山东省高密市第三中学高中英语 Unit 1 Friendship Practice定语从句课件 新人教版必修1.ppt

定语从句 practice 2 practice定语从句 2 answers1 bbadc 6 bbccd 11 acacd 16 caadc 21 bddcb 26 dbabb 31 bdbcd 36 dbddd 要点提示 定义 关系词分类 关系词的基本用法和注意点 介词 which whom引导的定语从句 关系副词when where和why的用法 非限制性定语从句 一 定语从句的基本定义 放在名词或代词后面 由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 被修饰的词叫先行词 一 定语从句的基本定义 theboywhoisreadingistom 先行词 关系代词 hospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks 先行词 关系副词 二 关系词的分类 关系代词 6个 2 关系副词 3个 关系代词在定语从句中作主语 宾语 表语和定语 常用的关系代词有 that which who whom whose as 关系副词在定语从句中作状语 常用的关系副词有 when where why 三 关系代词的基本用法和注意点 1 关系代词的基本用法 主 宾 表 主 宾 主 宾 表 宾 定 主 宾 who指人 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 作宾语时 可省略 theman who italkedwithisourteacher apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief whom指人 在定语从句中作宾语 可省略 theman whom inoddedtoismr li who whom which指物 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 作宾语时 可省略 thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear thisrecorder which heisusingismadeinjapan which heistheman that itoldyouabout that指人或物 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 作宾语时 可省略 aplaneisamachinethatcanfly that 总结 定语从句的省略在定语从句中 引导词that which who whom作宾语时可以省略 as指人或物 在定语从句中作主语或者宾语 不可省略 as引导限制性定语从句时 多与such或thesame连用 ijusthavethesamefeelingasyouhave suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays whose whose指人或物 在定语从句中作定语 不可省略 weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth thisisthelittlegirlwhoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake whose 2 关系代词的用法注意点 1 that和which都可以指物 但以下5种情况只能用that不能用which 当先行词中有人又有物时 如 doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout 2 关系代词用法注意点 1 只能用that不能用which的5种情况 当先行词为不定代词all one few little no some any everything nothing nobody none等时 如 thisisallthatiwantfromtheschool 当先行词被only just very right last等修饰时 如 thisistheverybookthatiamlookingforthesedays 当先行词被最高级修饰时 如 thetvtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity 当先行词被序数词修饰时 如 thefirstlessonthatilearnedwillneverbeforgotten 2 用which不用that的情况有 引导非限制性定语从句时 只用which 如 helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestson which ofcourse makesothersenvyhim 当动词短语中的介词提前时 只用which 如 thisisthehouseinwhichluxunoncelived 3 that和who都可以指人 但下面两种情况 多用who 2 用who不用that的情况 先行词为all one ones等时 如 allwhoheardthenewswereexcited 先行词为those anyone he和people时 如 thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere hewhodoesnotreachthegreatwallisnotatrueman 4 whose引导的定语从句注意点 whose引导定语从句 其后应紧跟名词 构成名词短语 whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作主语 宾语或表语 如 thebossinwhosedepartmenttomworkedhadheardthenews 汤姆工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息 3 whose引导的定语从句注意点 whose的先行词指物时 可用ofwhich代替 但语序不同 即whose 名词 the 名词 ofwhich或 ofwhich the 名词 如 thenovelwhosetitle thetitleofwhich或ofwhichthetitle isredandblackisveryinteresting whose引导的定语从句 其先行词既可以指人也可以指物 whose的先行词指人时 可用ofwhom代替 但语序不同 即whose 名词 the 名词 ofwhom 或 ofwhom the 名词 如 theboywhosemother themotherofwhom或ofwhomthemother isadoctorismyfriend 5 关系代词在从句中作主语时 从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致 如 thosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourhands tomisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedbytheteacheryesterday tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedbytheteacheryesterday 4 从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致 thescientistwhowemetyesterdayisveryfamouswhomintheworld that 2 thedressisnew sheiswearingit thedresswhichsheiswearingisnew that 1 thescientistisveryfamousintheworld wemetheryesterday 巩固练习 1 用定语从句合并句子 巩固练习1 用定语从句合并句子 3 heisthekindperson ihaveeverworkedwithhim 4 thisisthebestfilm ihaveeverseenthisfilm heisthekindpersonwhoihaveeverworkedwith whomthat thisisthebestfilmthatihaveeverseen 1 thegirl isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter 2 thegirl ourteacheristalkingwithisafamoussinger 3 thegirl motherisateachercanspeakenglishverywell 4 ican tfindthebook isborrowedfromthelibrary 5 ican tfindthebook youlenttome who that who whom that 不填 whose which that that which 不填 巩固练习 2 用适当的关系词填空 四 介词 which whom引导的定语从句 1 介词的选用原则 根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定 thisisthebookonwhichispent8dollars thisisthebookforwhichipaid8dollars 2 