大学英语2 key words for unit 1.docx

新世纪大学英语系列综合教程第一册Unit One Learning a LanguageKey Words and Expressions1. claim (L.2)1) vt. declare to be true; state, esp. in the face of opposition; maintain 断言(为真实的)；声称；主张 e.g. Tom claimed to have told the truth. 汤姆声称他说的是实话。 He claimed that he had been to the city. 他声称他去过那座城市。 2）. n. C a statement that sth. is true or real, esp. one that other people may disagree with 断言；声称；主张 e.g. His claim to know the answer was not believed. 他自称知道答案，但没人相信他。2. on ones part (L. 4) of or by sb. 就某人而言；在某人方面 e.g. There was no further hesitation, at least on the part of Miss Smith, as to what was to be done. 当时下一步该做什么，至少对史密斯小姐来说，已经没有必要再犹豫。 I apologize for any mistakes on my part. 我为我的失误表示道歉。3. reference n. U(L.6) 1） mentioning 谈到，提及e.g. He made no reference to his illness till after the lesson. 下课之后他才提到他的病。 The book is full of reference to places that I know well. 这本书里提到许多我很熟悉的地方。2） looking at for information 参考；查询e.g. In the library are reference books, from which you can get information. 图书馆里有参考书供你查阅。短语:reference book 参考书in/with reference to 关于 without reference to 不论；不管4. argue vi. (L.19) disagree in words; fight with words; quarrel 争论; 争辩 e.g. What are they arguing about? 他们在争论什么？ Do what you are told and dont argue with me.叫你怎么做就怎么做，别跟我争论。 5. no doubt (L.21) certainly; very probably 无疑；多半 e.g. No doubt we learned a lot from that lecture. 无疑我们从那场讲座中学到了不少的东西。 No doubt she will help us if we ask her. 如果我们请她帮忙，她一定会帮助我们。 短语: without (a) doubt 无疑地，确实地 beyond doubt 无疑地，确实地 6. have an advantage (over) (L.26-27) have a condition or circumstance that gives one superiority (esp. when competing with others) 比处于有利地位; 优于 e.g. You have an advantage over me. You can speak English very well. 你比我有优势，因为你英语讲得很好。 His good education means that he has a big advantage over his opponent. 他所受的良好教育表明他比他的对手更有优势。7. go to extremes (L.28-29) take extreme measures; do more than is usually considered right or desirable 走极端 e.g. He often goes to extremes in his views. 他的看法常常走极端。 Sometimes she eats too much and sometimes she eats nothing. She goes from one extreme to the other. 有时她吃得很多，有时什么也不吃，她常常从一个极端走向另一个极端。8. assume vt. (L.30)1) take as a fact or as true without proof; suppose 假定；假设e.g. Scientists assume that there are no animals on Mars.科学家认为火星上没有动物。 I assume that she has received my e-mail. 我想她已经收到了我的电子邮件。2) take up; undertake 担任；承担e.g. He will assume his new duties in the company tomorrow .他明天将担任公司的新职务。 9 equivalent (L.31) 1).n.C sth. that is equal in value, amount, meaning, etc. 相等物；等值 e.g. Is there a Chinese word that is the exact equivalent of the English word “buffet”? 汉语中有没有一个与英文词 “buffet” 完全相等的词？ The portable computer cost the young man the equivalent of two months salary. 那台手提电脑的花费相当于那位年轻人两个月的工资。 2) a. (of time, amount, number, etc.) same; equal 相等的；等价的；等值的；等量的 e.g. The man changed his pounds for the equivalent amount of dollars. 那位男士把他的英镑换成了等值的美元。 His behavior was equivalent to cheating. 他的行为等于欺骗。短语: be equivalent to 与相等10 let alone (L.33) much less 更不必说；别说 e.g. He has not even read the first chapter, let alone finished the book. 