托福独立写作——中间部分.doc

独立作文核心思路搭建 Heading (立场段)Position= Question response Clear ！ 程度 + 态度*To large extent, I am on the opposite side of this claim. * To large extent, I am on the side of this claim. Body （主体论证段）Support-Strong ！论点 + 论据 （概括）（具体）* CS1Concede (agree) / (disagree) + support (reason) -分析/ 解释 CS2Point1 (disagree1) / (agree1) + support (reason) -分析/ 解释 / + -案例/数据 CS3Point 2 (disagree2)/ (agree2) + support (reason) -分析/ 解释 / + -案例/数据Ending （总结段） ConclusionComplete * To sum up, there is no point to claim that . What is more, it is essential for us to have circumspection before any critical decision-makings. （it is essential that circumspection is made beforehand.）(建议类话题) * To sum up, there is no point to claim that . What is more, it is essential for us to have circumspection before drawing a conclusion. （结论话题）题型分类：建议类：2011年02月05日agree or disagree：The parents should let children make mistake and let them learn from their own mistake.2010.1.30agree or disagree:The government should support scientific research that does not have any practical use.2010.3.12agree or disagree: If parents want their children to dowell at school, they should limit the time their children spend on watching TV.结论类：.agree or disagree:It is more important to choose friends that have fun with than to choose friends that will help you when you need them.2010.5.8Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:The best way for parents to teach their children about responsibility is to have them care for animals.2010.5.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: at home using computers or telephones is better than working in the office.2010.2.13Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:People holding different views cannot achieve success as a team. Frame思路框架应对题型1：唯我独尊型（排他型） （the only/ the best/ the most important） Do you agree or disagree that the most important thing that government can doto improve health care is to clean the environment Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:The best way to improve education is to raise teachers salaries. 同意否：University Education is the most important factor of success in lifeDo you agree or disagree that improving schools is the most important factor in successful development of country? Do you agree or disagree that visiting museums is the best way to know a country. Agree or disagree: the best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide. Agree or disagree: The best way for parents to teach their children about responsibility is to have them care for animals.*题型特点：The est is X *思路框架： Heading To large extent, I am on the opposite side of this claim. Body CS1. ConcedeConcedeA is (好/ 重要/ 有效).To begin with, I have to concede that X, at certain degree, plays an indispensable role in/ is indispensable.限制级让步： , to certain/ some extent, , at certain / some degree, , in certain/ particular cases, , on certain / specific occasions, , under certain/ particular circumstances, , theoretically speaking, , in short-terms, CS2. Disagree1 (Optional) Nevertheless, X is also problematic. / Nevertheless, X also suffers from some defects/ flaws/ drawbacks./*inevitable - + v. + inevitable It can inevitably give rise to / trigger disasters. - It is inevitable that It is inevitable that runs the risk of giving rise to disasters. / negative influences. * immune -be not immune to Nevertheless, it is inevitable that X also suffers from several defects Nevertheless, X is not immune to several defects * makes the claim misrepresentative makes the claim fail to be representative. makes the claim open to question. makes the claim vulnerable to any question or challenge. * degrade as degrades the claim as misrepresentative. ! Nevertheless, X is not immune to several defects, which makes the claim vulnerable to any question or challenge. Nevertheless, it is inevitable that X also suffers from some defects, which makes the claim that it is X that is of the most significance/ it is X that is second to none problematic/ fail to be representative/ open to question. /Nevertheless, it is inevitable that X also suffers from some flaws, which degrades the claim that it is such solution that is of the most significance as misrepresentative. / estimateestimation assessassessment evaluateevaluation Nevertheless, it is inevitable that the overestimation over the effectiveness/ the objectiveness of X also suffers from some flaws, which degrades the claim that it is such solution that is of the most significance as misrepresentative. / Nevertheless, it is inevitable that the ultimately positive attitude toward X also suffers from some flaws, which degrades the claim that it is such solution that is of the most significance as misrepresentative. CS3. Disagree2 X is not the est. What is more, there is no point to assert that X is supposed to be/ X is entitled to be eternally the best approach. / What is more, there is no point to assume that X is entitled to enjoy the eternal priority to any other approaches. CS4. 过分侧重X 后果严重，危害巨大。Overemphasizing X would be extremely harmful. * influenceconsequences negative influence destructive/ disastrous / pernicious consequences ! 侧重 emphasis vs emphasize place emphasis on X overemphasize X put X to the priority - the consequences of overemphasizing X would turn out to be destructive / disastrous - the consequences of placing too much emphasis on X would turn out to be destructive. - the consequences of placing X before anything else would turn out to be destructive. Ending To sum up, it is groundless to put X to the first priority. What is more, it is essential for us to have circumspection before drawing a conclusion. /To sum up, I would, at large degree, cast doubt on the claim that it is X that is second to none/ that is prior to any other. What is more, it is essential for us to take the significance of other into account.Practice: Do you agree or disagree that the most important thing that government can doto improve health care is to clean the environment Heading Currently, the issue of health care is much concerned to a point where a wide discussion has been aroused. One point is that it is cleaning the environment that serves as the most significant measure that a government can take. After a closer scrutiny into this matter, to large extent, however, I am on the opposite side of this claim. Body CS1. To begin with, I have to concede that a pleasant environment, at certain degree, is indispensable for a promoted health care. CS2. Nevertheless, it is inevitable that the overestimation over the effectiveness of cleaning the eco-system also suffers from some flaws, which degrades the claim that it is such solution that is of the most significance as misrepresentative. CS3.What is more, there is no point to assume that optimizing the environment is entitled to enjoy the eternal priority to any other available approaches. CS4. Finally, the consequences of placing too much emphasis on X would turn out to be destructive. /Finally, the consequences that placing too much emphasis on X are expected to bring about would turn out to be destructive. ending To sum up, I would, at large degree, cast doubt on the claim that it is the improvement of the environment that is that is prior to any other measures that are available. What is more, it is essential for us to have circumspection before drawing a conclusion. Type2 厚此薄彼型 （A B / is A not B） In todays world, to speak well is more important than to write well. Agree or disagree.Do you agree or disagree? A job with more vacation time but a low salary is better than a job with a high salary but less vacation time.