动名词考点.doc

动名词考点1 时态和语态时态 语态主动语态被动语态一般式Doing: I approved of his taking part in the project.Being done: After being interviewed for the job, you will be required to take a language test.完成式Having done: The man in the corner confessed to having told a lie to the manager.Having been done: She resents having been criticized by her boss yesterday.2 转本英语可能会出现的后接动名词的动词有：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, imagine, mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest, quit, enjoy, finish.(如考到后两词，那属于弱智题，这类弱智题曾在03p5345、46、51出现过)。3 转本英语可能会出现的后接动名词的词组有：be(get)used to ; be accustomed to, be devoted to, be busy, cannot help, confess to, give up, have trouble(in), have difficulty(in )07,38, it is no use/good07,36, look forward to, object to, lead to, stick to, get down to, see to等。Used to do VS be used to doing区分两者不同Be accustomed to, be used to, devote to, dedicate to, look forward to, lead to, contribute to, object to, stick to, get down to, see to.这里的to 都是介词，后面只能接动名词。4 在need, want, require, deserve等动词以及形容词worth后，动名词主动形式表示被动意义。Your hair wants cutting.独立主格结构过去分词和现在分词短语作状语时候，它们的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时过去分词短语和现在分词短语带有自己的主语，这个主语叫做逻辑主语，该逻辑主语一般由名词或代词充当，放在过去分词或现在分词短语之前，我们把这一结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。She walked along the path, her daughter following close behind.All the work done, you can have a rest.Weather permitting, well go to the Summer Palace.(一)独立主格结构特点：1 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.2 名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式或介词短语等是主谓关系The day being fine, we decided to go swimming.It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.3 独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。Theyll send you the book for $10, postage included.（二）with/without 的复合结构作独立主语一个独立主格结构前面可以加上with/without ，作伴随状语或定语。我们可以把它理解为with的独立主格结构。1 The murder was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.2 The children looked at us, with their eyes opening wide.3 With night coming on, they went home.4 The river with grass and flowers on both sides runs through our schoolyard.三 练习反馈1 _, there was nothing for it but to swim across.A The bridge having been destroyedB The bridge was destroyedC The bridge to be destroyedD The bridge has been destroyed2 With more and more students_ colleges, higher education seems to have become a primary concern in recent years.A attend B is attending C attending D are attending虚拟语气虚拟语气考什么？ 考的是谓语动词形式。所有的虚拟语气考点都在谓语动词形式上。一 If条件从句虚拟语气情况时间If从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式过去Had doneWould/should/could/might +have done现在Did/wereWould/should/could/might +do将来Did/were to/should doWould/should/could/might +do错综时间虚拟语气：If he had prepared very carefully yesterday, he could perform well now.连词if 省略形成倒装。If条件句中的连词if 可以省略，但该句就要使用倒装语序，即将were,had,should等置于主语前，形成倒装。Had you informed her earlier,If you had informed her earlier, she wouldnt have assigned the contract.Were she living happilyIf she were living happily, I would be very astonished.二 用于某些动词的宾语从句中；以及由这些动词变来的分词、名词后的主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。其形式是（should）+动词原形。表示愿望Desire, prefer表示建议Advise, move, propose, suggest, recommend,表示要求、请求Insist, maintain, oblige, request, require, urge 表示决定Decide, determine, resolve其他Arrange, deserve, intend, motion, promise .1 宾语从句He insisted坚持主张；坚持认为时候不用虚拟语气 that she be in the office at six.The doctor suggested建议；暗含的时候不用虚拟语气 that she (should)take a trip.2 it is +过去分词的主语从句It is required that the machine be tested.3 表语从句、同位语从句His suggestion is that we go out on a picnic.His suggestion that we go out on a picnic next Sunday is wonderful.三 用于it is+ 某些形容词+主语从句It is essential/urgent/necessary/important/advisable/natural/desired/vital/crutial/strange+that的从句中，谓语形式为（should）+原形动词。It is necessary that the machine (should)be oiled every day.四 用于it is （high/about）time+从句中四、五两种情况从句用过去式。It is high time we went back to college.五 用于would /had rather , would sooner 引起的从句中，其谓语从句用过去时，表示现在或将来；用had+done，表示过去的情况。I would rather you didnt tell him anything about it.