自考外语教学法之交际法

精选文库What are the main features of the Communicative Approach?Halliday described seven basic functions that language performs. Please write out any five of them.What are the roles of the learner in the communicative approachWhat are the roles of the teacher in the Communicative ApproachWhat theories of language are used by the Communicative Approach as its theoretical basis?What are the objectives of the Communicative ApproachWhat are the integrating language skills often used in the Communicative Approach?What language ability does Hymes “communicative competence” refer to?Describe the five principles to characterize the Communicative Approach according to David Nunan. Cite one example to illustrate one of these principlesWhat are the distinguishing features of the Notional-Functional Syllabus?What are the four dimensions in terms of language competence entailed in the Communicative Approach according to Canale and Swain?What are the main features of the Communicative ApproachFrom the mid-1970s the key concept in educational linguistics and language pedagogy is that of _.A. commnication or communicative competenceB. motivation in learning a foreign languageC. independence and autonomy in learningD. language acquisition through the use of active trialAccording to some functional linguist, some utterance has no meaning at all if it is out of the context of _situation_.The relationship between the grammatical forms and their functions is not a _one- to- one_ correspondence.A single form can express a number of _functions_ and a single communicative function can be expressed by a number of _forms_.In Hymess views, “communicative competence” refers to the ability not only to apply grammatical rules of a language in order to form _grammatically_ correct sentences but also to know when and where to use these sentences and to whom_.In Malinowskis opinion, an utterance has no _ at all if it is out of the context of situation.A. form B. meaningC. content D. format_ refers to the interpretation of individual message elements in terms of their interconnectedness and of how meaning is represented in relationship to the text.A. Grammatical competence B. Sociolinguistic competenceC. Discourse论述，交谈competence D. Strategic competence_pragmatics_ is particularly interested in the relationship between sentences and the contexts and situations in which they are used.Hymes holds that communicative competence refers to the _ability_ not only to form grammatically correct sentences but also to know when, where, and to whom to use them.According to Canal and Swain, discourse_ competence refers to the interpretation of individual message elements in terms of their interconnectedness and of how meaning is represented in relationship to the entire discourse or text. According to Canal and Swain, _ socialinguistic competence_ refers to an understanding of the social contexts in which communication takes place. _ discourse _ analysis is the study of how sentences in spoken and _ language form larger meaningful units such as paragraphs, conversations, and interviews.To teach a foreign language well, we must divide it into small _ units.The_tenor_ of discourse means, according to Halliday, the participants who are taking part in the communication.According to Canal and Swain, _grammatical_competence refers to what Chomsky called “linguistic competence”.According to Canal and Swain, communicative competence entails four dimensions. They are grammatical competence, _dislourse_competence, _socialinguisitic_competence and strategic competence.The Communicative Approach is essentially a manifestation of the . A.1950s B.1960sC.1970sD.1980s Language meaning depends to a large extent on the contexts in which speech acts occurred. A. linguistic B. grammatical C. culturalD. socioculturalThe most obvious characteristic of the Communicative Approach is that almost everything is done with a communicative . A. situationB. setting C. informationD. intent_discourse analysis_ becomes an indispensable part of Communicative Language Teaching.Many proponents of the Communicative Approach advocate the use of _ materials in the language classrooms.（ ）AclassicBauthenticCmodernDoral_ is particularly interested in the relationship between sentences and the contexts and situation in which they are used.（ ）ATransformational GrammarBPragmaticsCStructuralismDThe Situational ApproachAccording to Morrow, activities that are truly communicative have three features. They are information gap, _ and _（ ）Achoice, feedbackBchoice, situationCsituation, discourseDdiscourse, functionIn the Communicative Approach group and pair work is favoured to _ the time allotted to each student to practice the use of language.