最新最实用、初中英语单词用法讲解大全.doc

最新最实用、初中英语单词用法讲解大全Aa / anart.英语不定冠词(a/an)的用法较复杂，以下几点须注意：1.用a还是an：一般说来，辅音或半元音j, w开头的词要前用a。如：He has a computer (watch).他有一台电脑(一块手表)。Hes a university student (European).他是大学生(欧洲人)。元音开头的词前要用an。如：This is an egg (honest boy).这是一只鸡蛋(诚实的男孩)。注意，有的字母(如a, e, f, h, i等)或缩略词，若第一个音是元音也应用an。如：He missed an “n” in the word.他写的这个单词漏了一个n。2.不要从汉语习惯出发，漏掉必用的a/an。如：他父亲是著名诗人。误：His father is famous poet.正：His father is a famous poet.3.用于转化为普通名词的专有名词前，表示某某人或某某人的一部作品、艺术品等。如：A Mr Smith wants to see you.一位叫史密斯先生的人想见你。He bought a complete Lu Hsun.他买了一套鲁迅全集。4.用于转化为普通名词的物质名词前，表示相应的产品或种类，有时表示数量关系。如：Its a good wine.这是(一种)好酒。Two coffees and a tea, please.请来两杯咖啡和一杯茶。5.用于具体化的抽象名词前，表示与该抽象名词意义相关的人或事等。如：The party was a great success.晚会开得非常成功。Its a pleasure to talk with you.同你谈话是件愉快的事。6.用于某些由动词转化来或具有动作意味的名词前，表示一次、一番等意义。如：Let me have a look.让我看看吧。Ill give the car a good wash.我要把车好好洗一洗。7.用于序数词前表示数量或序数的增加。如：He bought a second computer.他又买了一台(即第二台)电脑。Later she borne a third son.后来她又生了第三个儿子。8.有的不可数名词或本来应该带定冠词(the)的名词，由于受定语(尤其是形容词)的修饰，其前一般要用不定冠词或改用不定冠词，表示某种状态，此时的不定冠词通常含有a kind of的意思。如：have breakfast吃早餐have a quick breakfast吃快餐the world世界a world like ours像我们这样的世界注：有些不可数名词即使受形容词的修饰也不能用不定冠词，容易弄错的有：news(消息)，advice(忠告)，luck(运气)，fortune(运气)，work(工作)，fun(娱乐，有趣的事)，weather(天气)，homework(家庭作业)，housework(家务活)，information(情报)，behavior(行为)，harm(伤害)，damage(损害)，progress(进步)，furniture (家具)，baggage(行李)，luggage(行李)，poetry(诗)，scenery(风景)等。9.两个单数可数名词连用表示一个整体时，只用一个不定冠词。如：He is a teacher and poet.他既是老师又是诗人。Theres a horse and cart on the road.路上有一辆马车。10.不定冠词可用来表示“类属”，这是其基本用法，它表明的是某一类属中的每一个人和东西都能说明该类属的整体情况(有类似汉语的“举一反三”或“以此类推”的含义)。此时也可用定冠词或名词复数形式来表示。如：马是有用的动物。正：A horse is a useful animal.正：The horse is a useful animal.正：Horses are useful animals.若不是说明每一个人和东西的情况，而是说整个类属，则不能用不定冠词，而要用定冠词：The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.老虎面临绝种的危险。abilityn.1.表示“能力”、“能够”，多为不可数名词；表示“才能”、“才干”，多用复数形式。如：He is a man of ability.他是位有能力的人。He is a man of many abilities.他是位多才多艺的人。2.表示有能力做某事或具有做某事的能力等，其后通常要接不定式。如：He has the ability to speak English fluently.他能流利地说英语。The ability to be clearly heard is extremely important for newsreaders.声音宏亮清晰对新闻广播员来说极为重要。但在现代英语中，也可后接of doing sth(不如接不定式普遍，建议初学者谨用)。如：I admire his ability of doing the work quickly.我羡慕他工作做得快。3.ability的反义词是inability，不是disabilityinability表示没有能力或没有才能，而disability则指因先天缺陷或受伤变残而导致的无能。如：Physical disability causes mental anguish.生理伤残会引起心理苦闷。His inability to speak French puts him at a disadvantage.他不会说法语，这使他很吃亏。ableadj.1.表示“有能力的”、“能干的”，可用作表语或定语。如：He is an able manager.他是位有能力的经理。He is old but still able.他虽年老，但仍有很能干。2.用于be able to do sth(能或会做做某事)。如：He is able to speak English.他会说英语。Everyone here is able to type.这儿的每一个人都会打字。He will be able to get about in a week or two.再过一两个星期左右他就能走动了。He studied hard and was able to pass his examinations.