北京市五十七中学高中英语 Unit 3 Celebrations被动语态课件 北师大版必修1.ppt

一 语态分类 英语动词有两种语态 主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 如 theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver 主动 anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver 被动 汉语中常用 被 给 由 受 等词用来表示被动 而英语用 助动词be 及物动词的过去分词构成 被动语态常用的八种时态1 一般现在时 peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry theschooldoesn tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher 2 一般过去时 theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth thestudentsdidn tforgethislessonseasily hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten 3 一般将来时 theywillsendcarsabroadbysea carswillbesentabroadbysea theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool leavers plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool leavers 4 过去将来时 themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible 5 现在进行时 theradioisbroadcastingenglishlessons englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastontheradio wearepaintingtherooms theroomsarebeingpainted 6 过去进行时 whydidn ttheydrivethereontime becausetheworkersweremendingtheroad becausetheroadwasbeingmended thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear 7 现在完成时 someonehastoldmethesportsmeetmightbeputoff ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetmightbeputoff wehavebroughtdowntheprice thepricehasbeenbroughtdown 8 过去完成时 whenigottothetheatre ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets whenigottothetheatre ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader 9 含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的被动语态是由 情态动词 be 及物动词的过去分词 构成 youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim 被动语态 我们知道 被动语态是由be done 动词的过去分词 构成的被动语态构成比较 10 动词不定式的被动语态betodo betobedonebegoingtodo begoingtobedonebeabouttodo beabouttobedoneeg heistoreadanovelanovelistobereadbyhimtheyaregoingtoholdameetingtomorrow ameetingisgoingtobeheldtomorrow theyareabouttoshootthemurderer themurderdrisabouttobeshotbythem 1 thepolicefoundthatthehouse andalotofthings a hasbrokeninto hasbeenstolenb hadbrokeninto hadbeenstolenc hasbeenbrokeninto stolend hadbeenbrokeninto stolen 2 ifcitynoises fromincreasing people shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow a arenotkept willhavetob arenotkept havetoc donotkeep willhavetod donotkeep haveto d practice a 3 thesportsmeetmightbeputoff yes italldependsontheweather a i vebeentoldb i vetoldc i mtoldd itold 4 themathsproblem amongthestudentssoon a isabouttobediscussb isgoingtobediscussedc istodiscussd isgoingtohavebeendiscussed a b 一 语态转换时要注意的问题1 把主动语态变为被动语态时 其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致 其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致 wehaveboughtanewcomputer anewcomputerhasbeenbought 正确 anewcomputerhavebeenbought 错误 2 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时 可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语 另一个不动 一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多 myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday 如果把直接宾语 指物 改为主语 则在间接宾语 指人 前加适当的介词 如上句还可以说 apresentwasgiventomeyesterday 保留宾语 注意 一般在下列动词后 常在间接宾语前用介词to 如 bring give lend offer pass promise sell show teach tell等 thecupwithmixturewasshowedtotheclass mybikewaslenttoher 一般在下列动词后 间接宾语前用介词for 如 buy cook choose fetch get make order 等 mothermademeanewskirt anewskirtwasmadeforme themeatwascookedforus 3 由动词 介词或副词构成的短语动词 要把它们作为整体看 即把它们看成一个及物动词 介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉这类动词有laughat operateon lookafter makefunof makeuseoftakecareof carryout giveup handin pointout putaway putoff turndown workout talkabout等 thepatientisbeingoperatedon theproblemissolved itneedn tbetalkedabout hisrequestwasturneddown thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather achildistakengoodcareof 4 带复合宾语 宾语 宾补 的动词改为被动语态时 一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语 而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面 如 a 动词 宾语 adjwealwayskeeptheclassroomclean theclassroomisalwayskeptclean b 动词 宾语 ntheychosetomcaptain tomwaschosencaptainc 动词 宾语 todoshetoldustofollowherinstructions weweretoldtofollowherinstructions d 动词 宾语 doingifoundhimlyingonthefloor hewasfoundlyingonthefloore 动词 宾语 