牛津深圳英语八年级下知识点1.doc

第 6 页 共 6 页牛津版教材8B知识点Chapter 1Words and phrases:1. memory n. 记忆；记忆力 memorize v. 记住2. mind n.大脑；头脑 keep sth. in mind = memorize sth. 把记住3. dramatic adj. 戏剧性的；使人印象深刻的 drama n. 戏剧4. note n. 纸币；便条；笔记5. go wrong 出现问题；发生故障6. break down 损坏；(健康等)垮掉，崩溃; 抛锚7. pay attention to (doing) sth. 注意某事8. injured adj. 受伤的9. be angry with sb. 对某人生气Grammar:Conditional sentences with if and unless(if和unless 条件状语从句)If 条件状语从句分两种情况：If 条件句和主句都为一般现在时，这时主句的动作必然发生。例：If something dramatic happens, we usually remember it well.If you cool water, it turns into ice.If 条件句用一般现在时，主句用将来时；这时主句的动作可能发生。例：If you go to bed earlier, you wont feel tired in the morning.If you look it up in the dictionary, you will find out its meaning.注意：Unless=ifnotYou will be late for school if you dont leave now=you will be late for school unless you leave now.Chapter 2Words and phrases:1) tough adj. 困难的；坚强的；坚忍不拔的2) bad-tempered adj. 脾气坏的good-tempered adj. 好脾气3) popularity n. 流行；受欢迎 popular adj. 流行的4) instead adv. 代替 instead of 代替5) smell n.气味 v. 闻起来 smell + adj.6) get into trouble 使陷入麻烦中be in trouble 处于麻烦中 be in trouble with 与之间有麻烦7) a number of 一些8) in total 一共9) come to life 变得更有趣；变得活跃10) play a trick (tricks) on (someone) 捉弄某人GrammarUsing adjectives形容词的用法：形容词用在名词前作定语，例： The cartoons also have a long history.The girl has round cheeks, thin eyebrows, pink mouth and curly hair.形容词在系动词后作表语，例： The price is high.The soup doesnt smell nice. But it tastes delicious.形容词作宾语补足语，verb + object +complementIt would be funny to make the mouse clever.I found it quite interesting.句型：It is +adj. + to +do sth.It is difficult to fall asleep.It is impossible to find the answer to this question.Chapter 3Words and phrases:1）lifeless adj. 没有生命的2) greenhouse effect 温室效应3) act v. 充当;行动；表演4) create v. 产生；引起；创造 creative adj. 具有创造性的5) result n. 结果；v. 导致 result from 因发生6) preference n. 偏好；喜爱prefer v. 偏爱7) mountains of 许多；大量8) in the form of 以的形式9) all the way 一路上；自始至终10) take action 采取行动 11) be in danger 处于危险中12) cut down 砍伐13) take in 吸收Grammar:1. 特殊疑问句：why的用法当我们询问原因的时候，会用why提问，用because作答。e.g. Why should we use baskets for shopping?Because plastic bags cause pollution.2. 同级比较形式: (not) as+ 形容词/副词原级+ as和一样We use (not) as as to compare things that are similar (or not similar ) in some way.e.g. Without the atmosphere, Earth would be as cold and lifeless as the surface of the moon.like, the same as 和 different from 的用法：We can use like to say things are similar in one or more ways.We can use the same as to say things are exactly like one another.We can use different from to say things are not like one another.e.g. The atmosphere acts like the glass in a greenhouse.Carbon dioxide is different from oxygen.This rubbish bin is the same as that one.Chapter 4Words and phrases1. the White House 白宫2. organization n. 组织 organize v. 组织3. educational adj. 关于教育的 educational visits education n. 教育4. exchange n. 交换 exchange programme 交换项目in exchange (for) 交换 exchange with 用交换exchangeable adj. 可交换的5. confident adj. 有自信的 be confident 有自信的 confidence n. 自信心6. departure n. 出发arrival n. 抵达 7. keep in touch (with ) 保持联系8. in case 万一；如果9. look forward to doing sth. 期待做10. be deeply moved by 被深深感动Grammar1. adverbial clauses of purpose (目的状语从句)We can use so that and in order that to talk about purpose. 