他学习很努力，所以考试及了格。注：be able to不仅有多种时态形式(通常不用于进行时或与be going to连用)，而且还可以与某些情态动词连用(通常不与can连用)，甚至还可以有非谓语形式。如：Since his accident he hasnt been able to leave the house.自出事之后，他一直未能离开家。You might be able to persuade him.你也许能够说服他。I hope to be able to do the work.我希望能干得了这项工作。I regret not being able to help her.我很遗憾未能帮助她。3.able的比较级和最高级通常是abler和ablest，也可以是more able和most able，有时还可用better able和best able。如：You are better able to do it than I (am).你比我更有能力做这件事。Shes the person best able to cope.她是个最能妥善处理问题的人。4.若要加强语气，其前除可very, quite, perfectly等修饰外，有时还可用well修饰。如：He is quite well able to take care of himself.他完全有能力照顾自己。Hes a very able student; hes just too lazy.他是个很有能力的学生，只是太懒了。若受just, only just修饰，则表示“只能”“仅能”。如：I was just able to make out a dark figure in the distance.我只能看见远处有个黑影。5.able的反义词是unable(不能的，不会的)，不是disable，后者是动词，其意为“使残废”“使无能力”。比较：They were unable to reach a decision.他们没法做出决定。Now that he was disabled, his house had become a prison to him.因为他残废了，他的房子就成了他的牢笼。about prep.& adv.1.表示“大约”，通常用于数字前。如：He arrived at about 10 oclock.他大约10点钟到达。2.在动词know, hear, speak等之后用不用介词about,含义有差别。如：I have heard about him, but I dont know him.我听到过一些关于他的事，但不认识他这个人。Ive heard of him, but I dont know about him.我听说过他，但我不知道有关他的情况。试比较：He knows her.他认识她。He knows of her.他知道有她这样一个人。He knows about her.他知道有关她的情况。3.be about to (do)，意为“即将”、“马上”。注意该短语不与具体的时间状语(如：soon, tomorrow, immediately等)连用。如：We are about to leave forBeijing.我们正要动身去北京。不说：He is about to leave here tomorrow.注意该短语可与并列连词when(这时)连用。如：I was (just) about to go to bed when the telephone rang.我正要上床睡觉，这时电话铃突然响了起来。在美国英语中，be about to do sth的否定式，可表示“不愿意做某事”。如：I am not about to admit defeat.我还不想认输。4.about和on均可表示“关于”，但about主要指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事，其谈论的内容也较为普通；而on则指比较有系统地或理论性较强地论述某事，其论述的内容较正式或较严肃。比较：He wrote on mathematics.他撰写数学著作。He wrote about the school.他报道有关这所学校的情况。It is a book on birds.那是一本论及鸟类的书。(可能是一本学术著作)It is a book about birds.那是一本关于鸟的书。(可能是一本供小孩看的关于鸟类的故事书)5.注意不要按汉语意思，在一些及物动词后误加介词about，而在一些不及物动词后该加about时却漏加。如：他没什么不满吧？误：He has nothing to complain, does he?正：He has nothing to complain about, does he?析：表示抱怨某事时，complain不及物，其后需接介词about或of再带名词或代词作宾语。(本句中about的逻辑宾语是nothing)我们会尽快讨论此事的。误：Well discuss about it as soon as possible.正：Well discuss it as soon as possible.析：discuss(讨论)为及物动词，后接宾语时，无需用介词。类似地，英语说consider sth,而不说consider about sth；可说doubt sth,而不说doubt about sth；可说explain sth，而不说explain about sth；可说report sth，而不说report about sth；等等。above prep.1.表示“在上方”、“高于”(与below相对)。如：The sun rose above the horizon.太阳已升到地平线以上。The plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。参见above与over的有关用法及区别。2.表示在地位、级别、能力、资历、重要性等方面“超过”、“在之上”、“比强”。如：He is above the others in ability.他的能力优于其他人。He is above me in every way.他各个方面都比我强。As a scholar, he is far above me.作为一个学者，他远远超过了我。3.表示在程度或限度等方面“超过”、“超越”等，这类短语通常用作表语。