第三部分 概括大意与完成句子.doc

第三部分 概括大意与完成句子阅读下面的短文，每篇短文后的练习分两部分，第一部分要求从所给的选项里选出所标段落的段落标题；第二部分要求根据文章的内容用所给的选项来完成句子。（总分8分，确保得到5-6分，掌握答题方法和技巧） Architecture1. Architecture is to building as literature is to the printed word1. The best buildings are often so well constructed that they outlast their original use2. They then survive not only as beautiful objects, but as documents of the history of cultures. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art. 2. The renaissance brought about an entirely new age3, not only in philosophy and literature but in the visual arts as well. In architecture, the principles and styles of ancient Greece and Rome were brought back to life and reinterpreted4. They remain dominant until the 20th century.3. Many kinds of stone are used as building materials. Stone and marble were chosen for important monuments because they are not burnable and can be expected to endure. Stone architecture was often blended with stone sculpture. The use of stone has declined, however, because a number of other materials are more adaptable to industrial use. 4. The complexity of modern life calls for a variety of buildings5. More people live in mass housing6 and go to work in large office buildings; they spend their income in large shopping centers, send their children too many different kinds of schools, and when they are sick they go to specialized hospitals and clinics. All these different types of buildings accumulated experiences needed by their designers. 5. By the middle of the 20th century, modern architecture, which was influenced by new technology and mass production, was dealing with increasingly complex social needs. Important characteristics of modern architectural works are7 expanses of glass and the use of reinforced concrete. Advances in elevator technology, air conditioning, and electric lighting have all had important effects. 词汇：visual vizjul adj. 视觉上的 adaptable dptbl adj.适合的，能适应的Greece ri:s n. 希腊 complexity kmpleksiti n. 复杂Dominant dminnt adj. 占统治地位的 variety vraiti n. 各种各样marble m:bl n. 大理石 accumulate kju:mjuleit v. 积累blend blend v. 混合，糅合 elevator eliveit n. 电梯sculpture sklpt n. 雕塑注释：1. Architecture is to building as literature is to the printed word.：建筑就如同文学对于印刷的文字一般。 is to as is to 表示前者跟后者有类似的关系，又如：Watching football is to John as playing football is to Clinsman. 看足球对汤姆来说直观重要，就像克林斯曼一定要踢足球一样。2 is to 4 as 8 is to 16. 2比4跟8比16一样。2. The best buildings are often so well constructed that they outlast their original use. :最佳的建筑常常建筑得很好，在超出了设计使用期后依然巍峨屹立。又如：Nobody expected that the sick man outlasted his doctor. 没人会聊到这个病人会比他的大夫活得还长。3. The renaissance brought about an entirely new age ,:文艺复兴带来了一个全新的时代，bring about :带来；造成。They thought the Labour Party would bring about great social changes. 他们以为工党会带来巨大的社会变革。4. the principles and styles of ancient Greece and Rome were brought back to life and reinterpreted. :古希腊和古罗马的原则和风格又恢复了活力，并被赋予了新的解释。Bring back to life:恢复生机。又如：They are determined to bring community art back to life. 他们决心振兴社区艺术。5 The complexity of modern life calls for a variety of buildings.:现代生活的复杂性需要有多样的建筑。Call for:要求；需求。Lets see to the problems that call for immediate solution. 我们先处理迫切需要解决的问题。6. More people live in mass housing :越来越多的人住在能住许多人的建筑里。Mass:大量（人）的。如：mass media:大众传媒。weapons of mass destruction: 大规模毁灭性武器。7. Important characteristics of modern architectural works are : 现代建筑工程的重要特点是 work：（复数）作品；（建筑等的）工程。 The villagers are busy building defensive works. 村民们正忙着修防御工事。练习：A. Building MaterialsB. Need of Greater Building Varieties in Modern LifeC. Restoration of Ancient CivilizationsD. Evolution in StyleE. Factors Affecting Modern ArchitectureF. A Social Art1. Paragraph 2 _2. Paragraph 3 _3. Paragraph 4 _4. Paragraph 5 _答案与题解：1. C 本段谈到文艺复兴使古希腊和古罗马的建筑风格和原则重新兴起。2. A 本段的内容主要是建筑材料。3. B 第四段的大意是现代生活的复杂性需要有多种多样的建筑，此段的第一句话中的calls for 的意思同于needs. 4. E 本段讲了影响现代建筑学的诸多因素。5. Some buildings are so well constructed that they are not only useful _.6. Ancient Greek and Roman architectural styles, which were restored during renaissance, were still influential _. 