) hundred and one 309three hundred and nine 210two hundred and ten 413four hundred and thirteen 540five hundred and forty 598five hundred and ninety-eight 970nine hundred and seventy 999nine hundred and ninety-nine1000以上的基数词在上面的基础上，再在前面加上 个数（19）+thousand (thousand“千”用单数)4，000four thousand 9，000nine thousand1，001one thousand and one 2，008two thousand and eight3，015three thousand and fifteen 4，040four thousand and forty5，069five thousand and sixty-nine 6，200six thousand (and) two hundred 7，486seven thousand four hundred and eighty-six基本原则就是先说千，再说百，后说个十。一般在百位数和个十位数间加and,其它不用加。基数词口诀1至12逐个记，13至19teen结尾20至90整十数，ty结尾是后缀要是表示几十几，连字符十位连个位若要表示几百几，hundred之后and立在英语里，数字（阿拉伯数字）通常从个位数起往左，每三个数用一个逗号隔开，而汉语习惯每四个数用逗号隔开（注意区别）从左向右： 第一个逗号用 thousand千第二个逗号用 million千万 第三个逗号用billion亿 第四个逗号用trillion万亿50，000，000 fifty million500，000，000 five hundred million5，000，000，000 five billion50，000，000，000fifty billion练习：25,025,874,953 twenty-five billion twenty-five million eight hundred and seventy-four thousand nine hundred and fifty-three（2）复数形式的基数词They went to the theatre in twos and threes 他们三三两两地来到了剧院。表示人的不确切岁数或年代，用几十的复数形式表示。 He became a professor in his thirties 他三十多岁时成为了教授。 She died of lung cancer in her forties 她四十来岁时死于肺癌。 It was in the 1960s 那是在二十世纪六十年代。三、序数词：序数词是指表示顺序的数词（1）序数词的构成法：第一、第二和第三是特殊的，必须要牢记。请写下来 412序数词，都是在相应的基数词词尾加上后缀-th 。其中5，8，9，12是特殊的，需要特别记忆。如：5fivefifth (-ve变-fth) 8eighteighth (直接加-h)9nineninth (去e加-th) 12twelvetwelfth (-ve变-fth) 1319都是直接加-th，如：19nineteennineteenth 17seventeenseventeenth2090的整数，是把-ty变成-ieth -i 如：60sixtysixtieth 40fortyfortieth2199的两位数(非整数)，是把个位数变成序数词，十位数不变。后面的各种序数词，都是把最小的、最后的一位数（通常是个位数，也有是十位数的）变成序数词便可以了。21twenty-first 99ninety-ninth 100hundredth203two hundred and third 440four hundred and fortieth448four hundred and forty-eighth 9909nine thousand nine hundred and ninth序数词的缩写，主要缩写形式有： first1st second2nd third3rd fourth4th sixth6th twentieth20th twenty-third23rd 其中lst，2nd，3rd为特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。在英语中，使用序数词时前面要加定冠词 the，但是，在下面的情况下则不加 the： 1当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰时，序数词前不用 the。 Mother was my first teacher in my life.妈妈是我生命中的第一个老师。 Tom is Lilys third boyfriend. 汤姆是莉莉的第三个男朋友。 2当表达分数时，序数词前不用 the。 One fifth of the students here are from the country. 这儿1/5的学生来自农村。 Three fourths of the students here are from the country. 这儿的3/4的学生来自农村。 3当表达“又一，再一”时，序数词前不用 the，但可加不定冠词。 Please give me a second chance. 请再给我一次机会。 The poor woman had a third baby. 那个可怜的妇女又生了一个宝宝。 4当表达“年月日”时，尤其在朗读时，序数词前要加 the；但当书写时，序数词前不用 the。 He was born on June 6th, 1974. 他出生在1974年6月6日。 5当序数词在句中作状语时，序数词前不用 the。 Who got there second? 谁第二个到那儿的？ I finished the work first. 我最先完成那项工作。 6. 当表达(考试赛跑等比赛中)获得的名次时，序数词前不用 the。 She stands first in her class. 她在班上成绩排名第一。英语中基数词变序数词方法口诀口诀解说举例子基变序，有规律，后面th加上去。在数词后面加th。four fourth一二三，特殊记，后面字母t,d,d。one, two, three特殊变。 first，second，third八去t，九去e。整数中的y要变成ieeight去掉t，nine去掉e。twenty去掉y变成twentietheight eighth nine ninthf来把ve替。five和twelve的ve要变成f 。five fifth twelve twelfth若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。两位数或两位以上数字只变个位。thirty-threethirty-third序数词前要加the 我们一定要牢记。序数词前必须加the（上述原则中的除外）the first day序数词的变化请见下表： 第一到第十 第十一到第十九 第二十以上 first eleventh twentieth second twelfth thirtieth third thirteenth fortieth fourth fourteenth fiftieth fifth fifteenth sixtieth sixth sixteenth seventieth seventh seventeenth eightieth eighth eighteenth ninetieth ninth nineteenth hundredth tenth thousandth 2、 典型例题2014年关于基数词、序数词的中考题：（2014. 河北）82. Art is my _ class in the timetable today. （five)（2014.天津）26. _ month of the year is May.A. Two B. The second C.Five D.The fifth(2014.四川成都）34Which month of the year do you like?July, the _month because summer vacation begins inthis month.Asecond Bseventh Cninth(2014.湖北黄冈）80. Early in the_ （ 二十） century, two famous scientistsdeveloped their personal ideas about dreams.三、课堂练习一基数词序数词练习1. Your scarf looks very beautiful.Thank you. I want to buy a _one.(two) 2The Browns had a big party to celebrate their daughters _ (二十岁) birthday yesterday.3.现在7;30了，咱们回家吧。 Its _ now. Lets go home.二根据括号内的词，在空白处填入恰当的词。1.I think the _ lesson is the most difficult in this book.(twelve)2. Louis is now in his _,but he is still taking some course at college.3.There are _of people who are losing jobs and _ of them find jobs.(hundred thousand)4.I have tried _(三次), but I will try _ （再一次）5.I live on _(第五大街),but work far from it.三单项选择。1. Are you _ American or English?English. We are working in Wuhu.A. a B. / C. the D. an2. Do you know when Christams Day is? Its on _. A. December 24th B. January 1st C. December 25th D. October 1st3.About _ of the books in our school library are written in Chinese. A. four fifth B. four fifths C. fourth fifths D. fourths fifth4. He is _ in our class. A. the fourth tallest B. fourth tallest C. four tallest D. the four tallest5. How many people will come to Beijing next year? Its hand to say. _people, I think. A. Million of B. Millions of C. Millions D. million6.About _ films were shown during the 5th Shanghai International Film Festival. A. two hundred of B. two hundreds of C. two hundred D. two hundreds7.In ou