根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定 irememberthedayonwhichijoinedtheparty irememberthedaysduringwhichilivedthere 2 当介词放在关系代词前面时 关系代词只能用whom 指人 或which 指物 且关系代词不能省略 themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor ican tfindthepenwithwhichiwaswriting 3 当介词位于定语从句末尾时 可用which that 指物 who whom that 指人 作从句中介词的宾语 而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略 whom who that 不填 which that 不填 dadisaperson icaneasilytalkto isthistheplay youweretalkingaboutjustnow 4 在一些固定搭配的动词短语中 由于动词和介词不可分割 因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前 如 thisisthewatch that which iamlookingfor thebabies who whom that thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy 5 介词 关系代词 结构引导非限制性定语从句 一般有以下几种结构 1 名词 介词 关系代词 theyliveinahouse thedoorofwhichfacessouth 2 代词 介词 关系代词 therearefourstudentsintheclassroom allofwhomareworkinghard 3 数词 介词 关系代词 lastsundayiboughtabookfromthebookstore threeofwhichwereenglishnovels 4 形容词比较级 最高级 介词 关系代词 chinahasthousandsofislands thelargestofwhichistaiwan 5 复合介词短语 which whom 引导的定语从句 常与先行词用逗号隔开 这种定语从句常用倒装语序 如 helivedinabighouse infrontofwhichstoodabigappletree 6 介词 which whom 不定式 结构 引导的定语从句 如 thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichtolive thepoormanhasnohousetolivein thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive 7 1 先行词是theway 意为 方式 方法 时 引导定语从句的关系词如果作方式状语 则用that inwhich或省略不填 ididn tliketheway shetalkedtome theway heteachesenglishisinteresting that inwhich 不填 that inwhich 不填 2 关系词如果作主语 则用that which 如果作宾语 则用that which或者省略不填 thisistheway hehasgivenus that which 不填 五 关系副词when where和why的用法 用关系副词when时 先行词指时间 when在定语从句中作时间状语 when可换成 介词 关系代词 如 istillrememberthedaywhen onwhich ifirstcametonanjing myfatherwasbornintheyearwhen inwhich worldwar brokeout 1 when 用关系副词where时 先行词指地点 where在定语从句中作地点状语 where可换成 介词 关系代词 如 thisisthefarmwhere onwhich weworkedwhenwewereyoung theschoolwhere inwhich hismotherteachesisinthewestofthecity 2 where 用关系副词why时 先行词指原因 why在定语从句中作原因状语 why可换成 介词 关系代词 如 thereareseveralreasonswhy forwhich theboysshouldbepunished tomcouldn tgivetheteacherthereasonwhy forwhich hewaslateforschool 3 why 4 关系副词的用法注意点 1 当先行词为time 表示 次数 时 应用关系词that或省略 如 thisisthefirsttime that thepresidenthasvisitedthecountry 2 当point situation case等词作先行词表示 情况 境地 场合 等意思时 其后常由where引导定语从句 where在句中作状语 如 canyouthinkofasituationwherethisphrasecanbeused 1 巩固练习 用适当的关系词填空 1 october1 1949wastheday chinawasfounded 2 beijingistheplace icame 3 isthisthereason hedidn twanttoseeme when onwhich where fromwhich why forwhich 4 isthistheroom wewerelivinglastwinter 5 thedaysaregone weused foreignoil 6 yesterday wehadameeting wediscussedmanyproblems where inwhich when duringwhich atwhich where 2 对比练习 用适当的关系词填空 1 theroom heoncelivedisstillthere theroom ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother where inwhich that which 2 iwillneverforgettheday imetyou iwillneverforgettheday wespenttogether when onwhich that which thereason idon tknowisknowntohim that which 不填 why forwhich 3 thereason idon tknowthethingisthatiwasnotthereatthattime 六 非限制性定语从句 1 非限制性定语从句的定义 非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明 如果去掉 主句的意思仍然完整或清楚 它和主句之间的关系比较松散 因此常用逗号隔开 mywatch whichisveryold stoppedagain 2 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 1 限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切 若省去 主句的意思就不明确 主从句之间不用逗号隔开 而非限制性定语从句则不然 试比较 thisisthebestbookthatihaveread thisisagoodbook whichiseasytounderstand 2 限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词 而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词 也可以是部分或整个主句的意思 此时 一般用关系代词as或which引导 4 在非限制性定语从句中 不能省略关系代词 而在限制性定语从句中则可以 3 限制性定语从句可以用关系代词that引导 而非限制性定语从句则不能 3 关系代词as which引导非限制定语从句时的区别 1 as和which都可指主句的整个意思 而不是主句中的某一个词 as引导的非限制性定语从句 既可在主句前 又可在主句后 有时还可插入主句中 而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于主句之后 如 theweatherturnedouttobeverygood whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect asisknowntoall themoontravelsroundtheearth 试比较 1 isknowntoallthatthemoontravelsroundtheearth 2 isknowntoallisthatthemoontravelsroundtheearth it what 2 as多用于下列习惯用语中 asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那样asiswellknown asisknowntoall众所周知aswehaveexpected正如我们所预料的那样asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样ashasbeensaidbefore如上