动词的时态与语态.doc

动词的时态与语态Part 1. Fill in the form.时态所表意义主动谓语部分构成被动谓语部分构成一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成进行时一般将来时将来进行时将来完成时过去将来时8Part.2.Please fill in the blanks with the right tense of the words given.1.He _(take)a walk in the park every morning.2.He seldom _(go)to the cinema.3.The sun _(rise) in the east.4.It snows a great deal here in winter.5.She will be happy when she_(hear)the news.6.I shall give the letter to him as soon as I _(see)him.7.There_(go) the bell.8.There _(come)the taxi.9.Listen ! Someone _(knock)at the door.10.She _(read)a novel these days.11.John _(come)here next Friday.12.She _always _(speak)ill of others13.Mary_constantly_(laugh)at him.14.John_always_(think) of others.15-20判断正误15.The house belongs to my brother.16.The house is belonging to my brother.17.She loves swimming better than running .18.She is loving swimming better than running.19.They are seeing the sights in the city.20.A little girl is smelling the scents of the roses.2130翻译21.If today is Saturday, tomorrow will be Sunday.22.You will get wet if you go out without an umbrella.23.I am going to write to Henry this evening.24.It looks as if it is going to rain.25.I think they are going to win the match.26.I am to meet Mr Brown at eleven oclock.27.The meeting is about to begin.28.All the questions are to be answered at once29.We are to take care of all these children.30.No one is to leave the room without pemission.e.g. The meeting _in five minutes.A.is about to begin B.begin C. will begin D.would begin.注：_31.At seven oclock tomorrow morning I shall _(watch)TV news.32.When I get home in the evening, my mother will_(prepare)dinner for me.33.I _(receive)a letter from my mother last week.34.She_(not look)well when I saw him yesterday.35.She_(go)out just now.36.Last month she worked eleven hours a day.37.Every morning I _(take) a walk when I lived in the morning.38.This time yesterday they _(have)lunch.39.What _were_(do) at 10 oclock last night?40.He _(write) while she _(read).41-42翻译41.She was always finding faults with him.42.He was constantly asking her questions.43.She _(live)here since 1990.44.How long_you_(live)in the house.45.He _(buy)a new bike recently.46.I _never_(be)to England.47._you _(do)your homework?48.He will come as soon as he _(finish)the homework.49.We shall wait here until the rain_(stop)50-54判断正误50.He has left Shanghai for two years.51.He has been away from Shanghai for 2 weeks.52.It is two weeks since he left Shanghai.53.His grandmother has been died for five years.54.I have not received her letter for a whole year.55.He is ill.He _(lie) in bed for two weeks.56.It _(snow) since last Sunday.57.I _(write) letters all the morning.58.It _(rain),but it has just stopped.59.I think you _(clean)all the morning.Your clothes are covered with dust.60.分析比较下面两句话:1)The man has drunk the water.2)The man has been drinking the water.61.We _(finish)the work by three oclock yesterday.62.He _already_(have)breakfast before seven oclock this morning.63.He _(not learn)English before he came to England.64.The train _already_(left)when I got to station.65.He asked who _(break)the windows?66.I was very sad at his death.We _(be)good friends since our childhood.67.I lent her the book which I _(buy)the day before.68.I _(mean) to come,but it rained.69.I _(hope)to see her again.70.Everything _(go)well up to that time.71.Everything _(go)well up to now.72.分析比较下面三组话:A)He had been living here before he went to Shanghai.B)I had lived here before he went to Shanghai.A) Last night I had been reading a novel when the bell rang.B)Last night I was reading a novel when the bell rang.A)She had been waiting for you when I met her.B) She has been waiting for you since you left.73.He said he_(go)to the north for the holilday.74.She told me she _(learn)another foreign language.75.He said he was _(finish)the work within a week.76.I was about _(go)out when the telephone rang.77.You _(reach)Shanghai by this time tomorrow.78.We _(live)here for thirty years by next Friday.79.I shall have