如：The book is above me (my understanding).这本书我读不懂。The lecture was above the heads of most of the audience.大部分听众听不懂这个演讲。His heroism was above (beyond) all praise.他的英勇行为非言辞所能赞扬。注：以上用法中的above有时可用beyond代之，尤其是其后接的是人称代词或人名时。如：The problem is above (beyond) me.这个问题我不懂。4.表示因优秀或出色等而“不致于”、“不屑于”、“不会”等，主要指道德方面，在句中主要用作表语：She is above telling a lie.她不致于说谎。He is above doing such things.他不致于做出那样的事来。He is above meanness and deceit.他不致于做出卑劣和欺骗的事情来。If you want to learn, you must not be above asking questions.你如果要学习，就要不耻下问。above&overprep. & adv.1.两者均可用的场合：(1)当表示垂直在上的正上方时，两者均可用。如：A lamp was hanging over above the table.电灯悬挂在桌子上方。Wild geese were flying above over the lake.野雁在湖上飞翔。(2)当用作副词且与and, or连用，表示“以上”时，两者均可用。如：You get an A grade for scores of 75 and over above. 75分或75分以上的分数就是优等。2.通常用above的场合(1)当不是表示垂直在上的上方时，通常用above。如：Weve got a little house above the lake.我们在湖边高坡上有一所小房子。(2)当表示温度、高度以及有纵向可比标准时，通常用above。如：Todays temperature is 10 degrees above zero.今天气温是零上10度。The town is 2,000 feet above sea level.这座城市海拔2,000英尺。3.通常用over的场合(1)表示覆盖意义时，通常用over。如：Spread a cloth over the table.在桌上铺一块桌布。(2)表示横过或越过时，通常用over。此时也可用across。如：There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。The terrorists escaped across over the border.恐怖分子越过边境逃走了。(3)当表示数量的“多于”，含有类似more than的意思时，原来可用over，也可用above。但在现代英语中，通常只用over。如：The blue whale grows to over 30 metres long.蓝鲸可长到三十多米长。(4)涉及速度时，若要表示“高于”“多于”，通常用介词over。如：At the time he was diving at over100 mph.这时他的车速为每小时一百多英里。(5)涉及年龄时，若要表示“高于”“多于”，通常用介词over。此时也可用past。如：She didnt marry until she was over fifty.她直到五十多岁才结婚。I dont know how old he is, but he looks well over past forty.我不知道他多少岁，但是他看上去有四十多岁了。注：有时也可用above，尤其是与the age of连用时。如：We cannot accept children above over the age of 10.我们不能接受10岁以上的儿童。4.see above与see over在书或文章中，see above的意思是“见前文”“见上文”，see over的意思是“见下一页”，两者意思几乎相反，注意不要弄混。如：See above, page 97见前文，第97页。See over for further information.详情请见下一页。5.over and aboveover and above为习语，意为“此外”“另外”，与in addition to同义。如：There are other factors over and above those we have discussed.除了我们所讨论的之外，还有其他因素。abroadadv.1.表示“在国外”、“到国外”等，是副词，不是名词，因此不能与in, to, at等介词连用；其前也不用冠词。如：He has gone abroad with his wife.他已与他妻子出国了。His son was living abroad.他儿子当时住在国外。不能说：go to (the) abroad / live in (the) abroad注意：abroad之前虽不能用in, to之类的介词，但是却可以用介词from。如：He just came back from abroad.他刚从国外回来。汉语中的“国内外”，说成英语是at home and abroad。如：He is famous at home and abroad.他闻名国内外。2.由于是副词，不是形容词，所以不能用于名词前作定语。但是，若语义需要，它可置于名词后作定语。如：My first journey abroad is something I shall never forget.我第一次出国旅行的情景是我永远不会忘记的。She used to be terribly shy, but a year abroad has completely transformed her.她过去十分腼腆，但在国外呆了一年以后完全变了。比较下面两句abroad与from abroad用作后置定语的区别：Investments abroad set another record last year.向国外的投资去年又创新经录。Investments from abroad set another record last year.来自国外的投资去年又创新经录。absentadj./v.1.