初升高衔接英语-------名-----词.doc

初升高衔接英语 名 词一、 名词的分类：根据用法，名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。1可数名词有单、复数形式的区别。需要掌握规则名词的复数形式的构成。*以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数： 如：two Marysthe Henrys monkey-monkeysholiday-holidays比较： 层楼：storey -storeys story-stories * 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：a. 加s，如： photo-photospiano-pianos radio-radioszoo-zoos； b. 加es，如：potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes *以f或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时常去 f , fe 加 ves ，如：half-halvesknife-knivesleaf-leaveswife-wiveslife-lives thief-thieves 2.名词复数的不规则变化1）child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-miceman-men woman-women 注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如： an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。2）单复数同形如：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters3）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a. maths ，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。b. news 是不可数名词。c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 是一本非常有趣的故事书。4) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜)trousers,clothes若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双);suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers5） 另外还有一些名词，即可做不可数名词也可做可数名词，但意思不相同。 词语可数名词不可数名词词语可数名词不可数名词fire火炉，火灾火Paper报纸，试卷纸Exercise练习，体操锻炼，运动Time次数时间Fish鱼（种类，条数）鱼肉Light灯光线Chicken鸡，小鸡鸡肉Orange橘子橘子汁room房间空间glass玻璃杯玻璃单词可数名词意思不可数名词意思单词可数名词意思不可数名词意思work作品，著作工作German德国人德语wood森林木头life生命生活，人生Chicken小鸡鸡肉Exercise练习，体操运动，锻炼Paper报纸，试卷纸Orange橘子橙汁Room房间空间Glass玻璃杯玻璃Time次数，倍数时间Japanese日本人日语Light灯光线fish鱼（种类）鱼肉6）常以复数形式出现并使用的名词：clothes, people, trousers, glasses, scissors, thanks, congratulations, wishes, police, stairs(楼梯), works(著作), woods(森林), times(时代)3不可数名词量的表示 可以借助单位词表一定的数量。如：a glass of water 一杯水 a piece of cake 4修饰可数名词的词有：many, few, a few, a number of, 数词 修饰不可数名词的词有：much, little, a little, a great deal of 即可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词的词有：some (any), no, a lot of二、定语名词的复数（即名词修饰名词）名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。1) 用复数作定语。 如：sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 2) man, woman, 等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 如：men workerswomen teachers 3) 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。如：two-dozen eggs两打/（二十四个鸡蛋） a ten-mile walk 十里路 two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划 some banana trees two book stores三、名词的格1.有生命的人、物及其他名词的所有格在词尾加“s”，如the boys bag 男孩的书包2. 若名词词尾已有-s ，只加，如：Teachers Day the twins parents, the students books3. 时间、距离、地域等名词的所有格形式为-s todays newspaper, ten minutes walk the citys problem4. 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barbers 理发店 at my aunts (house) go to the doctors . 5. 凡不能加s的名词，都可以用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字 the window of the house 。6. 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示分别有；只有一个s，则表示共有。 如：Johns and Marys rooms（两间） John and Marys room（一间）7. 双重所有格形式：a novel of Mark Twins a friend of my fathers / mine一单选1- Where have you been, Tim? - Ive been to _.A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henrys home D. Henrys2In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner3You looked for it twice, but you havent found it. Why not try _ .A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once4- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters5Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear6There is some _ on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears7In England, the last name is the _ .A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name8They are going to fly _ to Beijing.A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans9The_ has two _ .A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch10The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths11Whats your _ for being late again?A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news12- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly.- But I think we should let _ go out first.A. woman and children B. women and childC. woman and child D. women and children13- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_ ”on the door of his shop.- Thanks.A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING14Are they going to have a picnic on _ ?A. Childrens Day B. Childrenss Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day15Where are the students? Are they in _ ?A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room二单选1. Here is the that his younger brother loves best.A. coffee cup B. coffees cup C. cup of coffee D. coffee of cup2. Mr. Tony always has to tell his students at the beginning of his lectures.A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good newsC. some good piece of news D. some piece of good news3. As a businessman, Mr. Li gained his by selling famous of English and American writers.A. wealth; work B. wealth; works C. wealths ; works D. wealths ; work4. He is a kind-hearted man. People can get on well with him.A. Few B. A little C. Quite a few D. Little5. The post office isnt far from here. Its only bicycle ride.A. half an hours B. an hour and a half C. half an hour D. half an hours6. The population of Shanghai very big and most of its population native people.A. are ; is B. is ; is C. are; are D. is; are7. Would you like to have ,Tom?No, thanks, l have had enough.A. any more orange and apples B. some more oranges and applesC. any more oranges and apples D. some more oranges and apple8. Which do you prefer to drink, or coffee? , please. A. teas; Two tea B. tea; Two tea C. tea; Two teas D. teas; Two teas9. lt was really to get a present from him on her birthday party that she couldnt believe it, looking at him in .A. such big surprise; a surprise B. such a big surprise; surpriseC. so big surprise; a surprise D. such big surprise; surprise10. These are bikes. The twin brothers like them very much.A. Jacks and Jerrys B. Jacks and Jerry C. Jacks and Jerry B. Jack and Jerrys11. How much water is there in the bottle? .Youd better come to fetch another bottle.A. A little B. Nothing C. No one D. None12. Bill works harder than in his class. He is the most excellent student l have met.A. the other boys B. other boys C. any boy D. another boy三、完形填空 从每小题A,B,C选项中选择可填入空白处的最佳答案。（10分）Australia has a lot of lovely animals. The most famous ones are kangaroos and koalas.Kangaroos have 1 eyes and ears. They dont walk 2 jump with their strong back legs. They can jump at up to 74 3 per hour and go over 9 meters in one jump. Kangaroos have pouches(育儿袋) to carry their babies. The babies stay 4 to get milk and keep warm.There are 20 to 25 5 kangaroos in Australia. Thats 6 the number of people in the country. You can find pictures of 7 on TV, in magazines and books. The government even wants to put them on passports.Koalas 8 bears, and have small eyes and big noses. They eat leaves from gum trees, and they 9 most of their time in the tree. Koalas have a special smell. They use it to mark their 10 “This is my place. You cant come in!”( ) 1A. large B. small C. short( ) 2 A. and B. but C. or( ) 3 A. meters B. kilos C. kilometers( ) 4 A. inside B. outside C. outdoor( ) 5 A. hundred B. thousand C. million( ) 6 A. more than B. larger than C. as many( ) 7 A. theirs B. themselves C. them( ) 8 A. look like B. look after C. care for( ) 9 A. take B. pay for C. spend( )10 A. family B. home C. leaves四、阅读理解Bob was clever, but he never worked hard at his lessons. “I must make Bob work more and play less,” his father said to himself. “I must let Bob know I care very much about his studies.” So he wrote down some questions. He was going to ask Bob two or three questions each day, and decided to begin with the quite easy ones.That evening when Bob came home from school, his father brought up the first question, “Bob,” said his father, “how many letters are there in the alphabet?” “I dont know.” Bob said. “You dont know?” the father looked unhappy. “You started school two years ago, and you dont even know how many letters there are in the alphabet?”“Is that surprising? Well, let me ask you a question, Dad. You started to work in the post office five years ago, didnt you?” “Yes?” Bobs father was confused(迷惑的). “Then can you tell me how many letters there are in the letter-box over there?”根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。正确“A”，错误“B”。（10 分）( )11.Bob was not good at his lessons because he was not clever enough. ( )12.His father decided to ask Bob a few questions every day. ( )13.Bob was at school for five years. ( )14.Bob didnt know how many letters there are in the alphabet.