六 lest 引导的状语从句用虚拟语气。虚拟语气用于lest 或in case 引起的状语从句，其谓语动词形式为should +原形动词，should 一般不可省。He took his umbrella with him in case it should rain.七 without, but for, but that等引出的短语，表示含蓄的条件（就把它当作是一个条件句），其后结果句用虚拟语气。练习反馈1 It is required that anyone who has earned more than3,000 yuan each month_ pay income taxes.A have to B has to C. will be given D is given2 It is essential that every child _ the same educational opportunities.A have B has C will be D is given3 Its high time you_. A start to work B would start to workC started to work D has started to work4 Id rather you_ make any comment on the issue for the time being.A dont B wouldnt C didnt D sholdnt5 _for your laziness, you could finished the assignment by now.A Had it not been B It were not C Werent it D Had it not been定语从句考什么：which引导的非限制性定语从句，一级考点历年真题统计01年26、27，03P54 55,03P56翻译7,04P65 50,04P65 60。基 础 扫 描一定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引起的，在句子中充当定语成分，来修饰名词、代词或句子。定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词称为先行词。概念与例句定语从句关系代词(介词+关系代词)先行词关系副词The new points which the president stressed in his report are very important indeed.(定语从句、关系代词、先行词)That is the reason why I am not in favor of revising the plan.(定语从句、关系代副词、先行词)所有从句都是由连接词引出来的，定语从句的连接词被叫做关系代词、关系副词。具体而言，有以下几种情况（一）关系代词知识点关系代词先行词关系代词所作成分例句that人或物主、宾、表1which物或整句话主、宾（动词宾语、介词宾语）2who人主3whom人宾4whose人或物定语（相当于先行词的所有格）5as 人或物或整句话主语、宾语6例句：1 One should not plant a garden that is too large for him to care for.(06阅读1)2 .Because of their frequent wars, many of their inventions were no more than improvements in the design of Greek weapons with which they were familiar.(06阅读2)3 There are a lot of women who will do the job as well as men.(06阅读2)Anyone who brought his sleeping bag and cooking equipment along could stay there for a very small quantity of money.(03月度2，P48).4 He saw the manager talking with somebody whom he didnt know.5 Many people whose possessions were destroyed in natural disasters eventually considered their loss as a blessing.(06CET-6,12)6 As is often the case, the more you use your brain, the more active it will become.(03翻译section B 4,P57)关系代词使用的几种特别规定：That 1)先行词是不定代词，常见有all, much, any, something, anything等；2）先行词被all, any, every, some,(a)few,(a)little修3）先行词被最高级、序数词、the only/next/same/very修饰时；4）先行词既包括人，又包括物时。 5)只用which:介词后、引导非限制性定语从句只能用which。介词+which既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，也取决于先行词的习惯搭配。It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.This is the computer on which he spent all his savings.6)关系代词省略情况：that、which引导定语从句作宾语可以省略。但以下情况不可省略：第一，引导非限制性定语从句中，即使作宾语which也不能省略。第二，关系代词紧跟介词后，作介词宾语，此时一不可用that，只可用which或whom 引导定语从句，并且不可省略；但当介词谓语定语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that,也可以省略。This is one of the things with which we have to put up.This is one of the things （that/which ）we have to put up with.（二）关系副词知识点关系副词与先行词关系在从句中所作成分when先行词是表示时间的名词，相当于介词+which.状语where先行词是表示地点的名词，相当于介词+which状语why先行词是表示理由的名词（reason），相当于for+which.状语长难句分析与理解二 练习反馈1 Do Americans have the capacity and vision to remove these structural barriers that deny democratic rights and opportunities?(06CET4阅读)2. Culture shock is an occupational disease for people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad(04转本P61阅读4)3 For primitive men, activity during the day meant hunting and attacking , in which he soon saw as red, the color of blood and fire.(05转本P70阅读1)4 The curriculum consisted mainly of the classical languages, and the purpose of this kind of school was the preparation of boys for college, where most of them would be fitted for the ministry.(07转本真题P97) 改正句子中的错误1 We grow all our own fruit and vegetables, that saves money, of course.2 New York is famous for its skyscrapers, the highest of them has more than 100 storey.3 My boss even thought that beer was the best drink which he had ever drunk.4 I am pleased with what you have given me and all what you have told me .5 One of the most beautiful natural wonders in the United States is the Grand Canyon, where located in northwestern Arizona.6 The first place where the students visited in the motor