用作形容词，意为“缺席的”。要表示“做某事缺席”，其后常接介词from。如：Some students were absent from class.有些学生上课缺席。They were absent from work that day.他们那天都没有上班。有时根据不同的语境，也可能使用不同的介词。如：Hes absent inBeijing.他外出了，现在北京。用作形容词，有时表示“心不在焉”、“茫然的”等，通常只用作定语。如：He had an absent look on his face.他脸上露出茫然的神色。absent-minded意为“心不在焉的”、“健忘的”(可用作表语或定语)。如：He is always absent-minded.他老是心不在焉。2. 用作动词(及物)，意为“缺席”，常接反身代词作宾语。表示“做某事缺席”，其后也接介词from。如：He absented himself from the meeting.他开会缺席。He absented himself from class.他旷课。另外注意，absent用作形容词和动词时，重音位置不同。acceptv.表示“接受”，可及物或不及物。如：She offered him a lift and he accepted (it).她请他坐她的车，他就领情了。I havent received his letter for a long time.我很久没有收到他的来信了。注：accept与receive不同，后者“收到”、“接到”。如：She received his present, but she didnt accept it.她收到了他的礼物，但是没有接受。2.可接名词或代词作宾语，但一般不接不定式。如：He asked her to marry him and she accepted him.他向她求婚，她同意了。注意：不说she accepted to marry him.accidentn.1.主要表示偶然发生的意外事件或意外事故。如：Im sorry I broke the glass. It was an accident.我很抱歉打破了玻璃杯，这完全是无意的。About ten people were killed in the car accident.在这次车祸中大约有10个人丧生。2.用于by accident(偶然地)。如：I only found it by accident.我只是碰巧找到它的。according toprep.1.主要用来表示“根据”某学说、某书刊、某文件、某人所说等或表示“按照”某法律、某规定、某惯例、某情况等。如：According to the radio, it will rain tomorrow.据电台广播，明天有雨。Each man will be paid according to his ability.每个人将根据他的能力获得报酬。2.according to表示“根据”，通常是指根据别人或别处，而不能根据自己，所以其后不能接表示第一人称的代词(如me, us)，同时也很少接表示第二人称的代词(you)，但用于第三人称(如him, her, Jim, Mary, the doctor等)则属正常用法。如：误：According to me, the film is wonderful.正：In my opinion, the film is wonderful.依我看，这部电影很不错。另外注意：according to后也不接view(看法)和opinion(意见)这类词表示看法的词。如：误：According to my opinion, he did it very well.正：In my opinion, he did it very well.在我看来，他干得很不错。achev.&n.1.用作动词，通常不及物。如：My tooth ache.我的牙痛。Im aching all over.我全身都痛。2.用作名词，通常可数。如：I have an ache in my stomach.我胃痛。His body was all aches and pains.他浑身疼痛。注：用作名词的ache通常用于复合词中。如：headache(头痛)，toothache(牙痛)，stomachache(胃痛)，backache(背痛)，earache(耳痛)等。在这些带有-ache的复合词中，headache是一个规则的可数名词(可与不定冠词连用，也可有复数形式)，而其它的词则用作可数或不可数名均可(在美国英语中通常用作可数名词)。如：Ive got a headache.我头痛。He often gets stomachache(s).他经常肚子痛。acrossprep.&adv.1.用作介词或副词，注意以下用法：(1)表示动态意义，意为“横过”、“到的另一边”。如：I cam swim across the river in 10 minutes.我可以在十分钟之内游过河去。(介词用法)Can you swim across?你能游过去吗? (副词用法)(2)表示静态意义，意为“在的另一边”。如：My house is just across the street.我家就在街道对面。(介词用法)We leaveDoverat ten and we should be across in France by midnight.我们十点钟离开多佛，午夜时应能抵达法国那边。(副词用法)有可与介词from连用，表示“从的另一边”。如：He shouted to me from across the room.他从房间的另一边向我喊。(3)表示“交叉”(介词用法)或“从一边到另一边的宽度”(副词用法)。如：He sat there with his arms across his chest.他坐在那儿，两臂交叉放在胸前。(介词用法)The river is half a mile across.这条河半英里宽。(副词用法)2.不要将across误用作动词。如：不能说：The river is too deep and we cant across.可改为：The river is too deep and we cant cross.河水太深，我们过不了。3.用于come run across,意为“偶然遇见”、“意外发现”(不用于被动式)。如：Where did you come run across her?