新目标英语八年级下现在完成时态.doc

Present Perfect TenseTopic: Present Perfect Tensepresenter:Miss LiuTeaching Aim: To master the usage of the past perfect tenseSteps:用法I live in Shanghai.(一般现在时)I moved to Shanghai ten years ago.(一般过去时)I have lived in Shanghai ten years ago.(现在完成时)1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 e.g. Have you had your lunch yet? Yes, I have. Ive just had it. (现在我不饿了。)2. 表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在，而且可能还要继续下去。 e.g. I havent seen her these days. Ive known Bob for three years. Ive been at this school for over two years. 时间状语already, yet, just, ever, never, before以前从来不出现，最近曾经一两遍，自从刚刚for一段，近来已经很明显现在完成时态的标志，“以前”是before, “从来不”是never,”“最近”是recently，“曾经”是ever，“一两遍”分别是once 和twice，自从是since，近来是“these days”，“已经”是already或yet.在现在完成时中，siince有三种情况：since+(过去的）月份，年份since+一段时间+agosince+一般过去时从句。Have you ever seen her?Were never been there before.Has Tom had his lunch yet?Wang Fei has read the book twice.构成现在完成时是由“助动词have / has+ 动词的过去分词”构成的，规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词则需逐个记忆。 动词的过去式的变化和过去分词的变化并不完全相同。我们对它们作了一个大致的分类。 (注：例子中单词的变化顺序为：动词原形 动词的过去式 动词的过去分词)规则变化：1. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：pick picked picked; wish wished wished; stay stayed stayed2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如：like liked liked; hope hoped hoped; phone phoned phoned3. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：study studied studied; hurry hurried hurried; reply replied replied4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop stopped stopped; clap clapped clapped不规则变化：5. 以不变应万变。如：let let let; put put put; read read read6. 若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加t。如：feel felt felt; keep kept kept; sleep slept slept7. 结尾的字母d变t。如：lend lent lent; build built built; send sent sent8. 变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如：buy bought bought; bring brought brought; catch caught caught; teach taught taught句式1. 肯定句：主语 + have / has + 过去分词 (+ 其他)2. 否定句：主语 + have / has + not + 过去 分词(+ 其他)3. 一般疑问句：have/ has + 主语 + 过去分词(+ 其他)4. 特殊疑问句：1) 特殊疑问词 (不是句子主语) + have / has + 主语+过去分词 (+ 其他)2) 特殊疑问词(是句子主语)+have / has+过去分词(+ 其他)already和yet都可以作为现在完成时的标志词，但它们的用法不同。already一般用于肯定句中。如：We have already cleaned up our classroom.注意：already用于疑问句中时通常表示惊奇。如：Have you finished your homework already? I cant believe it.yet一般用于疑问句和否定句中。如：Have you seen her yet?The bus hasnt come yet.have been to &have gone to二者涵义各不同，两者用法要分清have been to+地名，曾经去过某地行have gone to+地名，到某地去了人走远。地点如果是副词，千万不要去用to练习1. -Wheres your father, Tom?-He_to Chang sha.A. goes B. went C. has gone2. I _to Canada twice. Its so beautiful.A. wont go B. have gone C. dont go D. have been3. -Where is David?-I think he_Australia.A. has gone to B. has been C. has gone D. has been to4. -May I speak to John?-Sorry, he_Changsha. But he will come back in two days.A. has been to B. have been to C. has gone to D. have gone to现在完成在瞬间，非延只连时间点，终止需转换，否定方可碰一段。瞬间动词又叫非延续动词，还叫终止性动词。瞬间动词可以有现在完成时态，但不可以接一段时间，若要接一段时间，需要做一些相应的变换。瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。瞬间动词有：come, go, get to/reach/arrive at/in, leave, see, hear.buy, sell, open, close, get up.join/take part in, begin/start, return, borrow, lend.become/turn, bring/take, give, die, finish, hear from.开始离去借来还，加入死去买到家。begin, leave, go, borrow, come, return, join, die, buy, arrive.since与for的区别since与for是现在完成时最常用的两个副词，也是很容易出错的地方。下面我们来对比说明since和for的不同含义。1) since用来说明动作的起始时间，表示从那一时刻到说话是为止，for用来说明动作的延续时间长度。也就是说，since是从某时间点开始算，而for是指多长时间。I have lived here for more than twenty years. 我住在这儿20多年了。I live lived here since I was born. 我从出生起住在这儿。2) 并非有“for+时间段”作时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。注意对比下面两个句子I lived here for more than twenty years. 我在这里住过20多年。I have lived here for many years. 我在这里住了很多年了。3) since在句中既可以做连词引导从句，也可以作介词构成短语，本身还可以作副词直接修饰谓语动词。a. since+过去时间点I have been here since 1999.我自1999年以来一直在这儿。b. since+一段时间+ago 自时间前开始至今I have been here since five months ago.自从5个月前我一直都待在这里。c. since+从句Great changes have taken place here since you left.自从你离开以来，这里发生了巨大的变化。d. It is+一段时间+since从句It is two years since I joined the army.我参军有两年了。现在完成时与一般过去时都表示过去的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生过的影响，造成的结果等，而一般过去时则表示在过去的时间内产生的动作或存在的状态。-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？-Yes, I have. 是的，我去过。-When did you go there? 你什么时候去那儿的？-Last week. 上周。中考链接：(2012年，河南，32) -Id like to introduce my best friend to you, Peter.-Thank you, Lucy. But we_already.A. meet B. met C. will meet D. have met(2011年，河南，33)-Excuse me, where is Mr Browns office?