Unit 1代词.doc

Unit 1代词一.概念: 代词是代替名词的词, 按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。1.人称代词1)人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。 2. 物主代词1)表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示。 2)形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如： Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box.3)名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。 Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语） - Is this English-book yours? （作表语） - No. Mine is in my bag. Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作宾语）3. 指示代词 指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。 1) this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如： This is a pen and that is a pencil We are busy these days In those days the workers had a hard time2)有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲 到的事物，例如： I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English3)有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai 4)this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。例如： Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?4. 反身代词 英语中用来表示我自己，你自己，他自己，我们自己，你们自己等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词，其形式如表所示。 反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。 1)作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。 He called himself a writer Would you please express yourself in English?2)作表语。 It doesnt matterIll be myself soon The girl in the news is myself 3)作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。 I myself washed the clothes（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主语同位语） You should ask the teacher himself（作宾语同位语）5. 不定代词 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：1)some与any的区别some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. . Some rice in the bag has (been) sold out. any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。 If you have any questions, please ask me. There isnt any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea?some 和any 的其他用法： A) some用于其他句式中: a. 肯定疑问句中：说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时。 Would you like句式中，表委婉请求或建议，如： Would you like some coffee? b. 在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时，如： If you need some help，let me know. c.some位于主语部分, Some students havent been there before. d.当否定的是整体中的部分时，some可用于否定句。如： I havent heard from some of my old friends these years. 这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信。 B) any 当“一些”讲时，多用于否定句和疑问句。 在句中含有“任何”的意思时，any可用于肯定句。 Here are three novels. You may read any. 这有三本小说，你可任读一本。注意：与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。2) few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别用作形容词： 含义用法表示肯定表示否定用于可数名词a few虽少，但有几个few几乎没有用于不可数名词a little，虽少，但有一点little没有什么 Im going to buy a few apples. He can speak only a little Chinese. There is only a little milk in the glass. He has few friends. They had little money with them.a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 Im a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级) She slept very little last night.3）many, much的区别。 many, much意为许多，many + 可数名词，much + 不可数名词，均可用a lot of 替换。例如： How many people are there at the meeting? 多少人出席了会议。 How much time has we left? 还剩多少时间？ Many of the workers were at the meeting.许多工人在开会。 Much of the time was spent on learning.学习上化了许多时间。 4)other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。用 法代名词形容词单数复数单数复数不定another另一个others别人，其他人another (boy)另一个（男孩）other (boys)其他男孩特定the other另一个the others其余那些人、物the other (boy)另一个男孩the other (boys)其余那些男孩other可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别的”。 Where are his other books? I havent any other books except this one.other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“the other”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one ., the other .”句型。 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old, and the other is 5 years old. She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.other作代词用时，可以有复数“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some ., others .”句型。 Some students went to the cinema, while others went swimming yesterday. This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。 We got home by 4 oclock, but the others didnt get back until 8 oclock. In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以跟代词one. You can see another ship in the sea, cant you? Mary doesnt want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?another也可以作代词用，表示“另一个”。 Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me another.5)every与each的区别。eachevery1)可单独使用1)不可单独使用2)可做代名词、形容词2)仅作形容词3)着重“个别”3)着重“全体”，毫无例外4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物 The teacher gave a toy to each child. Each ball has a different colour. 当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。 Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.6）both、either和neither的用法。both （两者都），either（两者中任何一个），neither （两者都不）。