虚拟语气 教案.doc

虚拟语气（一）适用学科英语适用年级高三适用区域人教版教材课时时长（分钟）1课时/60分钟知识点if引导的非真实条件句教学目标知识：if引导的非真实条件句方法：精讲精练，结合高考能力：灵活运用if非真实条件句，并用于写作教学重点if引导的非真实条件句教学难点含蓄条件句的应用教学过程一、 课堂导入概念引入动词的语气表示说话人的态度和看法，可分为陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。1. 陈述语气用来陈述事实或可能发生的事，有肯定、否定、疑问和感叹等形式。 Aileen showed great concern about you. 艾琳很为你担心。（肯定） My legs were so weak that I could hardly stand. 我的腿软得简直不能站立。（否定） Would you care to come and stay with me over the weekend? （疑问） 你愿意来和我过周末吗？ 2. 祈使语气用来提出请求、发出命令、警告、威胁、叮嘱、祝福、建议等。 Enjoy yourselves with your trip. 一路愉快。（叮嘱） Dont let this type of things happen again. 别让这种事再次发生。（警告）3. 虚拟语气是说话人为表达一种假设, 或一种主观愿望, 即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非真实或仅是主观设想时所用的动词形式。本节课将重点学习if从句的虚拟语气的用法。二、复习预习复习课文中含有虚拟语气的句子：1. If you were an artist, what kind of pictures would you paint?2. If you could have three of these paintings on the walls of your classroom, which would you choose?3. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.4. Without the new paints and new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.5. Have you ever wished you could paint as well as a professional artist?三、知识讲解知识点1：if引导的虚拟条件句的构成假设类型虚拟条件句谓语动词主句谓语动词与现在事实相反的假设动词的过去式（be动词用were）would/should/could/might + do与过去事实相反的假设had donewould/should/could/might + have done与将来事实相反的假设1.过去式2.were to + do3.should + do would/should/could/might + doIf I were a bird, I would fly into the sky. 如果我是只鸟，我要飞向天空。（“我”不是鸟，也不能飞向天空，所以假设与现在事实相反，从句的be用were，主句用would+动词原形）If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 如果明天下雨，会议就会延期。（说话人认为明天不会下雨，要表示“与将来事实可能相反”，从句用were to+动词原形，从句用would+动词原形，因为动词短语put off与主语“会议”有被动关系，用be put off）If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.（根据句意，说明你过去没有听我的建议，所以考试不及格）知识点2：if only “要是.就好了”if only后面常加虚拟语气,虚拟结构和if从句一致。如：If only I knew his phone number. 我要是知道他的电话号码就好了。（与现在事实相反）If only you had come to the get-together. 如果你参加了聚会就好了。（与过去事实相反）If only she would listen to me carefully. 但愿她会仔细听我讲话。（与将来事实可能相反）知识点3：错综时间条件句即条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应调整。If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. 知识点4：if省略句在条件句中可把if省略，把were, had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式。If I were at school again, I would study harder.Were I at school again, I would study harder.If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.知识点5：含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如：介词、介词短语with, without, but for; 副词otherwise; 连词or, but, however; 定语从句等。What would you do with a million dollars?Without your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help, = If it had not been for your help, = Had it not been for your help, I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.She would have come here, but she was too busy.知识点6：注意事项在虚拟语气中，be的各人称形式都用wereIf I were you, I should seize the chance to go abroad.四、例题精析【例题1】- John went to the hospital alone.- If he _ me about it, I would have gone with him.A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told【答案】D【解析】通过went to the hospital和would have gone，确定与过去事实相反【例题2】This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A. would B. should C. could D. might【答案】B【解析】根据句意，与将来事实相反，打印机出故障是将来的事情，所以选B。【例题3】If we _ a table earlier, we couldnt be standing here in a queue.A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked【答案】D【解析】 此题是错综条件句，根据earlier，我们得知book这个动作与过去事实相反，所以选D。【例题4】But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won【答案】B【解析】此题是含蓄条件句，英语老师的帮助是过去的事情，排除A和C，根据句意，选否定形式，最终选B。【例题5】Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _.A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved【答案】A【解析】此题是if省略句，根据Had I known，得知与过去事实相反，所以选A。五、课堂运用【基础】1. If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie 【答案】C【解析】此题是错综条件句，根据instructed，我们得知与过去事实相反，所以选C。2If he _ my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow【答案】C【解析】根据句意和wouldnt have lost，我们得知与过去事实相反，所以选C。3But for their help, we _ the program in time.A. can not finish B. will not finish C. had not finished D. could not have finished【答案】D【解析】此题是含蓄条件句，根据句意，与过去事实相反，所以选D。4. If he _ me tomorrow, I would let you know. 来源:Zxxk.ComA. should call B. should have called C. has called D. call【答案】A【解析】根据tomorrow ，我们得知与将来事实相反，所以选A。【巩固】5. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal.A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored【答案】D【解析】此题是含蓄条件句，根据hesitated，我们得知与过去事实相反，所以选D。6. If he had spent more time practising speaking English before,he _able to speak it much better now. A. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been【答案】B【解析】此题是错综条件句，根据从句中的now，我们得知与现在事实相反，所以选B。7. If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.But it _all day.A.rainedB.rainsC.has rainedD.is raining【答案】A【解析】此题是借助虚拟语气考查时态，从题中，我们可以看出与过去事实相反，所以rain这一真实动作要用过去时，故选A。8. They _ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise theyd have never been able to afford to go.