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Movies and TV programs made in ones own country is always more interesting than those made in other countries. 你是否同意：看电视比看书学的多 Do you agree or disagree: It is more enjoyable to have a job and work long hours for three days in a week than to work shorter hours for five days in a week. Do you agree or disagree with the statement: 一个老师和学生沟通的能力比老师自己具有Excellent knowledge 更重要。 agree or disagree: 是应该放更多的钱在access internet 上，而不是public transportation Do you agree or disagree: Governments should spend more money in support of artsthan in support of athletics such as state-sponsored Olympic teams Do you agree or disagree that people can learn more from watching television than reading books. Heading To large extent, I am on the opposite side of this claim. Body CS1 To begin with, I have to concede that TV programs, at certain degree, are informative. +The quantum leaps in science and technology serve as a catalyst for the popularization and upgrades of TV and TV networks on a global scale. CS2 Nevertheless, there is no point to assert that it is through TV, rather than books that we can learn much more. CS3 At last, the consequences of placing too much emphasis on the influence of TV over that of books would turn out to be destructive. *思路框架： Heading To large extent, I disagree with this claim that it is A that outweighs B / it is A that overshadows B and reckon that it assumes a distorted and narrow view. To large extent, I disagree with this claim that it is A that outweighs B / it is A that overshadows B and reckon that the former and the latter are intertwined elements that are playing respective roles in l intertwine l play respective roles in Body CS1 Concede ConcedeA is significant First of all, I have to concede that A, under certain circumstances, is necessary/ valuable/ indispensible. CS2 Disagree2 A is not always more important than B Nevertheless, there is no point to claim that it is A that enjoys more significance over B. / Nevertheless, the claim / assumption/ assertion that it is A that outweighs B is open to question/ misrepresentative. CS3 Disagree3 A B 后果严重，危害巨大At last, the consequences of placing too much emphasis on A instead of B would be destructive. /At last, the consequences that placing too much emphasis on A instead of B are expected to bring about would be destructive. Ending All in all, at large degree, I would cast doubt on the claim that. What is more, it is essential for us to have circumspection before any critical decision-makings/ before drawing a conclusion. / To sum up, I would frown on the assumption that it is A that outweighs B. What is more, it is essential for us to keep a balance between A and B./ it is essential for us to take the significance of B into account. Practice: agree or disagree: 是应该放更多的钱在access internet 上，而不是public transportation Heading To large extent, I am on the opposite side of this claim and reckon that it assumes a distorted and narrow view. Body 1.First of all, I have to concede that strong financial support on the access of the internet, under certain circumstances, indispensible. 2. Nevertheless, the claim / assumption/ assertion that it is spending on internet that outweighs spending on public transportation is open to question/ . 3. At last, the consequences that placing too much emphasis on internet instead of public transportation expected to bring about would be doomed / deemed as destructive. Ending. Type3判断类1单纯定义/评价型 题型特点：X 好/ 不好/ 有益/ 有害/ can/ cannot is/ is not Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:The way a person is dressed in is a good indication (体现）of his/her character or personality.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Many countries are paying attention to environmental problems. But the attention is not making the environmental situations better.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:It is more likely for people with more skills to succeed. Do you agree or disagree: people should pay to use public transportation Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: In order to become financially responsible adults, children should manage their own money at the young age. Heading To large extent, however, I am on the opposite side of this claim. Body CS1. Concede To begin with, I have to concede that X, at certain degree, is/ can. !Mirror effect Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Many countries are paying attention to environmental problems. But the attention is not making the environmental situations better.CS2. Disagree1 Nevertheless, X also suffers from several defects Nevertheless, it is inevitable that X also suffers from several defects, which makes the assertion/ claim / assumption fail to be representative / open to question / irrational. Nevertheless, X is not immune to several defects, which * inevitable - inevitably - it is inevitable that * be not immunue to / Nevertheless, X cannot solve the problem.Nevertheless, X is awkward in serving as a key, which makes the claim vulnerable to any question or challenge. / Nevertheless, X cannot represent the reality.!Mirror effect CS3. Disagree2 At last, the consequences that X is expected to bring about would be destructive. Ending All in all, at large degree, I would cast doubt on. What is more, it is essential for us to / To sum up, I would, at large degree, cast doubt on this claim. What is more, it is essential for us to consider for all the factors that matters before drawing a conclusion/ proposing a solution. Practice Do you agree or disagree: people should pay to use public transportation Heading To large extent, I am on the opposite side of this claim. Body 1. To begin with, I have to concede that the public transportation, at certain degree, is supposed to be supported on financial level. 2. Nevertheless, it is inevitable that the proposal suffers from several defects, which makes the claim that the public is responsible for paying for the public transportation open to question. + oversimplification show no respect to the difference among cases3. impose sth. on sb At last, the consequences of imposing the payment on people would turn out to be destructive. /At last, the consequences th