2013高考复习-----定语从句.doc

金太阳新课标资源网 定语从句1、定义：在主从复合句中，用来修饰某一_词或_词的从句叫定语从句。2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之_. Those _ _ willing to attend the party, sign here please.基本形式： noun/pronoun + _或_ 定从 如：Ive read all the books (that) you lent me. 划线部分为_定从,先行词是_关系词是_先行词在定从中充当_ eg. I have lost my pen, which I like very much.划线部分为_定从,其特点是_ 先行词是_关系词是_先行词在定从中充当_3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。This is the place _ _worth visiting.关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。There are many places we can visit them in China.(改错)4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词。 1).关系代词先行词关系代词用：在定从中充当的成分人物人或物人或物定语_as2).关系副词先行词关系副词用在定从中充当的成分时间名词地点名词原因名词先行词是“时间、地点、原因名词”时，并非总是用“when, where，why”来引导定从，应视该名词在定从中所充当的成分而定.不能引导非限制性定从的关系词是_ .5、确定关系词的步骤 （1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。6、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which（1）先行词被形容词最高级 序数词 基数词几种词修饰或被 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels _filled his bus.（4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。The village is no longer the one _ was 5 years ago.（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。Which are the books _ you bought for me ?（6）当主句 “ there be “开头时，关系代词要用that 引导的定语从句修饰该句型的主语。There are four desks in the middle of the office _ are used for the teachers.(7)当先行词是 “ to be “ 后面的表语时关系代词用that . This is the dictionary _ was bought in the bookstore yesterday7、宜用which而不用that的情况 （1）在非限制性定语从句中 （2）在关系词前有介词时 （3）当先行词本身是that时 （4）当关系词离先行词较远时(5)those/that +名词后的定语从句用which引导。不能用关系代词that。That pen _ he took is mine. which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语， 不用that. He succeeded in the competition, _made his parents very happy.(6) 关系代词后面有插入语时，用关系代词 which. Here is the English grammar book _, as I have told you, will help to improve your English.8、关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词（1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。（2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。（3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。 Who is that girl _ _standing by the window?（4）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。 (5) 当先行词是指人的集合名词时，如果作这个名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。 Mr. Smith came to visit my family, _ were watching TV then. Our class, _ is a very good one, was praised again at the meeting. (6) 当先行词有较长的后置定语或者在被分割的定语从句中，宜用关系代词 who : Pro. Wang is coming soon_ will give us a talk on how to learn English.(7) 当先行词是一个限定性的表示人的特定名词时,常用who : The aunt/uncle _ came to see us last week is my brothers sister.9、whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。 Do you know Mr.Smith _story is very moving ?There is a room, _ window faces the river. There is a room, the window_ _faces the river.10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。（1）先行词被such，so和the same修饰，或句型as many（much）中，从句都用as 引导。Such books _you bought _ useful. The school is just the same _it was 10 years age.注意：区别such that 引导的结果状语从句。They are such lovely children _ we love them much. the same that 引导定语从句。I want to use the same tool _ you used just now.（2）无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。区别：意义上：as 含有“这点正如一样”。位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。3 as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。 He didnt pass the exam, _ we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow, _can keep the cold out. _ is known, the earth is round, not flat.It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park. A. that B. which C. as D. it1.这和我昨天丢掉的笔是一样的This is the same pen _ I lost yesterday.2.这正是我昨天丢掉的笔This is the same pen _ I lost yesterday.3.He is such a funny sort of person_ I dont understand at all.4.The stone is so heavy _ none of us can lift . 5.Its such a heavy stone _ none of us can lift it .6.Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem _ none of us worked out .11、关系副词 when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which where指地点 = in / at / from / whichwhy指原因 = for which 当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）I dont like the way _ / _ _/ _he talks.当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。This is the first time _I have given you a lesson in French.12、定语从句与强调句。 定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。 强调it无意义，that / who不是引导词。 强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。 It is the museum t_ we visited last year.(_句) It was in the hotel_ we stayed last night.（_句）13、定语从句与同位语从句。定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。 Word came _ their army was defeated.(_语) We expressed to them our wish _was the same as their.(_语)14、关系词在从句中省略。 关系词作宾语，前无介词时。 关系词作表语。15、介词+关系代词：关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。She has collected 600 stamps, 60% of_ are German stamps.像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。This is the boy_ she has taken care of.介词在关系代词前时，只能用which 和whom不能用that 代替，也不可省略；介词在句尾时，关系代词可which ,that ,whom, who,都行，而且还可以省略。 This is the drawer in _ I put my letters. = This is the drawer_ I put my letters in.关系代词前介词的确定:1）根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系 Is that the newspaper _ which you often write articles?2）根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭Can you explain to me how to use these idioms_ which Im not sure.3）根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯， 1949 was the year_ which the P.R.C. was founded.4）非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.5.）Whose从句可转换为“ _ +_”型They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.= They lived in a house, _ _ the door opens to the south./ They lived in a house, _ _ _ _ open to the south.16、几个必记得特殊的定语从句句型： He is the only one of the students who _ got very good marks in the match.（句中_为先行词）He is one of the students who_ got good marks in the match.（句中_为先行词）Is this place _we visited yesterday? Is this the place_ we visited yesterday ? He stood at the window, from _ he could see what was happening.It may rain, in _case the match will be put off.5)若先行词是: case, situation, point, stage时, 若充当定从的“主、宾、表”时，用which 或that + 定从, 若充当定从的“状语”时，用where + 定从. The situation _the students designed for the play proved a success.( ) The situation _the students acted the play proved a success6）way后面的定语从句 Please tell me the way _ you did the job.This was the reason _ he gave_ he liked the way _Tom thought of.17 、注意区别以下几种句型：1) It was/ will be + 段时间 before-从句 2) It is /has been + 段时间 since-从句(过去时) 3) It was + 点时间 when-从句 4) It was +时间状语 that-从句1)It was 2 p.m. _he came back. 2)It was at 2 p.m. _ he came back.3)It wasnt 2 p.m. _ he came back. 4)It wasnt until 2 p.m. _ he came back.5)It is 2 hours _he came back.18、解题技巧：把握关系代词和关系副词在功能上的区别，找准先行词，根据语境确定从句缺少的成分来选择关系词。方法一：及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。This is the mountain village _I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days _ I worked together with you.This is the mountain village _ I visited last year. I will never forget the days _ I spent in the countryside.方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。1). Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one2). Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。 行词为 by the time ,any time , the way, every time, the first time ,the last time 时，关系词不用when而用that.或省略. This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.但如果time前无修饰语,关系词用that when 均可 I will never forgot the time when (that) we met for the first time.2011年高考题1 (2011全国卷I) The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what2 (2011全国卷II)Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a Tshirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which3 (2011北京卷)26. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, make all the others upset. A. who B. which C. what D. that4 (2011上海卷) 39. Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family.A. which B. where C. when D. as5 (2011山东卷)32.The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.A. they B. where C. what D. that6 (2011江西卷)34. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years. A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which7 (2011江苏卷)24. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy icecream.A. when B. where C. that D. which8 (2011安徽卷)28. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks.A. when B. which C. where D. while9 (2011浙江卷)8. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it somewhat differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those 10 (2011浙江卷)10. A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A. when B. that C. where D. there11 (2011福建卷)24. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which B. where C. what D. who 12 (2011四川卷)17. The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D. where13 (2011天津卷)10. The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A. when B. that C. where D. which14 (2011陕西卷)11.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. A. which B. where C. who D. that15 (2011湖南卷)25.Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of _ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 2010年高考题1. （10福建24） Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually. A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whose 2. （10湖南28） Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which3.（10江西31） The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. A where B who C which D what4. （10山东24）Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What5. （10山东38） Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which6.（10天津8） -Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? -You should try the barbers I go. Its only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that7（10四川10） After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling， turned out to be a wise decision Athat Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere8. （10全国24） As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_ is named after his grandfather. A. which B. where C. what D. that 9. （10江苏32） The newly built caf, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. A. that B. it C. what D. which 10. （10陕西11） The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. Whose11. （10全国16） I refuse to accept the blame for something _was someone elses fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what12. （10湖北77） My mother was so proud of all _（我所做的）that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do)13. （10湖北80） _(正如我们强调的那样)many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress)14. （北京27） Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. that www. ks5u. com/gaokao/beijing15.（重庆28）In china, the number of cities is increasing _development is recognized across the world. A. where B. whichC. whose D. that16（10浙江3） The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city.Awhom Bwhich Cthem Dthose2009年高考题1.(09山东24) Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that 2.(09宁夏海南28) She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.A. them B. who C. whom D. these3.(09江苏23) Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. A. if B. when C. which D. since4.(09天津5) A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever5.(09陕西11). Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which 6.(09上海34) Mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed The Magic Flute are both museums now. A. where B. when C. there D. which 7.(09江西26) The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which 8.(09四川20) Shell never forget her stay there _ _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A. that B. which C. where D. when 9.(09辽宁23) Theyve won their last three matches. _I find a bit surprising A. that B. when C. what D. which 10.(09福建24) Its helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently. A. that B. when C. which D. where 11.(09浙江14) I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A. which B. where C. how D. why12.(09重庆34) Life is like a long race _we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A. why B. what C. that D. where 13.(09湖南26) I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. A. which B. of which C. that D. whose14.(09全国17) My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it 15.(09北京26) What do you think of teacher ,Bob？I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting . where B. which C. when D. that 2008年高考题1.(08北京28) Ill give you my friends home address，I can be reached most evenings.A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where2.(08安徽26) All the neighbors admire this family，the parents are treating their child like a friend.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that3.(08江西35) Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readersconsumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. A.whereB.whenC.whoD.which4.(08湖南31) The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors，are beyond our control.A.most of themB.most of which C.most of whatD.most of that5.(08陕西13) The man pulled out a gold watch，were made of small diamonds.A.the hands of whomB.whom the hands ofC.which the hands of D.the hands of which6.(08四川4) For many cities in the world，there is no room to spread out further， New York is an example.A.for which B.in which C.of whichD.from which7.(08重庆21) They will fly to Washington， they plan to stay for two or three days.A.where B.thereC.whichD.when8.(08浙江8) Yesterday she sold her car,_ she bought a month ago. A. when B. where C. that D. which9.(08福建31) By nine oclock，all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, appeared a rare rainbow soon. A.of whichB.on whichC.from whichD.above which10.(08江苏24) The Science Museum, we visited during a recent trip to Brit