以上三词使用范围均为两个人或物。both与复数连用，neither与either表单数概念。例如： Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。 Both the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。 Either of the two boys is clever. There are flowers on both sides of the street. 路边长满了野花。 There are flowers on either side of the street. 7）all、any和none的用法。all（所有的，全部的人或物），any （任何一个）， none （都不）。 以上三个词使用范围均为三者以上。例如： All the flowers are gone.所有的花都谢了。 I dont like any of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。 I like none of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。 注意：all与none用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词。例如：All of the students are there. 所有的学生都在那。 All （of） the milk is there. 所有的牛奶都在那。 8）all和both的区别。all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。 All of us like Mr Pope. 我们都喜欢Pope先生。（作主语） = We all like Mr Pope. (作同位语) All the water has been used up. (作定语) Thats all for today. (作表语) Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作宾语) All are here. (作主语) both作代词。a.与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示“两个都”。 Lucy and Lily both agree with us. They both passed on their sticks at the same time. How are your parents? Theyre both fine. b.与“of +代词（或名词）”连用，表示“两者都”。 Both of them came to see Mary. Both of the books are very interesting.c.单独使用，表示“两者（都）”。 Michael has two sons. Both are clever. I dont know which book is the better, I shall read both.both用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示“两者都”。 Both his younger sisters are our classmates. . There are tall trees on both sides of the street.6. 相互代词 表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形 式。在当代英语中，each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。 We should learn from each other / one another. （作宾语） Do you often write to each other / one another? （作宾语） We often borrow each others / one anothers books. （作定语） The students corrected each others / one anothers mistakes in their homework. （作定语）7. 疑问代词疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主语）What is that? (作表语)Whose umbrella is this? (作定语)Whom are you waiting for? (作宾语)u 强化训练【2011北京】1. Im talking to you, Jack. Please listen to_ carefully.A. me B. mine C. you D. yours【2011北京】2. I knocked on the door but _ answered.A. somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. everybody【2011上海】3. I have two children, and _ of them are working in the west of China.Aall B. both C. neither D. either【2011天津】4. Is this _ ruler? No. _ is over there. A. her; Her B. her; Hers C. hers; Hers D. hers; Her【2011重庆】5. Please send _ best wishes to Mary.A. IB. meC. my D. mine【2011重庆】6_ may have a chance to be successful if he tries his best.A. Somebody B. Everybody C. Nobody D. None【2011山东】7.- _ bike is this? - I think it petersA. WhoB. WhichC. WhoseD. What【2011广东】8. Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.It doesnt matter. You can have _. A. weB. usC. ourD. ours【2011宁夏】9. Most of the work was done by my sister and_.A.me B. I C. my D. Mine【2011山西】10.The book might be my sisters. Hemingway is _ favorite author. A. his B. her C. my 【2011河北】11. George reads the newspaper every morning. Thats habit.A. he B. him C. his D. himself【2011河南】12. Will you take part in the English speech competition tomorrow?Sure. I see it as a chance to prove_.A. myself B. me C. yourself D. you 【2011江西】13. Where did you go for your winter vacation? My family went to Paris._ had a great time.A. He B. She C. We D. They【2011陕西】14. May I have a talk with you, sir? Ive got important to tell you. A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything【2011安徽】15. - Im hungry, is there any bread in the fridge? -_but we have cakes. Would you like to have one? A. Some B. Much C. None D. Nothing【2011辽宁大连】16. British people usually shake hands the first time _ meet. A. they B. you C. we D.I 【2011广西南宁】17. My friend Tom comes from Canada and _ is a tall boy with blue eyes. A. he B. his C. she D. it【2011江苏淮安】18. Helen and Mary are good friends. _often help each other. A. Them B. Theirs C. They D. Their【2011湖南衡阳】19.Xiaoming and his brother are in the same school. And like sports very much. A. they B. them C. their【2011湖南郴州】20. Linda has two Chinese friends. _often talk in Chinese.A. TheirB. ThemC. They【2011云南八市】21. How do you usually come to school, by bus or by bike? _. I walk. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. Any【2011江苏南通】22. Here are three books on history. Which one would like to borrow? _. You see, Im interested in history these days. A. All B. None C. Both D.Each【2011云南昆明】23. Which club would you like to join, art club or basketball club?_ is OK. Im good at them.A. Neither B. Either C. Both D. All【2011海南三亚】24. - It was a heavy snow last night. Are we all here now? - Yes, and _ of us was late for school. A. all B. either C. neither D. none【2011呼和浩特】25. -Are Mr. and Mrs. Wang living alone in the house? -Yes, altough they have three sons, of them live with their parents. A. neihter B. both C. all D. none【2011四川南充】26. Which do you prefer, green tea or coffee?