a rest when I _(finish)the job.80.If you _(get)the letter this time tomorrow.Please let me know.Part 3.Change the following sentences into passive voice .1.Many people speak English.2.She wrote the letter.3.He will water the flowers in the afternoon.4.The policeman has caught the thieves.5.The workers are preparing the watches.6.He was cleaning his room when I entered the house.7.Some one has broken the window.8.I have been watering the flowers.9.She had learnt 2000 English words by the end of last month.10.Last night they had been watching a film when the telephone rang.11.He was going to learn another foreign language.12.She was to plant some trees in the yard.13.By ten oclock this evening I shall have received my lessons.14.She asked him some questions.15.Mother bought me a new coat.16.They asked the teacher to explain the questions again.17.My English teacher made us copy the words for five times.18.People looked down upon him because he is a liar.19.We must take care of our parents when they are old. 20.The story interested me.高考要点注释 一：各种时态的意义及用法一般现在时1. 客观事实与普遍真理，经常性或反复发生的动作及现在状态，常和always , every weekend , never , occasionally , often , on Sundays , seldom , once a week , usually 等状语连用。My mother works at the same company as my father . 我母亲与我父亲在同一家公司工作。Four plus two equals six . 四加二等于六。He takes a walk after supper every day . 他每天晚饭后散步。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west . 日出东方，日落西方。 2报刊标题，体育解说或舞台指导 CHINA HOSTS OLYMPIC GAMESCharlton passes to Jodan ; Jodan shoots, its a good goal. 查尔顿传球给乔丹，乔丹投篮，好球。3特殊用法： a) 代替将来时，用于时间和条件状语从句中。Please wait till Jane arrives . 请等到简回来。b) 表预先安排好的动作，常用于begin , close , depart , finish , open , stop 等动词。The concert begins at 7:30 and ends at 9:30. 音乐会定于7时30分开始，9时30分结束。现在进行时1.表示现在某时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作 Hes talking to his girlfriend on the phone . 他正在和他的女朋友通电话。2.一些表示状态和感觉的动词（静态动词）一般不用进行时态， 如hate , like , love , believe, think , look (看起来)，mind (在意)，have (有)， seem , remain , contain , deserve , owe , own ,require 等。3有些动词（如go , come , stay , leave , start 等）的现在进行时形式也可以表示将来即将发生的动作。 The plane is leaving for London . 这架飞机要飞往伦敦。现在完成时1现在完成时用来表示过去开始，但持续到现在的动作，或表示过去发生的动作，但对现在仍留下某种后果和影响。常和already , before , in the past few months , over the past 5 years, just , so far , up to now ,yet 等状语连用。He cant go on holiday because He has broken his leg . 因为他把腿摔伤了，所以不能去度假。2在It is the first time + that 分句结构或It / This is +形容词最高级+名词后的从句中用现在完成时Its the third time I have explained this particular aspect of grammar. 这是我第三次讲解这条语法的特殊用法。Hes the most interesting person I have ever met . 现在完成进行时*现在完成进行时用来表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚结束，或者可能要继续进行下去。 The children have been watching TV all morning . 这些孩子整个上午都在看电视。一般过去时一般过去时主要用来表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，常和表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , three years ago , in 1998 等）连用。He made the statement at a meeting with Ambassador Last Friday . 上周五他在与大使的会谈中发表了声明。She often came to help me at that time . 那时她经常来帮助我。1. 在时间状语从句中，代替过去将来时。I missed that exciting game , because mother said I couldnt watch before my homework was finished . 我错过了那场激动人心的比赛，因为妈妈说我完做作业才能看电视。2. 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：a) 现在完成时强调动作现在的结果；过去时着眼过去的动作或状态。He went to Africa . 他到非洲去了。He has gone to Africa . 他已经到非洲去了。He has been to Africa . 他去过非洲。b) 表示过去的时间状语只用于过去时，不能用于现在完成时：He died ten days ago .He has been dead for ten days . 过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。I was practicing my oral English at eight oclock yesterday evening. 昨晚八点我正在练习英语口语。When I saw her , she was working at the computer . 我看到她时她正在上机。过去完成时过去完成时用来表示过去某个时间或某个动作之前已经完成的动作，或者表示过去某个时间开始一直延续到过去另一个时间的动作。强调过去的过去。常和after , before , by , until 等引导的时间状语连用。过去完成时的形式是had + 动词过去分词。I waited until he had finished his work . 我一直等到他干完活。1. 过去完成时通常与由介词“by + 表示过去时间的名词”构成的短语连用。例如：By the end of last week we had already done half of the work. 到上星期为止，我们已经做了一半的工作了。By the time I left the school I had taught that class for ten years. 到我离开学校的时候为止，我已经教了那个班十年了。