你在那儿碰到她的?Ive just come across a beautiful poem in this book.我在这本书里偶然发现一首优美的诗。addressn.&v.1.用作名词，意为“地址”。汉语中的“你住在哪?”在英语中不能直译为：Where is your address?因为此句的实际意思是“你的地址放在哪里?”(即写有你的地址的纸条放在哪儿了?)要表示“你住在哪?”一般说：Where do you live?也可以说成Whats your address?2.用作动词，注意以下用法：(1)表示“写地址”或“写信给”。如：Please address these letters.请把这些信写上地址。The card was wrongly addressed to our old home.那张明信片误写了我们的旧地址。(2)表示“向讲话”(及物)，属正式用法。如：The mayor addressed the crowd.市长向群众讲话。Address your remarks to me, please.请把你的意见向我说吧。(3)用于address oneself to,意为“着手”、“致力于”。如：She addressed herself to the main difficulty.他致力地解决主要困难。admirev.1.通常只作及物动词，通常用于admire (sb for) sth,意为“因为而钦佩或赞美某人”。如：We admired (him for) his honesty.人们赞美他的诚实。I admire (him for) his success in business.我们佩服他事业有成。2.其后一般不接that从句，但有时可接what从句。如：We admire (him for ) what he has done.我们对他所做的事很钦佩。但不说：We admire that he is honest.admitv.1.表示“承认”，注意以下用法：(1)表示“承认做了某事”，其后通常接动名词不接不定式。如：I admit breaking the window.我承认打破了窗子。表示“承认”时，有时用于admit to,此时的admit为不及物动词，但该结构中的介词to常可省略，省略介词后admit即为及物动词。如：He would never admit to being wrong.他从不认错。He admitted (to) stealing.他供认了偷盗。(2)有时其后接带不定式的复合宾语，但其中的不定式通常应是tobe。如：She admitted him to be right.她承认他是对的。You must admit the task to be difficult.你们得承认任务是艰巨的。(3)有时可后接从句。如：I admit (that) I was wrong(=I admit my mistake).我承认我错了。2.表示“允许进入”、“使能进入”，可指进入某一具体场所也可指进入某一组织机构等。如：This ticket admits one person only.此券只准一人入场。There were no windows to admit air.没有窗子可使空气流入。The school admits 200 students every year.这所学校每年招收200名学生。试比较以下两句(注意介词不同。如：She was admitted to into the Party.她被吸收入党。She was admitted as a Party member.她被接纳为党员。表示“允许进入”等，也含有动态意味，所以一般不与enter, goin之类的词连用。如：通常不说：He opened the door and admitted me to enter into the house. (可将to enter去掉)advancen.&v.1.用作名词，表示“前进”时，多为不可数名词；表示“进展”、“进步”、“改进”等义时，多为可数名词。如：The armys advance was very slow.部队推进很慢。Chinahas made great advances in industry.中国在工业方面进步很大。比较：in advance(事先，提前)和in advance of (在前面)。如：The rent must be paid in advance.租金必须预付。He is far in advance of his class.他在班上遥遥领先。2.用作动词，基本义为“前进”，注意其后所接介词：(1)表示推进的方向，通常用介词to, towards。如：The troops advanced to the river.部队行进到河边。They advanced towards the castle.他们向城堡推进。(2)表示进攻的对象，通常用介词on, upon。如：The soldiers advanced on the enemy.士兵们向敌人进击。They advanced upon the enemy.他们向敌人进攻。advicen.1.表示“建议”、“劝告”、“忠告”等，是不可数名词，若表示一条或几条建议或劝告，要借用piece这样的词。如：This is a good piece of advice.这是一条很好的建议。2.表示按照某人的意见做某事，一般要用介词on或by。如：We did the work on by her advice.我们按她的意见做此工作。3.表示提出建议或忠告，一般用动词give；表示向某人请教或征求意见，一般用动词ask (for)；表示接受意见或劝告，一般用动词take, follow, accept等。如：The old often give good advice to the young.老年人常常对年轻人提出金玉良言。You should ask for the teachers advice. /You should ask the teacher for advice.你应该去征求老师的意见。If we had followed his advice, we could have done the job better with less money and fewer people.要是听取了他的意见，我们不仅可以节省人力、物力，而且还会把工作做得更好。4.其后若出现that从句，通常用“should动词原形”这样的虚拟语气。如：My advice is that he (should) give up smoking.我建议他戒烟。advisev.1.表示“建议”，通常为及物动词，若其后的宾语是动词，通常应是动名词，而不能是不定式。如：我建议等到适当的时候。正：I advise waiting till the right time.误：I advise to wait till the right time.注意：advise之后不能直接跟不定式，但可接不定式的复合结构。如：The doctor advised me to stop smoking.医生建议我戒烟。注意advise后接不定式复合结构时的被动语态形式不要与上面第一个句型混为一谈。如：主动式：He advised us to sell the house.被动式：We were advised to sell the house.比较错误句型：We advised to sell the house.（误）2.其后若接that从句，通常要用虚拟语气(shouldv)。如：He advised that I (should) write her a letter.他建议我给她写封信。3.比较以下同义句型：请指点我选哪一个。正：Please advise me which to choose.正：Please advise me which I should choose.我劝他不要一个人去。正：I advised him not to go alone.正：I advised him against going alone.affectv.1.表示“影响”(及物)。如：Smoking affects health.吸烟影响健康。Water pollution affects water quality.水的污染影响水质。2.表示“感动”、“感伤”(及物)。如：His death affected us deeply.他的死使我们很感伤。The sight affected her to tears.此情此景使她感动得流泪。有时用于被动语态。如：We were affected by her words.我们为她的话所感到。affordv.1.与can, be able to等连用，表示“担负得起”某事或某物的费用、损失、后果等，或“抽得出”时间等，后面通常可接名词、代词、不定式等(主要用于否定句或疑问句)。如：I cant afford (to buy) a new coat.我没钱买件新外衣。He cant afford the time for it.他抽不出时间来做此事。He says he really cant afford to wait another day.他说他确实一天也不能再等了。2.表示“提供”、“给予”，其后可以接双宾语(直接宾语通常为抽象概念)，若双宾语交换位置，要用介词to(此时无需连用can, be able to)。如：His visit affords us great pleasure. /His visit affords great pleasure to us.他的来访给我们带来极大的快乐。afraidadj.1.是形容词，不是动词，所以不能单独用作谓语。如：Dont be afraid.别怕。不能说：Dont afraid.2.是表语形容词，一般不能放在名词前作定语。但若是本身有修饰语，则也可以放在名词前作定语；有时构成短语可放在被修饰的名词后作后置定语。如：a boy afraid of dogs怕狗的男孩a very much afraid boy一个十分胆怯的男孩。3.Im afraid意为“恐怕”，主要用来委婉地提出异议或说出令人不快的事情等。如：Im afraid (that) he is ill.恐怕他生病了。Its too expensive, Im afraid.恐怕太贵了。Im afraid之后可接so或not,表示前面所提到的情况。表肯定时用so；表否定时用not。如：A: Will he come today?他今天会来吗?B: Im afraid so (not).恐怕会(不会)吧。注意上面的否定说法不能改为Im not afraid (so)。4.表示“害怕做某事”或“不敢做某事”，be afraid之后可接不定式，也可接of doing sth,如：Im afraid to jump of jumping.我不敢跳。但若要表示担心可能会发生某事，则只能用be afraid of doing而不能用be afraid to do。如：我怕伤了她的感情。正：I was afraid of hurting her feelings.误：I was afraid to hurt her feelings.afterconj.，prep.&adv.1.用作连词时，它所引导的时间状语从句通常要用一般现在时来表示将来意义(若强调完成也可用现在完成时)，但不能直接使用一般将来时。如：请告诉她我买些东西就回来。误: Please tell her Ill come back after I will do some shopping.正：Please tell her Ill come back after I do have done some shopping.2.一般说来，如果在过去某一时间内先后发生了两个动作，那么先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。但是若用了连词after来连接这两个动作，由于after本身已说明了两个动作的先后关系，所以两者均可用一般过去时。如：After he (had) closed the door, he left the house.关了门之后，他就离开了家。3.有时以连词after引导的时间状语从句可以换成一个以介词after引导介词短语或以连词after引导的分词短语，而意义不变。如：He went to bed after he had supper (=after supper).吃了晚饭之后，他就上床睡觉了。After she (had) finished (=After having finished / After finishing / Having finished) her work she left the office.她干完活后就离开了办公室。4.after有时用