新托福阅读动物类话题词汇及长句.docx

雅思培训 托福培训 新托福阅读动物类话题词汇及长句朗阁海外考试研究中心 新托福阅读热门动物类话题如何进行解析呢？朗阁名师带领“烤鸭”们来解读托福阅读动物类话题一系列的词汇及长句。文章标题The Cambrian Explosion所属话题生命科学类之动物类文章体裁科技说明文文章结构现象解释式难度系数文章难度 题目难度：各题型数量词汇题（4题）直接事实题（2题）推论题（1题）句子简化题（1题）修辞目的题（2题）否定排除题（2题）插入文本题（1题）摘要题（1题）高频话题词总结geologic地质的，地质上的origin起源，来源，渊源originate发源，起源，开始cell细胞extinct灭绝的，绝种的evolve进化，发展diversification多样化，多元化explosion爆炸，激增multicellular多细胞的fossil化石evolutionary进化的，演化的fossilize变成化石，石化fossilization化石化discourage阻止，阻碍decomposition分解，腐败，解体formation形成，构成consist包含exclusively完全地，独有地，排外地distribution分布ancestor祖先assign归于，归属unique唯一的，独特的arise出现descendant后代，子孙marine海洋的，海生的，海产的unassignable无法分配的predator捕食者，食肉动物previously以前，先前，之前extinction灭绝involve涉及zoologist动物学家ecological生态的virtually几乎competition竞争sequence顺序，次序await等待，期待长难句1. Conditions that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animals include very rapid covering by sediments that create an environment that discourages decomposition.分析：主句为“Conditions include very rapid covering by sediments”，“that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animals”为定语从句，做Conditions的定语，关系词为that； “that create an environment that discourages decomposition”也为定语从句，做sediments的定语，关系词为that。2. At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned to various modern animal groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants in modern animal groups.分析：本句为并列句，由连词but连接；“the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned to various modern animal groups”的主句为“the animals were assigned to various modern animal groups”“present in these fossil beds”为后置定语；“most paleontologists now agree that all tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants in modern animal groups.”的主句为“most paleontologists now agree that”，其中“that all tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants in modern animal groups.”为that引导的宾语从句，做agree的宾语；“that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants in modern animal groups”为定语从句，做unique body forms的定语，关系词为that；“leaving no descendants in modern animal groups”为现在分词短语，在此定语从句中做伴随状语。3. These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any other modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups.分析：该句主句为“These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups plus about 20 other animal body forms”；“that are so different from any other modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups”为定语从句，做20 other animal body forms的定语，关系词为that；此定语从句为sothat结构，“they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups”为结果状语从句。生命科学类之其他话题昆虫（蚂蚁信息素、蚂蚁交流、蜜蜂交流、蝴蝶多样性）鸟类（始祖鸟、人工孵化、鸟类换毛、欺骗战术、筑巢、迁徙、鸣叫）水生动物（浮游生物、鳟鱼、鱼类体液、海豚）动物习性（认知能力、哺育后代、工具使用、保温机制、生物钟、拟态行为、摄食行为、蝙蝠和寄生虫、捕食最优化）灭绝与进化（史前人类活动导致巨型动物灭绝、物种灭绝、动物体型进化、物种适应性）植物（菌类、苔藓、植物的积极防御和消极防御）动植物关系（动植物间的互利与共生）其他生命（菌类、生命起源）生物学原理（物种分类方法，物种适应性）文章标题Powering the Industrial Revolution所属话题社会科学类之历史类（工业化）文章体裁科技说明文文章结构原因/结果式难度系数文章难度 题目难度：各题型数量词汇题（4题）直接事实题（4题）否定排除题（1题）句子简化题（1题）修辞目的题（1题）插入文本题（1题）摘要题（1题）高频话题词总结dramatic引人注目的continuous连续的，持续的abound丰富，盛产desirable理想的reliable可靠的，可依赖的drought干旱，旱季machinery机器，机械movable活动的，可移动的constant不断的，持续的，永恒的exploit开拓，开采，利用vastly极大地embody表现，体现perfect使完美devise想出，设计convert转变，改变motion运动transform改变inefficient效率低的，无效率的liberate解放eliminate消除，去除availability可利用性，可得到的东西illumination照明rival竞争，对立，比得上accustom使习惯motive动机的，发动的retain保持virtual实质上的，事实上的monopoly垄断multiply增加长难句1. Only the last of these was suited at all to the continuous operating of machines and although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well as textile mills, it had one great disadvantage: stream flowed where nature intended them to, and water-driven factories had to be located on their banks, whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons.分析：本句为并列句，“Only the last of these was suited at all to the continuous operating of machines”和“although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well as textile mills, it had one great disadvantage:”并列，由and连接。冒号后面部分“stream flowed where nature intended them to, and water-driven factories had to be located on their banks, whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons.”解释前文，解释说明waterpower的缺点；其中“where nature intended them to”为where引导的地点状语从句；“whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons”为whether引导的让步状语从句。2. The final step came when steam was introduced into the cylinder to drive the piston backward as well as forward, thereby increasing the speed of the engine and cutting its fuel consumption.分析：本句主句为“The final step came”。“when steam was introduced into the cylinder to drive the piston backward as well as forward, thereby increasing the speed of the engine and cutting its fuel consumption.”为when引导的时间状语从句；其中“thereby increasing the speed of the engine and cutting its fuel consumption”为现在分词短语作结果状语。3. Iron manufacturers, which had starved for fuel while depending on charcoal, also benefited from ever-increasing supplies of coal.分析：此句主句为“Iron manufacturers also benefited from ever-increasing supplies of coal”。“which had starved for fuel while depending on charcoa