-Sorry, I dont know. I_here for only a few days.A. work B. worked C. have worked D. will work(2010年，河南，26)Joe, my close friend, moved to Beijing years ago, and I_him since then.A. dont see B. didnt see C. havent seen D. wont see(2014年，天津，36)-_you ever_the new Minyuan Stadium?-No, I havent.A. Do, visit B. Have, visited C. Did, visit D. Are, visiting(2014年 江西，36)-Mr. Li will check our homework this afternoon._you_it?-Not yet. Im doing it right now.A. Do, finish B. Had, finished C. will, finish D. Have, finished(2014年， 黑龙江哈尔滨，7)The 2014World Cup in Brazil makes the whole world crazy and nobody will miss it. I _all the matches so far.A. watched B. have matched C. will watch(2014年 广西南宁，34) David knows much about the city because he_there many times.A. goes B. went C. has gone D. has been(2013年，天津，33)-Is Tom at home?-No, he_to town.A. has been B. has gone C. goes D. will go(2013年，河北，43)Dont return the video to Peter. I_it.A. dont watch B. wont watch C. havent watched D. wasnt watching(2012年，北京，32) I _Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai.A. didnt hear from B. dont hear from C. wont hear from D. havent heard from(2011年，北京，31)My aunt is writer. She_more than ten book since 1980.A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. will write(2014年 河南鹤壁一模,30) Henry speaks Chinese very well. He_in China since 2002.A. come B. has come C. stayed D. has stayed(2014年，河南郑州二模，26) Mary promised to meet me at the school gate, but she_yet.A. doesnt arrive B. didnt arrive C. hasnt arrived D. hadnt arrived(2014河南开封一模，28)-Hey, Kathy. How do you like my new shoes?-Oh, sorry. But what did you say? I _something else.A. thought B. was thinking C. am thinking D. will think(2014年 河南洛阳一模，34)-What do you think of The Voice of China?-I have no idea, because I _it yet.A. didnt see B. dont see C. wont see D. havent seen(2013年河南平顶山一模，31)-Ki, Kate! Your new bike book very nice!-Thank you. I _it for only two days.A. had B. bought C. have had D. have bought(2012年河南安阳一模，26)-Why did you buy so many flowers?-Because today is special day. My parents_for twenty years.A. married B. got married C. have been married D. have married(2014年河南郑州一模，26) -Do you love reading Guo Jingmings novels?-Of course I do, but I _them for a long time because Im always busy.A. didnt read B. havent read C. hadnt read D. dont read(2014年 河南新乡二模，31)-Do you think Xinxiang_a lot in recent years?-Yes. The roads are wider and the buildings are taller.A. change B. changed C. will change D. has changed(2013年 河南郑州二模，29)The man and the woman _for five years.A. married B. have married C. got married D. have been marriedHomework1.He can stay there for ten hours without (move).2.She was ill and had to (go) to a doctor.3.You shouldnt always think about (you).4.We expect (visit) the Great Wall one day.5.He told me (not wait) for him.6.They agreed (help) each other.7.We should give up bad (habit).8.It is (importance) to study hard.9.He can keep on (swim) for two hours.10.They dont mind (climb) the mountain.11.I saw him yesterday. He was writing a letter.（合并为一句）I him a letter yesterday.12.Many people dont want to help others because they dont want any trouble.就画线部分提问） many people want to help others?13.He should see a dentist.（就画线部分提问） he ?14. I think he is a smart man. (改为否定句) I _ _ he _ a smart man.15. Having a healthy lifestyle is very important. (改为同义句)It is important _ _ a healthy lifestyle.16.You should write him a letter. （就划线部分提问) _ _ _do?17. I think you should finish your homework first.（改为否定句） _18. You are not as popular as your best friend.（改为同义句） Your best friend is_ _than you.19. The bike is his.（就画线部分提问） _ is the bike?20. He has some money ,too.（改为否定句）He _ _ _money, _.21. You should _(go) to see a doctor.22. Mother asked me _(get) up early.23. They are _(plan) how to spend the summer holiday.24. Lets _(try) our best to make our world more beautiful.25. He _(leave) his bag at school yesterday.26. When did you finish _ (write) the book? 27. He _(reply) with a short note yesterday. 28. We should learn to be _ (independence). 29. Our teacher is a man of _ (fair). 30. China and India are _ (develop) countries. 31. We dont allow _ (play) cards in out house.32.Why not _ (help ) your parents?33. You d better _ (open )the door. 34. Lets _ (communication ) with the old man .35.Do you allow me _ (compare) with my brother ?36.The hotel offers _ （give)out food and drinks. 37.Dave went cycling instead of _ (skate)38.Dont refuse _ ( help ) others when they are in trouble. 39. My teacher gave me some good_（advice) 40.Its good for boys _ (develop) to read English. 41. David was in the barbers when the UFO arrived. （对划线部分提问）_ David when the UFO arrived?42. We were listening to the teacher carefully when she came in. （对划线部分提问）_ you _ when she came in?43