donewefoundallourseatsoccupied allourseatswerefoundoccupied 注意 在see watch hear notice listento lookat make feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to 但改成被动语态后都带to weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar hismothermakeshimcleantheroomeveryday heismadetocleantheroomeveryday 二 某些动词用主动表被动 1 thepicturelooksbeautiful 这里的look是表状态特征的连系动词 它后面要求跟形容词或名词构成系表结构 其主动形式表被动含义 感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义 如 feel look seem taste sound remain turnout smell等 doyoulikethematerial yes itfeelsverysoft theflowerslookbeautifulwhathesaidsoundsreasonable therosessmellsweet themedicinetastesbitter 误 itisfeltverysoft thefoodtastesdelicious 误 thefoodistasteddelicious thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful 误 thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful 2 有些动词既是及物又是不及物 当它们和well badly easily等副词连用时 表示主语内在品质或性能 是不及物动词 用主动表示被动 这时不用被动语态 常见的有 write read clean sell dry wash cook wear等 如 theclothwasheseasily 这布很好洗 somesilkswashwellthenewproductsellswell 这新产品很畅销 thepenwritessmoothly 这支笔写字很流畅 thepoemreadsfluently theshoeswearwell thepapertearseasilythiskindofclothdriedeasily对比 thebookssellwell 主动句 thebooksweresoldout 被动句 themeatdidn tcookwell 主动句 themeatwascookedforalongtimeoverlowheat 被动句 3 want need require作 需要 解时及beworth inneedof后接动词 常用动名词的主动形式表被动含义 eg 1 theflowerneeds wants requireswatering yourhairneeds wants requirescuttingthecomputerneeds wants requiresreqairing2 thefilm musicisworthlisteningto 3 histeachingmethodisinneedofimproving 4 不定式在某些形容词后作状语且和句子的主语 或宾语 构成逻辑上的动宾关系时 thesentenceiseasytounderstand shefoundtheproblemhardtodealwith theboxisheavytoliftthepictureispleasanttolookatthenovelisinterestingtoread此类形容词 difficult comfortable pleasant fit interesting unfit light heavy dangerous etc 5 不定式作名词的后置定语 和被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系 同时和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系 不定式常用主动形式表被动含义 shehadonlyacoldroomtolivein ihaveameetingtoattend ihavealotofhomeworktodoshehasmanychildrentolookafterigavehimacaketoeatigavehimabooktoread 第一 一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态 如 takeplace comeabout breakout belongto consistof addupto comeintobeing cometrue turnout等 如 thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding 误 thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding greatchangeshavetakenplaceinchina 误 greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinchina 第二 不及物动词没有被动语态 如 rise happen succeed remain lie等 whenwegottothetopofthemountain thesunhadalreadyrisen 误 thesunhadalreadybeenrisen aftertheearthquake fewhousesremained 误 aftertheearthquake fewhouseswereremained 三 下列情况主动句不能改为被动句 例如 据说 itissaid thoughtthat 据报导 itisreportedthat 据推测 itissupposedthat 希望 itishopedthat 众所周知 itiswellknownthat 普遍认为 itisgenerallyconsideredthat 有人建议 itissuggestedthat 1 itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow 2 itiswellknownthatthomasedisoninventedtheelectriclamp 3 itissaidthatmr greenhasarrivedinbeijing 四 在汉语中 有一类句子不出现主语 在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示 五 英语中一些词的被动结构表主动意义 bedressedin beseatedin at beside nexttobeaddictedto bedeterminedtobedevotedto beabsorbedin bedisappointedat belostin beengagedin beoccupiedin befacedwitheg 1 sheisseatedonthesofa 2 addictedtosurfingtheinternet theboyoftenescapesfromclasses 3 determinedtogiveupsmoking hethrewawayhisremainingcigarettes 4 disappointedatfailinginthemathexam kentawouldn tliketotalkaboutittohisparents 5 judithlayonthesofa absorbedinherbook 六 介词in on under 名词短语表被动意义 常见的有 undercontrol undertreatment underrepair underdiscussion underconstruction beyondbelief beyondone sreach beyondone scontrol inprint insight onsale onshow ontrial outofcontrol outofsight outofone sreach outoffashion eg 1 thebuildingisunderconstruction isbeingconstructed 2 theplanewasoutofcontrol can tbecontrolled 3 theroadisunderrepair isbeingrepaired 4 todaysometreasuresareonshow arebeingshown inthemuseum 1 thenewdictionariesareveryuseful they welland already sell havebeensoldoutb sold hadsoldoutc sell selloutaresold havebeensoldout2 isawdaveinliftthismorning really he aroundhereforalongtime a won tbeseenb wasn tseec hasn tbeenseend hadn tbeenseen 3 thewindowisdirty iknow