7. As modern life becomes more complex, people have to put up many different kinds of buildings _. 8. The use of new building materials and the introduction of such new technology as the elevator and the air-conditioner have played an important role _. A. to meet their needsB. but also beautiful to look atC. in the development of modern architectureD. to design more buildingsE. even in the 20th centuryF. to outlast their original use答案与题解：5B 前面出现的not only 十个提示，自然要找一下有没有but also了。6E 这句话重述了第二段的内容。7A 原句语法已经完整，再加入一个动词不定式短语 to meet their needs 说明目的。8C 看到play a role 自然要看看后面有没有 in 短语，说明在哪方面发挥作用。第三部分 概括大意与完成句子第八篇Earthquake1 Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma1 to the Alps2 in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from landslides3 or major fires which are initiated by the quake.2 These are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale4, which goes from 0 upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.95. major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upward from 6.0.3 The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earths surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earths crust and continental drift.4 In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Special instruments are used to help people record, for example, shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake.5 Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be the signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviors of some animals, the changes in the content of mineral water, etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before earthquakes happen.词汇：vast v:st adj. 巨大的 crust krst n. 地壳belt belt n. 带，带状物 drift drift n. 浮动，漂浮initiate iniieit v. 引发，引起 accurate kjurit adj. 准确的intensity intensiti n. 强度 phenomenon finminn n. 现象rock rk n. 岩石 imminent iminnt adj. 即将发生的expansion ikspnn n. 扩张 magnetic mnetik adj. 带有磁性的注释：1. Burma:缅甸2. the Alps: 阿尔卑斯山3. landslide: 滑坡 4. the Richter Scale： 里氏震级5. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9. ： 迄今为止记录到的最高震级为8.9. to date ： 迄今为止；到此为止。如：To date we have received more than a hundred applications. 到此刻为止，我们收到了一百多分申请书。练习：1. paragraph 2_ 2. paragraph 3_3. paragraph 4_ 4. paragraph 5_ A. Earthquakes ForecastB. Historical Records of EarthquakesC. Intensities of EarthquakesD. Cause of EarthquakesE. Indications of EarthquakesF. Damaging Earthquakes答案与题解：c1.C 本段简述在里氏震级表上反映出来得不同震级。2. D 本段简述了地震的起因。3. A 本段介绍了科学家为预报地震所做的一些工作。4. E 本段介绍了震前可能会出现的一些异常情况。Earthquake1 Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma1 to the Alps2 in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from landslides3 or major fires which are initiated by the quake.2 These are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale4, which goes from 0 upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.95. major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upward from 6.0.3 The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earths surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earths crust and continental drift.4 In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Special instruments are used to help people record, for example, shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake.5 Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be the signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviors of some animals, the changes in the content of mineral water, etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before earthquakes happen.词汇：vast v:st adj. 巨大的 crust krst n. 地壳belt belt n. 带，带状物 drift drift n. 浮动，漂浮initiate iniieit v. 引发，引起 accurate kjurit adj. 准确的intensity intensiti n. 强度 phenomenon finminn n. 现象rock rk n. 岩石 imminent iminnt adj. 即将发生的expansion ikspnn n. 扩张 magnetic mnetik adj. 带有磁性的注释：1. Burma:缅甸2. the Alps: 阿尔卑斯山3. landslide: 滑坡 4. the Richter Scale： 里氏震级5. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9. ： 迄今为止记录到的最高震级为8.9. to date ： 迄今为止；到此为止。