直接引语和间接引语1.doc

直接引语和间接引语概述1. 我们把引述别人的话语可归纳为两种方式，一种时直接引述别人的话语，并置于引号之内的称为直接引语，另一种是用自己的语言转述别人的话语，称为间接引语，间接一般构成宾语从句。The teacher asked, “Do you like English?” 老师问：“你喜欢英语吗？”（直接引语）The girl said that she liked English very much. 这个女孩说她非常喜欢英语。（间接引语）2. 一般在直接引语或间接引语当中都有一个引述动词，如 tell, ask, say 等。这些引述动词和它们的主语所放位置比较灵活，可以放在直接引语之前、之后或其中。主语如果是名词时，可以倒装。“主语+引述动词”放在间接引语当中就相当于宾语从句的主语部分。He told me, “I am going to Changchun tomorrow.” 他告诉我：“明天我打算去长春。”“Where are you from?” asked Linda. “你来自哪里？”琳达问。直接引语变间接引语的变化形式1. 人称代词和指示代词的变化指示代词this 和these通常变为that和those 。人称代词也要根据情况做适当调整。从句中的第一人称多变为第三人称，第二人称根据情况改为第一人称或第三人称，第三人称不变。例如：He said, “I came to help you.” 他说：“我是来帮助你的。”He said that he had come to help me. 他说他是来帮助我的。2. 时态的变化（1） 引述动词如果用一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语的时态不变。（2） 引述动词如果用一般过去时，间接引语的时态要变成相应的过去时态的一种。具体变化如下：一般现在时一般过去时 一般过去时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时 现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时（1） 含有情态动词的直接引语变成间接引语是，情态动词也要相应地变成过去时态。（2） 若直接引语为客观真理或自然规律，变为间接引语时，时态不变。（3） 有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。3. 时间状语的变化now then last month the month beforetoday that day three days ago three days beforetonight that night tomorrow the next day this week that week next month the next monthyesterday the day before the day after tomorrow in two days4. 地点状语的变化here there5. 谓语动词的变化come go直接引语变为间接引语的情况1.直接引语为陈述句（1）将直接引语变为由that 引导的宾语从句，接在谓语动词之后（that 可以省略）。例如：He said, “I forgot to call you yesterday.”他说：“我昨天忘记给你打电话了。”He said that he had forgotten to call me the day before.他说她前一天忘记给我打电话了。（2）如果引述动词是 say to sb.,则通常改为 tell sb. sth. 结构。例如：He said to me, “Your bike is broken.” 她对我说：“你的自行车坏了。”He told me that my bike was broken. 他对我说我的自行车坏了。2. 直接引语为一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句，将直接引语变为由 if /whether 引导的宾语从句，句中时态、人称、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。其语序为陈述语序，若直接引语的引述动词为 say ，应改为 ask. 例如：Mary asked me, “Is Helen from the United States?” 玛丽问我，“凯伦时美国人吗？”Mary asked me whether/if Helen was from the United States. 玛丽问我海伦是否时美国人。3. 直接引语为特殊疑问句直接引语为特殊疑问句，将直接引语变为由特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句，语序是陈述语序。例如：John asked me, “Where does Zhou Xun come from?”约翰问我，“周迅是哪儿的人？”John asked me where Zhou Xun came from. 约翰问我周迅时哪儿的人。4. 感叹句-变成由that引导的宾语从句He said “What a lovely garden it is!”He exclaimed that it was a lovely garden.5. .命令句-变为不定式短语He said“Open the door.”He asked me to open the door.6.直接引语变间接引语口诀一、当直接引语为陈述句，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规则。She said，“My brother doesnt want to go there.”She said that her brother didnt want to go there.二、当直接引语为一般疑问句，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：去掉引号加if，陈述语序要记住，时态人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。I asked her，“Do you study English here?”I asked her if she studied English there.三、当直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：直接去引号，陈述莫忘掉，小心助动词，丢它最重要。“What do you want?”he asked me. He asked me what I wanted.四、当直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：去掉引号要加to, ask，tell须记住，直引若是否定式，not加在to前部。The teacher said to her mother，“Please give me the book.” The teacher told her mother to give her the book.五、对于人称变化，要求学生们记住的“顺口溜”是：第一人称看主语，第二人称看宾语，宾语若是不存在，活用代词I，my，me。He said to her，“Are you interested in English?”He asked her if she was interested in English.The teacher said，“Where have you been?”The teacher asked me(us) where I(we) had been.直接引语变间接引语练习题一将下类句子改为间接引语的句子。1He said: “Ive left my book in my room.”_2She said: “He will be busy.”_3She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”_4She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”_5The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?_6The teacher said to the students, “Dont waste your time.”_7The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”_8The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”_9My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”_10The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”_11He said, “We are still students._12He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”_13The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.”_14He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.” _15She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus._16Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”_17He said, “We insisted that she start immediately._18She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once.”_19I said to him, “I have finished it.”_20She said to us,“ Ill come here tomorrow.”_21“Where does your chemistry live, Karen?” the young man asked._22“I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,” the little boy said happily. _23“Light travels faster than sound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls. _24“What did you do here yesterday?” the old man asked my brother _二.单项选择1. He asked _ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _. A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _- very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was6. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked.She asked _. A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well.7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?” He asked me _. A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League member C. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _. A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting along C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along9. He asked me _ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. whats the matter D. what was the matter10. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again. A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont do C. told me; dont do D. told me; not to do11.He said, I am living with my brother. He said that _ was living with his brother. A. IB. you C. he D. they 12.He said, You are sure to get a warm welcome there. He said that we _ sure to get a warm welcome there.A. am B. was C. were D. are13.She says, Something is wrong with my bike. She says that something is wrong with _ bike.A. myB.a C. his D. her14.He has said, I will not do so again. He has said that he _ not do so again. A. will B. must C. wouldD. do15.The teacher said, My son had the same experience as the little boy. The teacher said that his son had _ the same experience as the little boy. A. been B. have C. hadD. done16.She said to me, My mother took me to an exhibition yesterday. She told me that her mother had taken _ to an exhibition the day before. A. she B. me C. herD. you17.You said to me, I saw the film two days ago. You told me that you had seen the film _ A. two daysB. two days before C. two days agoD. yesterday18.He said to his younger sister, You may come with me. He told his younger sister that _ with him. A. you may come B. you might come C. she might come D. she might go19.The student said to me, She has made a close study of the problem. The student told me that she _ a close study of the problem. A. has makeB. have made C. had makeD. had made20.He said, I live here. He said that he lived_. A. thereB. here C. in there D. at there四将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat.2. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He _ me that he _ met the day _.6. “You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He _ _ I had seen her the week _.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days. 12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. He _ the children _ _ making so much noise.14. “Dont tell him the news.” she said.She told me _ _ _ him the news. 15. “Are you intested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interestd in _.附答案：1 He told me that he had left his book in his room.2 She said that he would be busy.3 She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.4 She asked me whether that book was mine or his.5 The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.6 The teacher told the students not to waste their time.7 The mother asked Tom to get up early.8 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.9 My father said practice makes perfect.10 The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.11 He said they are still students.12 He told me that he was born in 1978.13 The engineer said he was at college in 1967.14 He said he had studied English since he was a boy.15 She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus.16 Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job.17 He said they (had) insiste