it forweeks hasn tcleanedb didn tcleanc wasn tcleanedd hasn tbeencleaned4 thehero sstory differentlyinthenewspapers wasreportedb wasreportingreportsd reported5 whydidyouleavethatposition i abetterpositionatibm offerb offeredc amofferedd wasoffered6 morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool abroadtostudymedicinelastyear a sentb weresentc hadsentd hadbeensent 7 thepoliceman sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich placedundertheminister scar hasbeenb wasbeingc hadbeend wouldbe8 millionsofpounds worthdamage byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofenglandlastnight a hasbeencausedb hadbeencausedc willbecausedd willhavebeencaused9 whentheoldman towalkbacktohishouse thesun itselfbehindthemountain started hadalreadyhiddenhadstarted hadalreadyhiddenc hadstarted washidingd wasstarting hid 10 thewater coolwhenijumpedintothepoolformorningexercise wasfeltb isfeltc feltd feels11 themomentthe28tholympicgames open thewholeworldcheered declaredb havebeendeclaredc havedeclaredd weredeclared12 mrgreenstoodupindefenceofthe16 year oldboy sayingthathewasnottheone blamedb blamingc toblamed tobeblamed 13 inaroomabovethestore whereaparty someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable a wastobeheldb hasbeenheldc willbeheldd isbeingheld14 idon tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit wellsurprisinglytheydo amanhasbeenarrestedand now a hasbeenquestionedb isbeingquestionedc isquestioningd hasquestioned15 thenewtypeofcellphone betterifitisadvertisedontv a willsellb sellsc wouldselld sold 16 thebridgewhich lastyearlooksreallybeautiful a wasbuiltb builtc wassetupd hadbeenbuilt17 thiscloth welland long ok i lltakeit a washes lastsb iswashed lastedc washes islastedd iswashing lasting18 anexhibitionofpaintings atthemuseumnextweek a aretobeheldb istobeheldc areholdingd willhold 19 i msorry sir yourrecorderisn treadyyet it inthefactory a isbeingrepairedb isrepairedc hasbeenrepairedd hasn trepaired20 everypossiblemeans butnoneprovesuccessful a hastriedb hasbeentriedc isbeingtriedd tried21 mylittlesisterhasbrokenmywatch mywatch bymylittlesister a isbrokenb hasbrokenc havebeenbrokend hasbeenbroken 22 hewascleaninghisroomwhenienteredthehouse hisroom byhimwhenienteredtheroom a wasbeingcleanedb wascleanedc wasbeingcleaningd hasbeencleaned23 ishallhavefinishedreadingthenovelbydinnertime thisnovel reading byme bydinnertimea willhavefinished b willhasbeenfinishedc willhavebeingfinishedd willhavebeenfinished24 yououghttokeepthesethreeroomsclean thesethreerooms byyou areoughtedtokeepcleanb oughttokeptcleanc oughttobekeptcleand oughttohavebeenkeptclean 1 thenewdictionariesareveryuseful they welland already sell havebeensoldoutb sold hadsoldoutc sell selloutaresold havebeensoldout2 isawdaveinliftthismorning really he aroundhereforalongtime a won tbeseenb wasn tseec hasn tbeenseend hadn tbeenseen 3 thewindowisdirty iknow it forweeks hasn tcleanedb didn tcleanc wasn tcleanedd hasn tbeencleaned4 thehero sstory differentlyinthenewspapers wasreportedb wasreportingreportsd reported5 whydidyouleavethatposition i abetterpositionatibm offerb offeredc amofferedd wasoffered6 morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool abroadtostudymedicinelastyear a sentb weresentc hadsentd hadbeensent 7 thepoliceman sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich placedundertheminister scar hasbeenb wasbeingc hadbeend wouldbe8 millionsofpounds worthdamage byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofenglandlastnight a hasbeencausedb hadbeencausedc willbecausedd willhavebeencaused9 whentheoldman towalkbacktohishouse thesun itselfbehindthemountain started hadalreadyhiddenhadstarted hadalreadyhiddenc hadstarted washidingd wasstarting hid 10 thewater coolwhenijoinedintothepoolformorningexercise wasfeltb isfeltc feltd feels11 themomentthe28tholympicgames open thewholeworldcheered declaredb havebeendeclaredc havedeclaredd weredeclared12 mrgreenstoodupindefenceofthe16 year oldboy sayingthathewasnottheone blamedb blamingc toblamed tobeblamed 13 inaroomabovethestore whereaparty someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable a wastobeheldb hasbeenheldc willbeheldd isbe