2. 过去完成时通常用在动词said, told, asked, explained, thought, wondered等引起的宾语从句中。例如：I told them that I had done enough work for one day.我告诉他们我这一天做的工作够多的了。 She wondered who had left the door open. 她想知道是谁没关门。 3. 在no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when, barely when句型中，主句中的谓语动词通常要用过去完成时，从句中谓语动词要用一般过去时。例如：Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚一开口说话，听众就打断了他。 过去完成进行时*过去完成进行时用来表示过去某个时间以前已经开始而又延续到过去这个时间的动作。这个动作可能刚刚停止，也可能还在持续。过去完成进行时也是一个相对的时态，上下文中须有明示或暗示的作为参照的过去时间。过去进行时的形式是had been + doing。Dick had been smoking for ten years before he decided to give it up last year . 去年狄克决定戒烟，在这之前他已经抽了十年了。She said she had been expecting your good news . 她说她一直期待着你的好消息。一般将来时主要用来表示将来发生的动作或情况以及未来的倾向：将来时的多种表示法：1. shall , will +动词原形We shall start right away . 我们马上出发。They will leave for HongKong tomorrow. 他们明天动身去香港。2.be going +不定式,表示最近打算要做的事情。What are you going to do this evening ? 你今天晚上干什么？The wall is going to be painted green . 这堵墙将被漆成绿色。3. be to do 表示按计划，日程要发生的事情。We are to meet at the school gate. 我们约定在学校门口见。There is to be a test in the tenth week. 第十周将有一次考试。4. be about +不定式 表示“正要”，“刚要”发生的动作。Autumn harvest is about to start . 秋收就要开始了。5. 一般现在时表示将来6. 现在进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作将来进行时将来进行时由shall或will+be +现在分词构成用来表示在将来的某一段时间正在发生的动作，或按计划在未来将要进行的动作。This time next week she will be working in that company . 下星期的这个时候她将在那家公司工作。Ill be waiting for you at the hotel after supper . 晚饭后我将在旅馆等着你。将来完成时将来完成时由shall 或will +have done 构成用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作。将来完成时常与by the end of this month, by then (5 oclock) , this time next week , by the time 等时间状语连用。 We hope it will have stopped raining before we set off for the picnic . 我们希望在出发去野餐以前雨就已经停了。Ill have done all the work by the time you are back this evening . 你们今晚回来的时候我就将作完全部工作。1. 将来完成时通常与：“by+将来时间”和by the time that结构连用。例如： By the year 2050, scientists probably will have discovered a cure for cancer.到2050年，科学家们可能已经找到了治愈癌症的方法。 By the time you arrive in London, we will have been staying in Europe for two weeks.等你到达伦敦的时候，我们已经在欧洲呆了两星期了。2. 在时间从句和条件从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时，表示将来某时业已完成的动作。例如： Youll get to like the subject after you have studied it for some time.在学习这个学科一段时间之后，你就会喜欢它的。 Ill go and see the exhibition as soon as I have finished my work. 我一做完作业就去看展览。过去将来时表示在过去某一时刻之后将要发生的动作或情况，多见于主句谓语动词是一般过去时的宾语从句中。其形式由would 或be going to 加动词原形构成。He said that he would get married soon . 他说他不久就要结婚了。注 和一般将来时一样， 过去将来是也有其它相应的表达形式。如 was (were)going to do 等。二：被动语态1.主动语态变为被动语态的方法：He was cleaning his room when I entered the room.主 谓语 宾语 状语His room was being cleaned (by him) when I entered.主语 谓语 by+宾 状语1).主动语态的宾语做被动语态的主语2).谓语动词变成be+p.p. 形式（注意：be按新主语的人称、数而变化，时态依照主动语态的时态。）3).利用“by+主动句的主语的宾格”表示动作的发出者。注意：修饰语包括定语和状语不变试把下列句子变成被动语态：1.Ishall have finished reading the novel by dinner time.2.You ought to keep these three rooms clean.3.You are about to write a poem,arent you?4.She had better leave a note to him.5.He doesnt do his homework every morning.2.与介词合成的及物动词，该为被动语态时，保留其介词。例如look after;listen to ;look at;laugh at; call on;pay attention to ;take care of;look forward toe.g.1)People look down upon him because he is a liar.He is looked down upon because he is a liar.2)People paid no attention to me.No attention was paid to me.I was paid no attention to.Ex: You must take care of the child.3.双宾语结构的被动语态形式：1）动词:buy;give;lend;pay;show;teach;tell;可有两种被动语态形式：e.g.He gave me a watch.A watch was given to me (by him).I was given a watch (by him).Ex:Father shall give me a dictionary on my birthday.2) 动词:bring;do;make;pass;sell;send;sing;write;通常用直接宾语作为被动语态的主语：e.g.He wrote her a letter. A letter was written to her (by him).4.表示感官的系动词如：taste,sound,look,smell,feel用主动表示被动。e.g. How sweet the music sound!This dish tastes good.类似的系动词还有：appear;seem;remain;feel; stay;grow; fall;run;turn.e.g.My blood ran cold.我不寒而栗（毛骨悚然）I have been running short of money for a long time.5.