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上传时间：2018-01-07
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设计外文翻译ANALYSISOFPASSENGERCAREXTERIORPROFILEANDBODYSECTION乘用车外廓设计及车身断面分析学生姓名学号学院机械与动力工程学院专业车辆工程指导教师201年月CONCEPTCARDESIGNDRIVINGTHEDREAMJONATHANBELLDESIGNTHECARFIRSTTODESIGNAFORMALANDVERYSTRICTCOORDINATIONOFTHESTRUCTUREAVARIETYOFPARTSLIKEACLASSICALCOLUMNOFELEMENTSASFIXEDANDCLEARTHEREISAMIXOFINTERNATIONALVOCABULARY,ISAMIXTUREOFENGLISHANDITALIANWORDS,DESIGNERSARECREATINGADESIGNLANGUAGETOEXPRESSTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEPASTWORLDFOREXAMPLE,THECARBODYWAISTLINE,THISRANGEISONTHEBODYCARWAISTLINEABOVETHEPARTWINDOWAREA,ORTEMPORARYBUILDINGITALIANFROMTHEBODYSTRUCTUREOFTHEBODYTODISTINGUISH“FOCUS“ISTWOTHINGSFROMTHECONCEPTOFTHECARSKETCHOUT,THEN,INTHEDESIGNPHASEWILLENCOUNTERSOMEOFTHEBODYAREAINTHEDESIGNCANNOTBECHANGED,ESPECIALLYSOMELOCATIONFACTORS,SUCHASTHEWINDOWPOSITIONPILLARCLASSICALLITERATUREANDARTHAVESOMEPRINCIPLES,ANDUNDERTHESEPRINCIPLESARCHITECTSHAVEDESIGNEDALARGEVARIETYOFCLASSICALARCHITECTURALSTYLE,SOTHENECESSARYPARTSOFTHECARALSOCONTINUETORELAYOUTANDREUNDERSTANDINGTECHNOLOGYCONTINUESTOEVOLVEANDCONTINUALLYMAKENEWDEFINITIONSOFMATERIALFORMSOFCOURSE,THECARDESIGNERTOCOMPLYWITHTHEREQUIREMENTSOFTHEENGINEERSTOACCOMMODATE,BECAUSETHECARSMECHANICALSUPPORTISTHEREALSKELETONOFTHEBODYSTRUCTUREASPARTOFTHEDEVELOPMENTDESIGNTEAM,THOSERESPONSIBLEFORDESIGNINGTHESURFACESTRUCTUREOFTHECARAREOFTENREFERREDTOASSTYLISTSARETROPHENOMENONOFTHETRADITIONALSEPARATIONMETHODBETWEENTHECARCOVERANDTHECARALTHOUGHTHECURRENTCARDESIGNISENTIRELYDEPENDENTONTHECOMPUTER,BUTTHECONCEPTCARMODELINGTHEACTUALMETHODHASBEENMAINTAINEDFOR50YEARSUNCHANGEDMANYCAREXHIBITIONINTHECONCEPTOFTHECONCEPTCARISSIMPLE,FUNCTIONAL,FIBERGLASSSHELL,THEREISNOOPENDOOR,WINDOWORINTERIORINRARECASES,THECONCEPTCARISUNVEILEDTOTHEPUBLICINTHEFORMOFASLUDGEMODELTHATHASBEENPAINTED,TRIMMEDANDPOLISHEDALTHOUGHTHISISQUITEIMPRACTICALFORTRANSPORTANDEXHIBITIONINORDERTOACHIEVETHEMODELSTAGE,THECOMPUTERPLAYSANIMPORTANTANDCOMPELLINGROLE,BUTTHEACTUALSIMILARTECHNIQUESSUCHASTHESLUDGEMODELCOMBINEFLUENTDIGITALPROGRAMSWITHSILICONSUPPLEMENTEDMUD,ANDVICEVERSATHEDESIGNOFTHECONCEPTCARISNOTASIMPLECARDESIGNBUTITSDESIGNSTYLEISELEGANT,NOENGINEERSTHINKTHATHANDPAINTINGONBEHALFOFTHEPEAKOFCARARTIFTHEREISNOARTISTICEXPRESSIONOFTHERESTRICTIONS,THECONCEPTCARWILLCREATESOMEINOTHERCASESCOMPLETELYIMPOSSIBLETOSHOWTHEDESIGNDESIGNEDSPECIFICALLYFORAUTOMOTIVEEXHIBITIONS,CARSAREDIFFERENTFROMINTERNALCARDESIGNANDDEVELOPMENTANDNEEDTOCOMPLYWITHCOMPLETELYDIFFERENTRULESASWELLASSTRICTDEADLINESANDSTRONGSTRESSANDREGARDLESSOFITSULTIMATEGOAL,THECONCEPTCARDESIGNITSELFHASAQUICKFEATURE,ITWILLPRODUCEAMETHODOFOPERATION,ITWILLHELPIMPROVEANDIMPROVETHECARDESIGNANDPRODUCTIONPROCESSOFTHEPERFECTFUSIONSKETCHANYDESIGNCOREISASKETCHDESIGNUNDENIABLY,THEREISNOTONETHINGINTHEFIELDOFCARDESIGNTHATISSOBLANKWHENCARMARKS,TRADEMARKSANDMODELSBRINGCULTURALANDECONOMICRESONANCE,ITDOESNOTINVOLVETHEHUGECOSTOFDEVELOPINGTOOLSANDMECHANICALSYSTEMS,ANDITISIMPOSSIBLETOSTARTFROMSCRATCHBUTTHEDESIGNERSBODYANDMINDFULLYINTOTHEPAINTINGROLEWHENTHEDESIGNERBEGANTODESIGNTHOSEFAMOUSCARSWHENDRAWINGAFEWLINESWILLUSESOMEDRAWINGS,THEDESIGNEROFADRAWINGISNOTENOUGHTODRAWACOMPLETECARMODELOUTFOREXAMPLE,ALECISSIGENISHASBEENMODIFIEDSEVERALTIMES,ANDFINALLYDESIGNEDMINICONVERSELY,SKETCHESAREAWAYTOEXPLORETHESHAPEANDCHARACTERISTICSOFCARS,CANDRAWACAR,MOREIMPORTANTLY,CANCREATEASPECIALTHEBRANDCARFULLCOMPLIANCEWITHTHEDESIGNOFTHECARBRANDISTHEFOCUSOFTHEDESIGNSKETCHTOFULLYDEMONSTRATETHECHARACTERISTICSOFPROPRIETARYBRANDSFOREXAMPLE,BMWSRADIATORBEFORETHEMARKISUNDETERMINED,OTHERDESIGNSKETCHESAREEXTREMELYIMPORTANTBECAUSEITAFFECTSTHESTYLISTSDESIGNDESIGNERSINTUITIVELYUSETHEIROWNHANDSINTHEPEN,PENCILS,PENSANDPAPERFREEANDSMOOTHEXPRESSIONOFITSDESIGNINSPIRATION,EVENIFTHEPRECISIONCOMPUTERCANNOTMATCHTHENEXTSTEPWILLBETOCOMPLETETHESKETCHINTOAPRECISEANDDETAILEDTHREEDIMENSIONALPICTUREMODELAUTOMOTIVEDESIGNISANINDUSTRIALDESIGN,ANDITSCONCEPTUALOPERATIONISCARRIEDOUTAFTERTHENECESSARYINDUSTRIALPROCESSESAFTERTHEMODELDESIGNISCOMPLETED,THEFINALDESIGNSKETCHSHOULDBETRANSFORMEDINTOATHREEDIMENSIONALVIEWTHEDETAILSOFTHEDESIGNTOBECONSIDEREDINTHEDESIGNPROCESSOFEACHSTAGEHASPLAYEDAROLE,EVENFROMTHECONCEPT,THECREATIONOFTHREEDIMENSIONALMODELISALSOVERYIMPORTANTTHEPROCESSOFCONVERTINGDRAWINGSFROMATWODIMENSIONALVIEWTOA3DVIEWISTHECOREOFTHEDESIGNPROCESSTHEMOSTSTRAIGHTFORWARDWAYTOMAKEACARISTOMAKEACARBODYMODELFIRSTTHECARINDUSTRYISAWAREOFTHISSTORY,HARRYEARLHASBEENFROMTHECALIFORNIARIVERBANKDUGCLAYINTOAROUGHANDACCURATECARSOLIDMODELSLIMEPLASTICITYISGOOD,EASYTOSHAPEGENERALLYACCORDINGTOTHETHREEDIMENSIONALVIEW,TO15,25,11SIZETOMAKESLUDGEMODELTYPICALLY,THEMODELHASAWOODENSKELETONINSIDETHESUPPORT,OUTSIDETHEPASTEFOAMFILLERMATERIAL,ONTHISBASIS,COATEDWITHATHINLAYEROFSLUDGE,THUSFORMINGAROUGHCARMODELTHESLUDGEMODELISMOUNTEDONANEXISTINGCHASSISANDISEQUIPPEDWITHAWHEELCOVERMADEOFHARDSOLIDMATERIALSUCHASWOODORMETALINGENERAL,THELEFTANDRIGHTSIDESOFACARSLUDGEMODELCANBEMADEINTOANASYMMETRICALSTRUCTURETHISISACHEAPANDEASYTOEXPLORETWOFEASIBLEDESIGNOFTHEMETHODTHEN,THESLUDGEISSEALEDTOPREPAREFORTHEPRODUCTIONMODELNOWTHECLAYUSEDINTHEMOLDISNOLONGERUSINGNATURALSOIL,BUTSOMECOMPANIESSUCHASNEWJERSEYPRODUCEDASPECIALCARMODELCLAY,THISCLAYHASASOFTTEXTUREAFTERHEATING,ANDATROOMTEMPERATUREWILLHARDENALAYEROFLESSTHANONEFOOTOFSLUDGEONTHESURFACEREPEATEDLYCOATEDWITHMETALCOATINGSSUCHASPRIMER,STANDARDAUTOMOTIVEPAINT,DINOCAFLEXIBLEFABRICPAINTEDTHECARMODELANDTHENADDSOMEPARTSSUCHASTHEDOORHANDLE,LIGHTING,CHROMEJEWELRYANDSOONITISDIFFICULTTODISTINGUISHBETWEENTHEMUDDYMODELANDTHEREALENTITYASARESULT,THENEWCARDESIGNISLIKEASCULPTUREART,BYTHEEXPERIENCEDMODELDESIGNERSTOFULLYDEMONSTRATETHEIRUNPARALLELEDARTISTICTALENTANDSUPERBTECHNOLOGYCOMPUTERTECHNOLOGYHASBEENUSEDINTRADITIONALARTDESIGN,THESTANDARDMODELISTHROUGHTHECOMPUTERCONTROLLEDCNCLATHEQUICKLYANDACCURATELYPROCESSEDTHESEVERYPRECISE,MECHANICALLYCONTROLLEDDEVICESCANACCURATELYEXPORTTHEMATERIALSHAPEOFTHESLUDGEMODEL,WHETHERTHEMATERIALISINDUSTRIALDESIGNSLUDGE,FOAMFILLERORSYNTHETICWOODANDOTHERRELATEDINFORMATIONFROMTHECADSOFTWAREOUTPUTTHESEMACHINESAREMANUFACTUREDBYTHEITALIANCOMPANYMECOF,ASATHREEDIMENSIONALPRINTERISVERYEFFECTIVE,ANDTHEOUTPUTOFTHEDATACANBEUSEDASASTANDARDOFCOURSETHEHUGESITESPECIFICMACHINESANDEQUIPMENTCANRECEIVEDATAFROMALLOVERTHECOUNTRYTHISPROCESSCANALSOBEDONEINREVERSEENGINEERINGTHESLUDGEMODELISDRAWNINTHREEVIEWSANDTHENTRANSFORMEDINTOACOMPUTERMODELOILSLUDGESCULPTUREDESIGNISTHEFIRSTINTHETRADITIONALINDUSTRYTOTHREEDIMENSIONALMODELTODISPLAYANDTHROUGHTHESKETCHESANDMODELSOFTHEMODIFIEDDESIGNWITHTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFCOMPUTERS,MANYMANUFACTURERSHAVEUSEDCOMPUTERSTOREPLACETHEDESIGNOFTHESLUDGEMODELBUTTHEOLDMODELDESIGNTECHNIQUESALSOINCLUDEERGONOMICS,WHICHISHARDFORCOMPUTERSIMULATIONSSOMANYMANUFACTURERSSTILLHAVETOGOTOTHEDESIGNARTINSTITUTETOLEARNTOENSURETHATCRAFTSCANBEHANDEDDOWNTHESELECTEDCLAYISALSOIMPORTANTFORMAKINGAMOREDURABLEANDDURABLEGLASSFIBERMOLDBECAUSEITCANBECOMPLETEDINALIMITEDTIMETODEMONSTRATEANDTESTFORTHECENTRALGROUPITCANALSOBEUSEDFORWINDTUNNELTESTINGINTODAY,SKETCHESHAVEEVOLVEDINTOCOMPUTERDESIGNSNOWJUSTMAKETHESLUDGEMODELFOREXAMPLE,FORDSPUMAPUMADEVELOPMENTONLYTAKESFOURMONTHSONCETHEDESIGNISIDENTIFIED,THE11SLUDGEMODELWILLBEMADEANDPARTICULARLYDURABLEACOMPLETEMODELHAS4TONSOFWEIGHTTHESURFACEOFTHEMODELISCOVEREDWITHOILANDMUD,ANDTHESTAFFNEEDTOUSETHEFORKLIFTTOMOVETHEMODELOUTOFTHEENGRAVINGROOMSOTHEUSEOFGLASSFIBERASAMODELMATERIAL,THEIDEAISACCEPTED,THENTHEHANDLINGOFTHISMODELTOBEVERYEFFECTIVEANDSAFETECHNOLOGYINTHEPAST30YEARS,THEDEVELOPMENTOFTECHNOLOGYHASUNDERGONEAREFORM,MOREANDMOREADVANCEDTECHNOLOGY,THEDRAWINGSINTOADIGITALMODELISALSOINCREASINGLYEASYCADSOFTWAREPROVIDESACOMPREHENSIVECOMPUTERSOFTWARESUPPORTSYSTEMPROCESSMODELINGMODELPARTSSTRESSANALYSIS,POWERTESTANDSOONHOWEVER,THEINDUSTRYLEVELHASALSOINCREASED,FOREXAMPLE,STUDIOSOFTWARECATIASOFTWAREANDIDEASSOFTWARETHESEDIFFERENTRANGESOFCOMPUTERENGINEERINGSOFTWARECANSHAREDATAWITHEACHOTHERALRASINTHEDRAWINGSMODIFIED,ANDTHENENTERTHETHREEDIMENSIONALDATAINTOTHECNCMILLINGMACHINETHISMAKESITPOSSIBLETOQUICKLYCREATEASTANDARDMODELANDTHENINTHECOMPUTER,SUCHASFLUIDMECHANICSANDOTHERTESTSSUCHASVIRTUALCARDRIVINGINAFICTIONALTESTTRACKWITHMSCSOFTWAREADMANSPROGRAMCOLLISIONVIRTUALWALLACCESSTOTHEFRENCHESIGROUPPAMCRASHPERMISSIONORTHEVIRTUALCARINTOAVIRTUALVENTILATIONTUNNEL,WITHCOMPUTERFLUIDMECHANICSSOFTWARETODOTHETEST,ANDEVENBUILTAVIRTUALFACTORYNOWTHECOMPUTERTOTHECARSDEVELOPMENTCYCLEFROM5YEARSINTOTHREEYEARS,SOTHATTHEDEVELOPMENTOFAUTOMOBILEMANUFACTURINGHASBECOMEMORERAPIDCADCADDESIGNSOFTWARESYSTEMPROCESSESAREADOPTEDINTHESTUDIOGLOBALLY,ANDONEPRODUCERDETERMINESTHATTHECONCEPTOFROTATIONWILLBEDISCUSSEDINTHESAMEWAYASCARVINGISSUES,DUETOTHEUSEOFTHEGMCOMPUTERDATABASETHEREAREMANY340MEGABYTESOFDESIGNDATAINTHEDATABASECANSHAREINFORMATIONINALLDESIGNSOFTWARE,SOGREATLYACCELERATEDTHEDESIGNTIMESINCE2000,TWOYEARSBETWEENTHEWORLDSSTRONGGLOBALMANUFACTURERSCANDESIGNANEWMODELOREVENDESIGNACONCEPT,SUCHASBUICKBENGALANDTHEFAMOUSGOLFPLAYERTIGERWOODSSITUATIONISTHESAMETHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFTHENEWMODELSDESIGNHASCOMPLETELYREPLACEDTHETRADITIONALAPPROACHOFTHEAUTOMOTIVEINDUSTRYBYRELYINGONANNUALSEMINARSTOIDENTIFYNEWMODELSTHEMOSTPRESTIGIOUSAUTOEXHIBITIONSBEGANTORISEINTHEMANUFACTURERSCOMPANYTHEREFORE,PEOPLEAREALWAYSCONCERNEDABOUTTHEEMERGENCEOFNEWMODELSCOMPUTERAIDEDDESIGNANDTHEAUTOMOTIVEINDUSTRYATTHESAMETIMEDEVELOPEDIN1963,THEFIRSTSETOFCOMPUTERAIDEDPRODUCTDESIGNSYSTEMSCAMEOUTATGMDACSAIDTHECOMPUTERWASDESIGNEDTOIMPROVETHEDESIGN,FROMTHELATE1950SBYIBMDONHARTANDGMSEDJACKSRESEARCHTEAMDEVELOPEDTHEDAC,WHICHCOINCIDESWITHIVANSUTHERLANSPUBLISHEDSKETCHPADPROJECTINTERACTIVECOMPUTERGRAPHICSSYSTEMISTHESAMETIME1960SUTHERLANDBEGANTOSTUDYSKETCHPADANDASPARTOFHISDOCTORALRESEARCHCOMPUTERGRAPHICSANDENGINEERINGDESIGNTOPICSSUTHERLANDHASNOTONLYDEVELOPEDASYSTEMTHATALLOWSANOPERATORTODRAWONTHESCREENWITHANELECTRONICLIGHTPENANDALLOWSINDIVIDUALOBJECTSTOBESTOREDANDOPERATEDINTHISSOFTWAREASIMPLETHREEDIMENSIONALMODELDESIGNCANBESPECIFIED,ANDTHREEDIMENSIONALMODELCANROTATEATDIFFERENTANGLES,MOREFROMDIFFERENTANGLESVIEWINTHE1950S,GMUSEDANALOGANDDIGITALCOMPUTERSTOSOLVEENGINEERINGPROBLEMS,ANDTHEUSEOFTHESEEARLYCADSYSTEMSINTHEENGINEERINGANDAEROSPACEINDUSTRIESCONTINUEDTOINCREASEWHILECARMAKERSBENEFITFROMTHECOLDWARBUDGETWITHTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFCOMPUTERTECHNOLOGY,COMPUTERAIDEDDESIGNANDCO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