神经系统解答练习题及答案.doc

神经30大题 30 Nervous questionsNERVE1Describe the produce and circulation of the aqueous humor?Ciliary Body(produce)posterior chamber of eyepupilanterior chamber of eyeiridocorneal anglesinus venosus scleraeanterior ciliary veinophthalmic vein2Write the fiber components, origins and distribution of the oculomotor nerve?(1) n. (GSE), Nucleus of oculomotor, Superior, inferior and medial rectus; inferior obliquus; levator palpebrae superioris. (2) n. (GSE), Accessory nucleus of oculomotorSphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle; 3White out the fibers which the ventral posteromedial, ventral posterolateral nuclei, medial geniculate body and lateral geniculate body receive and send.ventral postromedial nuclei: receive:trigeminal lemnisucs send:central thalamic radiationsventral posterolateral nuclei: receive:medial lemnisucs, spinothalamic tract send: central thalamic radiationsmedial geniculate body: receive:acoustic fiber send:acoustic radiationlateral geniculate body: receive:optic tract send:optic radiation4White out the names of sinuses of dura mater, and the flowing of the blood in them (the direction can be used by )Superior sagital sinusInferior sagital sinus straight sinus confluence of sinusestransverse sinus sigmoid sinus internal jugular veinCavernous sinus superior petrosal sinus Inferior petrosal sinus5White out the names of the general somatic motor nuclei of the brain stem and the meatus or foramina from which their fibers leave the skull?Nucleus of oculomotor: Superior orbital fissure Nucleus of trochlear nerve: Superior orbital fissure Nucleus of abducent nerve: Superior orbital fissureNucleus of hypoglossal nerve: Hypoglossal canal 6White out the names and functions of the lemniscus of the brain stem?Ascending tracts:Medial lemniscus: the contralateral conscious proprioceptive and fine touch of trunk and limbsSpinal lemniscus: biolateral superficial sensory pathway of trunk and limbs?Trigeminal lemniscus: the contralateral superficial sensory of the head and faceLateral lemniscus: auditory senseDescending tracts:Pyramidal tract: (Corticospinal tract, Corticonuclear tract) the control of optionally movement7Which cranial motor nuclei are controlled by the bilateral corticonuclear tracts and which cranial motor nuclei are only controlled by the opposite corticonuclear tract?Bilateral: Nucleus of Oculomotor n. Nucleus of trochlear n. Nucleus of abducent n. Motor nucleus of trigeminal n. Nucleus ambiguous, Accessory nucleus, Nucleus of facial n. (superior half)Oppsite: Nucleus of hypoglossal n. Nucleus of facial n. (inferior part)8Write out the production place and the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid? (used by )9Describe the origin, crossing site and the function of the medial lemniscus?Medial lemniscus Origin: gracile and cuneate nucleiCrossing site:Function: pass the contralateral conscious proprioceptive and fine touch of trunk and limbs10Write out the names of the lobes of the cerebral hemisphere and the landmarks for dividing these lobes?frontal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, insular lobelandmarks:lateral sulcus,central sulcus,parietooccipital sulcus11Write out the production and discharge to tears.Lacrimal gland conjectiveal fornix lacrimal lacus lacrimal punctum lacrimal ductile lacrimal sac nasolacrimal duct nasal cavity12Please write out the name and position of general visceral motor nuclei in the brain stem?Accessory oculomotor nucleusMidbrainSuperior salivatory nucleus PonsInferior salivatory nucleus MedullaDorsal nucleus of vagus nerve medulla13Write out the external features of ventral surface of medulla oblongata?Pyramid 锥体 Decussation of pyramid 锥体交叉Olive 橄榄: overlying inferior olivary nucleus下橄榄核14Write out the name of arteries forming the cerebral arterial circle.anterior cerebral artery, anterior communicating artery, posterior cerebral artery, posterior communicating artery, internal carotid artery 15Write out the position of lower center of sympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nerve?Sympathetic:Lower center located in lateral gray horn of spinal cord segments T1L3Parasympathetic:Four pairs parasympathetic nuclei in brain stem and in sacral parasympathetic nucleus of spinal cord segments S2S416The main differences between the visceral motor system and the somatic motor system?Somatic Visceral EffectorsSkeletal musclesCardiac, smooth muscles and glandsKind of fibersOneTwo: sympathetic and parasympatheticFrom lower center to effectorSingle neuronTwo neurons: preganglionic neuron (fiber) postganglionic neuron (fiber)Fibers Thick myelinated有髓(鞘)的Preganglionic: thin myelinated postganglionic: unmyelinatedDistributive formNerve trunkNerve plexusesControl Voluntary (consciousness)Involuntary (unconsciousness)17Write out the names of ascending and descending tracts in the lateral funiculus of spinal cord.A: lateral spinothalamic tract, posterior spinocerebellar tractD: rubrospinal tract, reticulospinal tract, lateral corticospinal tract18Write out the position and the external features of spinal cord?(1) Position: lies in vertebral canal continuous with medulla oblongata at level of foramen magnum ends below at lower border of L1; at birth , at the level of L3(2) External featuresconus medullaris 脊髓圆锥 filum terminale 终丝 cauda equina 马尾Two enlargements: 1）Cervical enlargement: 颈膨大 2）lumbosacral enlargement 腰骶膨大Fissure and sulci: 1) Anterior median fissure 2)Posterior median sulcus 3)Anterolateral sulcus4) Posterolateral sulcus 19Write out the nerves which pass through superior orbital fissure and their distribution? 1 Oculomotor nerve ：GSE: Motor to superior, inferior and medial rectus; inferior obliquus; levator palpebrae superiorisGVE: Motor to sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle 2 Trochlear nerve: Motor to superior obliquus 3 Abducent nerve: Motor to lateral rectus 4 Ophthalmic nerve: sensation from cerebral dura mater, visual organ, mucosa of nose, skin above the eye and back of nose20Write out the nerves, their distribution and axon categories of the tongue?1 taste 2/3 anterior of tongue:chorda tympani of facial nerve1/3 posterior of tongue:glossopharyngeal nerve2 general sensation2/3 anterior of tongue：lingual nerve of mandibular nerve1/3 posterior of tongue: glossopharyngeal nerve（SVA)（SVA)(GSA)(GVA)3 muscles of tongue：hypoglossal nerve（GSE)21Describe the locations and names of the speech areas?Motor speech area posterior of inferior frontal gyrusWriting area posterior of middle frontal gyrus Auditory speech area posterior of superior temporal gyrusVisual speech area angular gyrus22Write out the origin of parasympathetic priganglionic fibers and the distribution of parasympathetic postganglionic fibers in vagus nerves and pelvic splanchnic nerves.(1) Dorsal nucleus of vagus n.heart, lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, alimen-tary tract as far as left colic flexure (2) sacral parasympathetic nucleusPostganglionic fibers supply the descending and sigmoid colon, rectum and pelvic viscera23Write out the tracts which pass through the genu and posterior limb of internal capsule.Genu: corticonuclear tractPosterior limb: corticospinal tract,corticorubral ract, central thalamic radiations,posterior thalamic radiations, acoustic radiation, optic radiation5Write out the pathway of pupillary reflexes?retinaOptic n.Optic chiasmaOptic tractBrachium of superior colliculusPretectal regionaccessory nuclei of IIIOculomotor n.动眼神经Ciliary ganglion Postganglionic fibersSphincter