如：To date we have received more than a hundred applications. 到此刻为止，我们收到了一百多分申请书。练习：5. Not all damage during an earthquake is caused _.6. Not all earthquakes are strong enough _.7. Scientists have been working hard to warn people _.8. Earthquakes can be predicted by observing _.A. by the quake itselfB. not be preventedC. to cause damage of property and loss of lives D. of a possible earthquakeE. the unusual behaviors of some animalsF. the strong behaviors of human beings答案与题解：5. A 句中的被动语态 is caused 提示可能会跟一个by 短语。6. C 形容词加上 enough 后面常会跟一个动词不定式，文中第二段也降到有些地震震级不高，不会造成重大破坏和伤亡。7. D 动词 ware 后面或跟 against, 或跟of, 警告别人将有事情发生。8. E 动词 observing 候命应该有一个宾语，故应选一个名词短语。人类的行为变化跟地震并没有关系，因此F不是正确的选项。Heartbeat of America1 New Yorkthe Statue of Liberty1，the skyscrapers，the beautiful shops on Fifth Avenue2 and the many theaters on Broadway3 This is Americas cultural capital. It is also her biggest city, with a population of nearly 8 million. In the summer it is hot，hot，hot and in the winter it Can be very cold. Still there are hundreds of things to do and see all the year round.2 Manhattan is the real center of the city. When people say “ New York City, ”they usually mean Manhattan. Most of the interesting shops, buildings and museums are here. In addition, Manhattan is the scene of New Yorks busy night life In 1605 the first Europeans came to Manhattan from Holland. They bought the island from the Native Americans for a few glass necklaces worth about $26 today.3 Wall Street in Manhattan is the financial heart of the USA. It is also the most important banking center in the world. It is a street of“ skyscrapers. ”These are those incredible，high buildings，which Americans invented，and built faster and higher than anyone else. Perhaps the two most spectacular skyscrapers in New York are the two towers of the New York World Trade Center4. When the sun sets, their 110 floors shine like pure gold.4 Like every big city, New York has its own traffic system. Traffic jams can be terrible. Its usually quickest to go by subway. The New York subway is easy to use and quite cheap. The subway goes to almost every comer of Manhattan. But it is not safe to take the subway late at night because in some places you could get robbed. New York buses are also easy to use. You see more if you go by bus. There are more than 30，000 taxis in New York. They are easy to see. because they are bright yellow and carry large TAXI signs. Taxis do not go outside the city. However, they will go to the airports. In addition to the taxi fare. People give the taxi driver a tip of 15 percent of the fares value.5 Central Park is a beautiful green oasis in the middle of New Yorks concrete desert. It is surprisingly big. with lakes and woods，as well as organized recreation areas. New Yorkers love Central Park，and they use it all the time. In the winter, they go iceskating，and in the summer rollerskating. They play ball，ride horses and have picnics. They go bicycling and boating. There is even a childrens Zoo. with wild birds and animals.6Along the east side of Central Park runs Fifth Avenue. once called“ Millionaires Row. ”In the 19th century, the richest men in America built their magnificent homes here. It is still the most fashionable street in the city, with famous department stores.7Broadway is the street where you will find New Yorks best. Known theaters. But away from the bright lights and elegant clothes of Broadway are many smaller theaters. Their plays are called“ off-Broadway” and are often more unusual than the Broadway shows. As well as many theaters，New York has a famous opera house. This is the Metropolitan5，where international stars sing from September until April. Carnegie Hall6 is the citys more popular concert hall. But night life in New York offers more than classical music and theater. There are hundreds of nightclubs where people go to eat and dance.词汇：heartbeat h:tbi:t n.心搏fare f n.车费 necklace nekls n.项链 oasis