牛津英语8b被动语态讲练结合.doc

牛津英语 8b 被动语态讲练结合教学提纲与过程一、基本情况：英语的语态有主动语态和被动语态两种，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。二、构成：陈述句：主语+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（be有人称、数和时态的变化）肯定句：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词否定句：主语+be+not+及物动词的过去分词一般疑问句：Be+主语+及物动词的过去分词+?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式+？三、被动语态的用法：1不知道动作的执行者是谁。2没有必要指出动作的执行者。3只需强调动作的承受者。四、主动语态变被动语态的基本步骤：1.将主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态中的主语，主动语态中的主语变为被动语态中的介词by的宾语2.将主动语态中的谓语动词变成“助动词be+该动词的过去分词”注意时态不变3.助动词要与新的主语保持“数”的一致；若主语和宾语是人称代词时，“格”应作相应的变化。如：Theworkersmakemachinesinthisfactory.主语谓语宾语其他成分Machinesaremadebytheworkersinthisfactory.主语谓语by的宾语其他成分五、各种形式的被动语态：（一）、各种时态的被动语态：1一般现在进行时的被动语态：构成：主语+助动词am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词Alotofbooksarekeptinourschoollibrary.一般过去时的被动语态：构成：主语+助动词was/were+及物动词的过去分词Athiefwascaughtlastnight.Theywereaskedtospeakatthemeeting.3.现在进行时的被动语态：构成：主语+助动词am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词Anewlibraryisbeingputupintheschoolnow.Themachinesarebeingrepaired.4.一般将来时的被动语态：构成：主语+will/begoingto+be+及物动词的过去分词TheOlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingin2008.现在完成时的被动语态：构成：主语+have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词Mybaghasbeenstolen.Thisairporthasneverbeenused.(二)、双宾语的被动语态：（1）含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时，常把那个指人的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语（2）也可把指物的直接宾语用作主语，但此时必须在间接宾语前面加上介词to或for。1.Hegavemeapen.Iwasgivenapenbyhim.Apenwasgiventomebyhim.2.Shedrewthemapictureyesterday.Theyweredrawnapictureyesterday.Apicturewasdrawnforthemyesterday.注意：give,pass,lend,write,showtell等动词后的介词用todraw,buy,make,find,cook,keep等动词后的介词用for（三）复合宾语的被动语态：若主动语态的句子为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”则变为“宾作主，宾补变主补”IaskedhimtohelpmewithmyEnglish.HewasaskedtohelpmewithmyEnglish.注意：感觉动词和使役动词在主动句中其后的动词不定式不带to，但变被动句时to必须还原。Thebossmadeherworkfor16hoursaday.Shewasmadetoworkfor16hoursbyherbossaday.类似的词有：ask,tell,invent,except,warn,advise,make,let,hear,see,watch,feel,notice.但类似seesb.doingsth.的句子时则这样变：Ihearhimreadingintheroom.Hewasheardreadingintheroombyme.特殊情况的被动语态：1.带双宾语的被动语态：动词+sb(间宾)+sth(直宾)口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to/for间宾连。1).give/pass/show与介词to搭配。givesbsthsb+begivensth或sth+begiven+tosb.2).buy/make/cook与介词for搭配。buysbsthsb+bebought+sth或sth+bebought+forsbHegavemeabookI_abookbyhim.Abook_mebyhim.Mymothermademeacake.I_acakebymymotherAcake_mebymymother.2.带省to的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+sb+dosth.口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去，被动语态to回来。动词：make/let/have/see/hear/feel/watchmakesbdosth-sb+be+made+todosthThebossmadetheworkersworkalldayTheworkers_workalldaybytheboss.3.see/hear/notice/keep+sb+doingsth句型中变被动语态时doing不变。IheardTomsingingjustnowTom_bymejustnow.4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。Weshouldtakecareoftheold.Theoldshould_.有些词组没有被动语态：sellwell,writewell,ridewell,drivewellwashwell（四）、短语动词的被动语态：有些短语动词相当于及物动词，可以有被动语态。但要注意，短语动词是一个不可分割的词组，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉词组末尾的介词或副词。1.Theteacherstakegoodcareofthechildren.Thechildrenaretakengoodcareof(bytheteachers).2.Theyhavesentforthedoctor.Thedoctorhasbeensentfor.(五)、含有情动词的被动语态：(hadbetter,wouldlike,haveto,beableto,begoingto)构成：“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”Wemustplanttrees.Treesmustbeplanted.肯定句：Bookscanbetakenoutofthelibrary.否定句：Bookscantbetakenoutofthelibrary.