（ ）AminimizeBshortenCmaximizeDreduceTalking about pictures on the blackboard in the classroom is _. A. a language exerciseB. a communicative activity C. both of the twoD. neither of the twoThe language teaching that emphasizes linguistic accuracy only will produce students who are _ competent and communicatively _. A. structurally, competentB. structurally, incompetent C. communicatively, competent D. communicatively, incompetent According to M.A.K. Halliday, which of the following should NOT be taken into consideration in terms of linguistic events?A. Form. B. Context.C. Substance. D. Culture.Who first used the term “communicative competence” in deliberate contrast to Chomskys “linguistic competence”?A. Stern B. Asher C. KrashenD. HymesThe educational perspectives in the Communicative Approach evolved alongside the significant developments in linguistics, _ and psychology.According to Canale and Swain, communicative competence includes four dimensions: grammatical, discourse, sociolinguistic and _strategic_ competence.The Communicative Approach to foreign language teaching stresses the communicative _ in learning.A. competenceB. abilityC. performance D. skill Sociolinguistic competence refers to an understanding of the _ in which communication takes place.A. social behaviorB. linguistic contextC. social contextD. linguistic performance Charles Fries applied the principles of _ linguistics to language teaching.Notions are domains in which people use language to express _thought_ and feeling. _pragmatics_ is especially interested in the relationships between sentences and the contexts and situations in which they are used.Strategic competence refers to the coping of various strategies which communicators employ to start, end, keep, repair and re-direct _communication_.One of the study areas in pragmatics is how utterances are affected by the relationship between _. A. the speakers B. the hearers C. the reader and the writer D. the speaker and the hearerMost schools of the Communicative Approach share the view that language is used for communication, and they are primarily concerned with the _ rather than the structure. A. communication B. meaning C. interaction D. participantsThe Notional-Functional Syllabus is a syllabus, not a _method_. According to Hymes, linguistic theory is one incorporating communication and _culture_.P176In Malinowskis view, “the meaning of any single word is to a very high degree dependent on its _.” A. form B. contextC. content D. formatThe Communicative Approach is essentially a manifestation of the most explicit debate in pedagogy in the UK during the _.A. 1950s B. 1960sC. 1970s D. 1980sThe Communicative Approach in language teaching begins with a theory of language as _.A. performance B. communicationC. speech D. competenceAccording to the discourse theory, only through _ discourse can the learner acquire the second language.The relationship between the grammatical forms and the communicative _competence_is carefully explored in a communicative perspective. In a Communicative Approach classroom, students need to know both the rules of the language and the rules of language _.One of the five points initiated by David Nunan to characterize the Communicative Approach is an emphasis on learning to communicate through _ in the target language.A. speakingB. writingC. interactionD. role-playWho first used the term “communicative competence” in deliberate contrast to Chomskys “linguistic competence”?A. Stern.B. Asher.C. Krashen.D. Hymes.wo indispensable parts of the Communicative Language Teaching are supposed to be _.A. presentations and pragmaticsB. discourse analysis and drillsC. discourse analysis and pragmaticsD. drills and presentationsIn the views of language suggested by J. R. Firth and M. A. K. Halliday, which of the following does NOT receive the priority importance?A. Meaning.B. Context.C. Setting.D. Form.Notional Syllabus, written by Wilkins, is a book which has a significant impact on the development of the _communicative_ Language Teaching._disclosure_ competence refers to the interpretation of individual message elements in terms of their interconnectedness and of how meaning is represented in relationship to the text.It is Halliday that made the London School of Linguistics one of the most competitive _linguistic_ theories in the world. Halliday advocates that the social context of language use can be analyzed in terms of the field, tenor and mode of_.A. context B. discourseC. content D. situationHenry Widdowson focused on the communicative acts underlying the ability to use language for different purposes with his _dinction_ between appropriacy and accuracy, communicative competence and grammatical competence, use and usage.An understanding of the social context in which communication takes place is referred to as _ competence.The teacher in a Communicative Approach classroom plays four major roles. What are they?According to Halliday, which of the following should NOT be accounted for in terms of linguistic events?A. Form.B. Context.C. Substance.D. Culture.The criticism by those advocating the Communicative Approach was that teaching language with its focus on grammar produced structurally competent students who were often incompetent _.A. communicativelyB . in societyC. in interpretingD. lexicallyWays of integrating language skills in a Communicative Approach classroom are listening and _note-taking_, oral presentation, project work, role-play and simulation, etc.The general purpose of the Communicative Approac