宾语从句object.docx

宾语从句objectclause： 一.定义definition：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。二.连接词connections：that:Ithinkthatyoucanpasstheexam.Whether/if:Idontknowwhatthewordmeans.“Wh”:Idontknowwhatthewordmeans.Idontknowwherehefoundthebook.只用whether的情况：1.与ornot连用：Idontknowwhetheritsrainingornot.2.与动词不定式连用：Hedoesntknowwhethertoaccepttheinvitation.3.连接词前有介词时：Itdependsonwhetherheiscoming.三.时态tenses:1.主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)Shewantstoknowwhathehasdonefortheexam.2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。1）Shesaidthatshewasastudent.2）ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.3）Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.3.如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.定语从句Attributiveclause：1.定义：在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句2.先行词指人who/that先行词指物which/that3.定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）后4.关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词5.翻译方法“.的”Eg.1.Yesterdayweboughtabookwhichisreallyhardtounderstand.2.ThestudentswhoarefromMapleLeafSchoollikelearningEnglish.Whom:先行词指人，则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语（包括介词的宾语）,与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom1.Thisistheteacherwhomwhowelikebest.2.Idontliketheboytowhomyouaretalking.Whose:指人或物，作定语，表示“的”eg:Harryistheboywhosemotherisourmathteacher. 关系代词只能that的特殊情况:1.先行词前有序数词修饰时：Thisisthefirstgiftthatmyparentsboughtme.2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时：ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.3.先行词是不定代词something,anything等.e.g.Isthereanythingthatyouwantinthisshop4.先行词是人和物时,用that.e.g.Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntousall.5.先行词被all,little,theonly,thevery(就是，正是),thelast等词修饰时,只能用thate.g.ThisisthelastplacethatIwanttovisit.6.特殊疑问句以who或which开头，只能用that引导.Whoisthegirlthatismakingaspeechontheplatform?当关系代词前使用介词时：物+介词+which人+介词+whom当关系代词前使用介词时：e.g.1.ThisisthetrainbywhichwewenttoBeijing.2.Thisistheteachertowhommymotheristalking.状语从句：Adverbialclauses定义:在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。状语从句一般分为八大类时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句方式状语从句让步状语从句1.时间状语从句When-当时候,通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。WhenIopenedthewindow,Isawhimcomeup.When-正在的时候，突然。通常主句是进行时或beaboutto时，在翻译的时候，when可以译成没想到或突然。Iwaswalkingalongthestreet,whenImethim.When当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。SomeoneknockedatthedoorwhenIwashavingbreakfast.When=afterWhenthechildrenhadgonetobed,shebegantoprepareherlessons.While-在期间，往往指一段时间。WhilewewereinAmerica,wesawhimtwice.While-表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。Wearecleaningtheclassroomwhiletheyareplayingthefootball.As-一边一边,随着Shewasdoingherhomeworkasshewaslisteningtothemusic.As-当时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。AsIwasgoingout,itbegantorain.Themoment-一就=assoonas,immediately,-DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?-Yes,IgaveherthemomentIsawher.Notuntil-直到才Hedidntleavetheofficeuntilhefinishedthework.Before-在之前Thepassengersshouldarriveattheairportanhourbeforetheflightdeparts.After-在之后Thecustomerlefttheticketcounterafterhehadaquarrelwiththeticketagent.Since-自从,通常主句用现在完成时IhaveneverbeenthereagainsinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.Itisjustaweeksincewearrivedhere.Assoonas-一就Jackwenttoschoolassoonashegotwell.Nosoonerthan-一就nosoonerthan用于句首要求倒装HardlywhenScarcelywhenNosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.Once-一但就Onceyouseehim,youwillneverforgethim.Everytime,eachtime每次whenever每当Eachtimehecametotown,hewouldvisitourschool.2.条件状语从句引导状语从句的连接词有:If如果,unless除非,aslongas只要,As(so)faras-据所知，incase万一,providedthat假如,onconditionthat若是，以为条件If-如果Ifyoudonthurryup,youwillmisstheplane.Unless-如果不,除非=ifnotWecantgetthereontimeunlesswebooktheearliestflightAslongas-只要Wewillsucceedaslongaswekeepontrying.As(so)faras-据所知AsfarasIknow,hespeaksEnglishverywell.Incase-假使,如果Theplanecannottakeoffincaseitrains.Providedthat如果,有时省略thatTheplanewillbeingoodconditionprovidedthatitistakencareofcarefully.Onconditionthat-条件是Hesaidthathewouldcometothemeetingonconditionthatnooneaskedhimtospeak.注:主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。Ifhearrivestomorrow,Iwillbewaitingforhimattheairport.3.地点状语从句地点状语从句只有两个连词:Where,whereverWhere-在地方Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Wherever-无论哪里Whereveryouare,Iwillberighttherewaitingforyou.4.原因状语从句because,as,since,nowthat,和consideringthat,seeingthat这六个连词都用于表示表示原因,但在语气上一个比一个弱.Because-因为,通常从句放在主句后.MrSmithwasveryupsetbecausehecouldntfindhisluggage.As-因为,通常放在句首Asheishonestandmodest,allhisfriendslikehim.Since-既然因语气较弱,常译为既然(众所周知的原因)Sinceeverybodyhascome,wecansetoff.Nowthat-既然Nowthatyouarehere,youcanjoinus.consideringthat-顾及到Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.seeingthat-由于Seeing(that)quiteafewpeoplewereabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.5.结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：that,sothat,sothatsuchthatSothat-太以至于so后面应用形容词或副词,有时省略so只用thatBoeing747issolargethatpeopleliketocallitjetbomb喷气炸弹.Sothat-因而，以便，为了有时so可以省去Speaklouderpleasesothatthepeopleatthebackcanhearyou.Suchthat-太以至于用法与sothat相同，但such后面应用名词。Theforeignvisitorwassuchafastspeakerthatnobodycouldunderstandhim.6.目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的主要连词有:that,sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest(So)that-以便,从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can,could,may,might,should等Letstakethefrontseats(so)thatwemayseemoreclearly.inorderthat-为了,与sothat相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can,could,may,might,should等Schoolwasclosedearlyinorderthatthechildrenmightgohomeaheadofthestorm.forfearthat-生怕;为了防止(某事发生)Hetookthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.incase-万一Youshouldbringadictionaryincaseyouneedit.Lest-以防万一Themandecidedtotellhisbossthefactlesthewouldbeangrywithhim.7.让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词有：Although,though,as,evenif,eventhough,nomatter,however,whatever,while,whether.Although,though-虽然although和though可以互换，但although常放在句首。Though可以用于倒装。Althoughitwasraining,theplanemanagedtotakeoff.Thoughhedidhisbest,hedidntsucceed.As-尽管as引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。可与though互换。Busyashei