疑问句：Canbooksbetakenoutofthelibrary?(六)、以下情况的主动语态不能变为被动语态：不及物动词及部分短语动词词组(takeplace;happen;breakout;belongto)没有被动语态，因为没有宾语可变作主语。Thestoryhappenedin1999.Afirebrokeoutinhishouse.Thedictionarybelongstome.ThemeetingwilltakeplacenextMonday.=ThemeetingwillbeheldnextMonday.2表状态的动词（cost;last;takehave;sell;fit;become等）不能用于被动语态。Thepencostsfiveyuan.Coldweatherlastslong.Thiskindofdictionarysellswell.3.当宾语和谓语是一个不可分割的整体时。Wehadaswimintheriveryesterday.Theteacherwalkedintotheclassroom.4.当宾语为动词不定式或Ving时。Iwanttowritealetter.Shefinishedreadingthebook.5.当宾语是反身代词或相互代词时。Youshouldtakecareofyourself.Theyoftenhelpeachother.6.当宾语起状语作用时，表示数量、长度、大小、程度、地点、或处所及方位之类时。Thecoatcost100yuan.（表数量）Ipaidtenyuanforthedictionary.7.当系动词作谓语时。look,seem,sound,smell,taste,feel,get,turn,become,keep,is,fall等）Helooksworried.Theflowerssmellgood.一、单项选择：( )1.English_inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken( )2.ThisEnglishsong_bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung( )3.Thiskindofcar_inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade( )4.Newcomputers_allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused( )5.Ourroommust_clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep( )6.Anewhouse_atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding( )7.Doctors_ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed( )8.Japanese_ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking( )9.Thesepapers_yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten( )10.Thesportsmeeting_behelduntilnextweek.A.didntB.wontC.isntD.doesnt( )11._thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are( )12._thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do( )13.Why_totalkaboutityesterday?A.didntameetingholdB.wasntameetingheldC.wasntheldameetingD.ameetingwasntheld( )14.Whowasthebook_?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby( )15.Where_theseboxesmade?A.wasB.wereC.isD.am( )16.Theflowers_often. A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater( )17.Thebooksmay_fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow( )18.Theteachermadehim_hishomework.A.todoB.doC.didD.done( )19.Theboy_streetswithoutpayingintheolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean( )20.Thesechildren_dance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto( )21.Greatchanges_inthepasttenyearsinChina.A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace( )22.Greatchanges_inourcountryduringthepast20years.A.havehappenedB.happenedC.havebeenhappenedD.werehappened( )23.Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone_.A.isbrokenB.isbreakingC.brokeD.broken( )24.Thestorybooks_bythewriterinthe1960s.A.arewrittenB.werewrittenC.arewritingD.werewriting( )25.Whattime_thedoor_everyday?A.does;closedB.does;closeC.is;closedD./;close( )26.Theapple_verysweet.A.istastedB.tasteC.tastesD.aretasting( )27.You_morebeautifulinthelightblueshirt.A.seeB.watchC.lookD.lookat( )28.Howdirtythetablesare!Theyneed_.A.tocleanB.cleanC.cleaningD.cleaned( )29.Thebrokenbike_herebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended( )30.Theoldbridgeinmyhometown_nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt( )31.Theplay_atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown( )32.Nowthesemagazines_inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept( )33.Tea_inthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow( )34.Wetclothesareoften_upnearafireinrainyweather.A.hangB.hangedC.