在目的状语从句中，can, may, will和shall用于一般现在时； could, might, would 或者should 用于一般过去时。e.g. I do morning exercises every day so that I can keep healthy. Mary lent me this book in order that I could read about a few diet.2. adverbial clauses of result (结果状语从句) + adj. + adv. So +many/ few +可数名词 + that +much/ little+ 不可数名词such + adj. + n. +thate.g. It was so hot in the cinema that I felt very uncomfortable.It was such a funny film that I laughed until I cried!3. adverbial clauses of concession (让步状语从句)although和though都能引导让步状语从句，放在句首或句中，不能与but 连用。e.g. Sam did quite well in the exam although he was unprepared.Although/ Though she was nervous, she did well in the speech.Chapter 5Words and phrases:1. actor n.演员 act v. 表演2. the Olympic Games n. 奥运会3. while conj. 与同时4. appointment n. 约会5. clothing n. 服装 cloth n. 布料 clothes n. 衣服6. at a price 以很高的代价7. fall ill 生病8. in place of 代替9. call back 回电10. give someone a hand 帮助某人11. give up 放弃12. save up 储蓄；攒钱13. be strict with 对要求严格14. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做15. be grateful to 对感激Grammar:1.The past continuous tense(过去进行时)表示发生在过去某一个时刻的动作：e.g. My mother was cooking dinner at 6 p.m. yesterday.2.两个过去同时进行的动作，常用while 连接。e.g. He was practising the piano while other children of his age were playing games and having fun.3.过去某个短暂和连续动作的对比：e.g. He was watching a Tom and Jerry cartoon on TV when he first heard Western classical music. Chapter 6Words and phrases:1. fence n. 篱笆2. paint v.给上油漆 n. 油漆3. except prep. 除了 (not including)4. gain v. 获得；赚得5. beg v请求；乞求 beg sb. (not)to do sth.6. marry v. 结婚7. select v. 选择 select sb./sth. as8. come along 出现9. make fun of 取笑10. go on (doing sth.) 继续（做同一件事情）11. pass by 路过；经过12.marry sb. 和结婚Grammar:定语从句在复合句中作定语用修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 定语从句的位置：放在名词或代词的后面。如：The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle. (手上抓了一把雨伞的人是我的叔叔。) 语法术语的改变：被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词；引导定语从句的连接词称为关系词,其中that、which、who称为关系代词,where、when、how称为关系副词。 关系代词或关系副词的作用：关系代词who、whom 和whose指人,分别在从句中作主语、宾语和定语。which指物that多指物, 有时也指人,它们在从句中可以作主语或宾语。定语从句中关系代词作从句宾语时可以省略。This is the thief (that/who/whom) we have been looking for these days. (这个就是我们近日一直在找的小偷。) / Please find a room which is big enough for all of us to live in. (请找一间足够大能住下我们全体的房间。)关系副词when或where引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语。如：This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago. (这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。) Chapter 7Words and phrases:1. pocket money 零用钱2. spend v. 花费3. seldom adv. 很少4. latest adj. 最新的5. disturb v. 打扰 disturb sb. 打扰某人 disturbed adj. 有精神病的；精神紊乱的6. responsibility n. 责任responsible adj. 负责任的7. useful adj.有用的；useless adj. 无用的8. expect v. 期待；期望 expect to do sth. 9. last v. 持续 10. family tree 家谱11. perform v. 表演 performance n. 表演12. washing machine 洗衣机13. remark n. 评论；v. 评论14. afford v.付得起 afford to do sth.15. electrical adj. 电的；用电的electricity n. 电16. revise v. 复习17. after all 毕竟；终究18. at the bottom of 在底部19. make it 获得成功20.a generous amount of 一大笔钱Grammar 直接引语和间接引语：直接引语改变为间接引语：1、直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时应注意以下各点：不用引号,而用连接词that,但有时可省略。人称作相应变化；主句里的动词如果是过去时,间接引语中的时态一般应作相应改变： 一般现在时变一般过去时；一般将来时变过去将来时；现在进行时变过去进行时；现在完成时变