用主动形式表示被动意思的动词，比如：weigh;wash;sell;drink;pay;wear;keep;prove;measure;read;drive.e.g.1)The book sells well.2)The wiskey drinks well for its price.3)The sign reads as follows.4)This dress wears very well.5)This kind of knife cuts well.6)My car drives easiy.7)This dress washes better.8)The classroom measures 30 feet long.9)In warm weather fruit and meat dont keep long.10)What he said proves true.6.be worth doing sth=be worthy of being +p.p. need/want/require+doing sth.E.g.This reference book is worth reading twice.This house needs repairing badly.7.注意以下被动语态中介词用法：1)I was surprised_the news. 2)They were interested _the story.3)The dog was killed_a stone. 4)Father is pleased _what I had done.时态语态检测题1. He _ more that 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15?A. has learnedB. would have earnedC. learned D. had learned2. Scientists think that the continents _ always where they _today.A. arent; are B. arent; wereC. werent; are D. werent; were3. As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _ and see him.A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come4.31. Why did you leave that position? - I _ a better position at IBM. A.offerB.offeredC. am offered D. was offered5. Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science _ that people who dont sleep well soon get ill. A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing6.The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ placed under the Ministers car. A. has been B. was being C. had been D. would be7. When the old man _ to walk back to his house ,the sun _ itself behind the mountain. Astarted ;had already hidden Bhad started ;had already hiddenChad started ;was hidingDwas starting; hid8. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank. Awere deciding Bhave decided Cdecided Dwill decide9. . If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been hack by 6 oclock. - What a pity! Tina _ here to see you. A. is B. was C. would be D. has been10. 29.They _ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _ it as no good results have come out so far.A. had been working; are still workingB. had worked; were still workingC. have been working; have workedD. have worked; are still working11.Hurry up ! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate . Oh ! I thought theywithout me . Awent Bare going Chave gone Dhad gone12. Listen to the two girls by the window. What language _?Adid they speak Bwere they speakingC.are they speakingD.ave they been speaking13.Did you tell Julia about the result? Oh, no, I forgot. I _ her now.Awill be calling Bwill call Ccall Dam to call14.28What would you do if ittomorrow ? We have to carry it on , since weve got everything ready .Arain Brains Cwill rain Dis raining15.The heros story_differently in the newspapers.Awas reported Bwas reporting Creports Dreported16.The coffee is wonderful ! It doesnt taste like anything I _ before . Awas having Bhave Chave ever had Dhad ever had17.More than a dozen students in that school _ around to study medicine last year.A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent18.At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our picnic lunch.A. sitting B. having sat C. to sit D. sat19.My brother is an actor. He _ in several films so far.Aappears Bappeared Chas appeared Dis appearing20. .Are you still busy?Yes, I _ my work, and it wont take long.Ajust finish Bam just finishing Chave just finished Dam just going to finish21. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year. A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing awayD.are being washed away22. Whats wrong with your coat? Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _ on it. A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting23. What are you going to do this afternoon? I am going to die cinema with some friends. The film_ quite early, so we_ to the bookstore after that. A. finished; are going B. finished ; go C. finishes; are going D. finishes; go24. Millions of pounds worth of damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of England last nighA. has been caused B had been caused C. will be cause