他连第一章还未看，别说读完整本书了。 比较: let alone, let sb./sth. alone let alone意为“更不必说；别说”, 指某人不能做前面提到的一件较简单的事，就更谈不上去做后面的一件事。let sb./sth. alone意为“别惹（管、碰）某人或某物”, 以免引起不快。eg: I cant drive a car, let alone a truck.我连小车都不会开，就别提开卡车了。He is very angry, let him alone. 他很生气，不要惹他。11 base on/upon . (L.35) build sth. upon; use sth. as a basis for 以.为基础；以.为依据 e.g. I base my hopes upon the news I got yesterday. 我的希望源于我昨天所得到的消息。This song is based on an old folk tune. 这首歌是以一个民间小调为基础改编而成的。12 relate vt. (L.46) see or show a connection between 看出或显示出之间的关系；有联系 e.g. I cant relate the two ideas. 我看不出这两个观点之间的关系。 I cant relate what he does to what he says. 我无法把他所做的同他说的联系起来。 短语:relate . to 将与联系起来13 means n.C (L. 47) a method or way (of doing) 方式；方法e.g. The quickest means of travel is by plane. 最快的旅行工具是飞机。 They had no means of cooking them. 他们没有办法烹饪它们。短语: by all means 尽一切办法by means of 用；依靠by no means 完全不是；绝不14 relevant a. (L.51) connected; connected with the subject 相关的；有关系的；有关主题的e.g. Any relevant information should be given to the police. 任何相关信息都应该提供给警方。 I dont think your remarks are relevant to our discussion.我认为你的话与我们的议题无关。Sentence Patterns1 it is natural for sb. to do sth.（L.13） 某人做在情理之中 e.g. Its natural for children to love their parents. 孩子爱自己的父母是很自然的事情。 Its natural for the students to choose the courses they are interested in. 学生选他们感兴趣的课程是情理之中的事。2 it is no/not any use doing sth. (L. 1617) 做是没用处的/无益的e.g. It is no use asking me. I dont know any more than you.你问我没用，我知道的并不比你多。 I dont think that its any use going further. 我认为继续往下做徒劳无益。3 there are as many as there are (L.1920) 有多少就有多少 e.g. There are as many good ways of cooking delicious food as there are skillful cooks. 有多少个技高的厨师，就有多少种烹饪佳肴的好方法。Find the equivalent English phrases from the texts.(All the students do this in chorus.) 在某人方面on ones part of /by sb. 做是没有用的its no use doing sth. 必定 no doubt在某种程度上 to some extent走极端go to extremes 大同小异be probably very similar to 反之亦然and vice versa哭笑不得dont know whether to laugh or cry 更不用说let alone.比其他人具有优势have an advantage over others 每个有自身特点的人an individual with his own personality以为基础base sth. On/upon sthText B Learning to Read Key Words and Useful Expressions1 have trouble with (L. 1-2) (在和打交道时或应付时) 有困难 e.g. That was the first time he had serious trouble with an employer. 那是他第一次同雇主打交道时有较大的困难。 He had trouble with the first paragraph and began to read it through a second time. 他没读懂第一段，便开始读第二遍。2 at all costs/ any cost (L. 2-3) 不惜一切代价；无论如何 e.g. I must finish the work by tomorrow at all costs.我无论如何必须在明天以前完成工作。 短语:at no cost 不花钱 at the cost of 以为代价3 ridof (L.3) 使摆脱；从清除e.g. The dentist rid her of her pain by taking out the tooth. 牙科医生拔掉她的牙帮她解除了痛苦。 She denied firmly, ridding us of the doubt. 她坚决否认，这就消除了我们的怀疑。4 mean every word of it (L. 30) 严肃认真的；当真的；不是开玩笑的 e.g. If you cant finish your thesis before the deadline, you will not be allowed to defend it this academic year. I mean every word of it. 如果你不能在最后期限前完成毕业论文的话, 这个学年你不许参加答辩。我说的全是真的。5 clear up (L.34) 解除；解决；澄清 e.g. As soon as the matter is cleared up, I shall write to you. 问题一解决，我就给你写信。 His explanation cleared up all the misunde