_.thanks. Id like a glass of water.A. Either B. Neither C. Both【2011江苏徐州】27. Peter tried on three jackets, but _ of them fitted him.A. all B. both C. none D. neither【2011山东枣庄】28. Did you see Peter and Mike? No, I saw _of them. A. neither B. either C. both D. none【2011四川广安】29. Which do you like better, tea or coffee? _ of them. I like water. A. All B. Both C. Neither【2011山东德州】30What do you think of the four classics (名著)of China? I hear that they are wonderful, but Ive read _ of them. A. allB. bothC. neitherD. none【2011湖北武汉】31.- The teachers in that school speak either English or French, or even _. - Thats so cool! A. all B. both C. neither D. none【2011湖南张家界】32. Take care of _. You dont want to catch a cold. A. you B. yours C. yourself【2011福建泉州】33.Lily, please put your school things in your bag. But those books are not _, they are Toms. A. I B. my C. mine【2011广东梅州】34. Mom, Bill is coming to dinner this evening. OK. Lets give him _ to eat. A. anything different B. different anything C. something different D. different something【2011.山东淄博】35. Who is the man over there? He is an old friend of _ . A.I B. my C. mine D. me.【2011.广西北海】36. Now Old Henry is very sad, so he doesnt want to do _. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything【2011云南昆明】37. Yesterday I lost my pencil sharpener.I couldnt find_. Oh, its a pity. Youd better buy _ this afternoon. A. it; it B. it; one C. one; it D. one; one【2011广东佛山】38. Parents care about childrens education more than anything else. A. theirB. themC. theirs【2011广西柳州】39. What are _ teachers doing? They are having a meeting. A. this B. that C. those【2011湖南湘潭】40. Can you cook by_? Yes, I can cook well A. you B. yours C .yourself【2011乌鲁木齐】41. All of us find _ necessary to take exercise every day.A. this B. that C. them D. it【2011黑龙江哈尔滨】42. I Believe I Can Fly is a nice song by R. Kelly. This song tells us that believing in is very important.A. themselves B. ourselves C. itself【2011黑龙江哈尔滨】43. Each of us has _ _life goals, which will guide us to a bridge future. Without life goals, we may waste our lifetime.A. a little B. few C. a few【2011四川广元】44Helpto some fruits.Thank you .A. yourself B. your C. You【2011四川广元】45. Can you speak English, Mr Wang？Yes, but onlyA. little B. a little C. a lot【2011四川宜宾】46. I have two brothers. One is a teacher, _ is a doctor.A. another B. other C. others D. the other【2011广东清远】47. Nobody teaches me English. I learn it all by_. A. I B. my C. myself D. me【2011广西百色】48. I found a story-book on the desk, it isnt mine, it is _,I think. A. her B. she C. yours D. mine【2011广西百色】49.Your computer doesnt work now, is there _ with it? A. wrong something B. something wrong C. wrong anything D. anything wrong【2011广西桂林】50. This is _ MP4. Yours is over there. A. my B. meC. I D. mine 【2011黑龙江绥化市】51. My grandpa is ill. I have to look after_at home.A. he B, her C. him【2011黑龙江绥化市】52. Who helped you clean the room yesterday afternoon? :_. I cleaned it all by myself.A, Everybody B. Somebody C. Nobody【2011内蒙古包头】53. There is still a copy of this book in the library. Will you go and borrow_? No, I will buy _in the bookstore.A. one; it B. one; one C. it; one D. it; it【2011山东连云港】54.Oh, the traffic is so heavy. Lets change _ route to the airport. A. other B. others C. the other D. another【2011福建莆田】55. David is new here, so we know_ about him.A. nothing B. something C. anything【2011福建莆田】56. Do you know Li Na?Of course. Shes a great tennis player_ comes from Hubei, China.A. who B. what C. which【2011广东深圳】57. Are these books _.？ No. they are not mine. They belong to _.A. your, her B. yours, her C. you, hers D. yours, she【2011广西梧州】58. Kelly often helps _ with my math.A. my B. I C. me D. mine【2011贵州毕节】59Mike，is this Toms pencil? Oh，yes，it is ！Amine Bhers Cyours Dhis【2011湖南湘西】60. Whats your favorite subject? _ favorite subject is P.E. A. His B. Her C. My【2011辽宁沈阳】61. Jack is a famous writer. new book is very popular.A. My B. Your C. Her D. His【2011四川雅安】62.Whose comic book is this? Its _.A. her B. my C. his D. our【2011黑龙江大庆】63. I dont like _of the sweaters. Please show me a third one.A. both B. either C. one D. all【2011辽宁本溪】64. I need a dictionary. Who has got _? A. oneB. itC. thatD. this【2011广西崇左】65.I feel my stomach terrible.I think I ate _at lunch time . A. something bad . B. something good C. bad something D. good something 【2011广西贵港】66.What do you think of the two backpacks? _ of them are very nice. A. Either B. Both C. Each D. All【2011广西贺州】67. Is that _ _ schoolbag? No. _ _is white.A. his, His B. her, His C. he, His D. her, Her【2011广东河源】68.Mom,Bill is coming to dinner this evening. OK. Lets give him _ to eat. A. anything different B. different anything C. something different C. different something【2011贵州遵义】69.She rose from being a nobody t