牛津高一英语知识点讲解动词的时态语态.docx

牛津高一英语知识点讲解动词的时态语态1、 一般现在时的用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语： every, sometimes,at, on Sundaye.g.每天早上我七点离家上学。 I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天他骑车上班。 He cycles to work every day. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。e.g.地球绕着太阳转。 The earth moves around the sun. 上海位于中国的东部。 Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。e.g.Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。注意：此两种用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例如：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。e.g.安英语写得好但说得不好。Ann writes good English but does not speak well.知识扩展：一般现在时表将来或正在进行1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来，主要指按规定或计划好的将来的动作，常跟上时间状语。-When will the train be off ?- It _B_ at 3:15 p.m. A is leaving B leaves C has left D has been left2）以here, there 开头的感叹句中用一般现在时代替进行时表示瞬间动作。Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.3）在时间或条件句中，用一般现在时表将来。The water will be further polluted unless some measures _B_ .A will be taken B are takenC were taken D had been taken4）表示状态和感觉的动词。如：be, like, feel , hate , think , stay, sound , taste 等常用一般现在时。e.g. The news sounds good.6) 在某些短语（make/be sure , make certain , look out , take care , see to it )的从句中常用一般现在时表将来e.g. You must make sure the door is closed before you leave the lab.2.现在进行时1）表示此时正在进行或发生的动作,或用以描述一个频繁发生的动作.e.g. The telephone is ringing. Would you answer it , please ?2) 表示当前一段时间（或现阶段）正在进行而此刻不一定正在进行的动作句中常有: these days , this week.e.g. Is this raincoat yours? - No , mine _A_ there behind the door.A is hanging B has hung C hangs D hung3) 位移动词用现在进行时表将来通常有： come, go , move , fly , leave , arrivee.g. He is leaving for Shanghai.4) 句中有always, constantly, frequently, forever , 常用现在进行时表示一种感情色彩或强调情况的暂时性e.g. She is always helping others.5) 按计划一般不易改变的动作，除了用一般现在时，也可用现在进行时e.g. The plane is leaving at 12 p.m.6) 带有一种婉转的语气e.g. Im hoping to get a letter from you soon. Im looking forward to hearing from you soon.3. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _D_ to ask how I am going to spend the money. （05湖南卷） A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning 4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _A_ so rapidly. (2001 N) A. is changingB. has changed C. will have changedD. will change知识扩展：不用进行时的动词1) 事实状态的动词。如：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理状态的动词。如：know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate I need your help. He loves her very much 3）系动词。如：seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn You seem a little tired.3.现在完成时have / has done- Im sorry to keep you waiting.- Oh, not at all . I _A_ here only a few minutes. A have been B had been C was D will be 1) for+ 一段时间，放在句末时，可以省去for , 但如放在句首或否定句中for 不省略2) 某些固定句型： a. This / It / That is the first (second) time +句子（通常用现在完成时）e.g. This is the second cigarette I have smoked today. It is the third time that Kate has been ill , isnt it ? b. This is the + 最高级名词句子（现在完成时）e.g. This is the best film I have ever seen . c. This is (the only) one of +名词句子（现在完成时）e.g. He is one of the brightest students who have graduated from our school.(1) - Do you know our town at all? - No, this is the first time I _B_ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming (2) - Have you _D_ been to our town before? - No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。(对）I havent received his letter for almost a month. (对）I havent received his letter for almost a month. . _C_ my sister three times today but her line was always busy. （05北京春季）A. Id phoned B. Ive been phoning C. Ive phoned D. I was phoning 说明：此题的干扰源是后面的 was busy。今天打了三次电话是用来表示结果的，只能用现在完成时；而每次她都占线是表示过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。. - You havent been to Beijing, have you?- _D_. How I wish to go there! (98 N)A. Yes, I haveB. Yes, I haventC. No, I haveD. No, I havent） have been to 去过, 现在不在那儿 have gone to 已去了，现在可能在那儿，可能在路上4） should have done 本该做某事 shouldnt have done 本不该做某事 would have done 本想做某事 need have done 本有必要做某事 must have done 一定做过某事.现在完成进行时过去发生的动作持续到现在并可能继续发生。have / has been doing1）不可以用于进行时态的动词，如；be , like, know , see, hear , belong , hate等，也不能用于现在完成进行时）用“how long ”结构征询目前正在进行的动作时，习惯上用现在完成进行时e.g. How long have you been learning French? - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. - I am tired. I _C_ the living room all day. (98 N) A. paintedB. had painted C. have been paintingD. have painted说明：这句话的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”，现在完成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中。强调的是“一直在做”。8. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy_B_ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. （04北京） A had consideredB has been considering C consideredD is going to consider说明：她“一直在考虑返校”是现在完成进行时，“还没作决定”是现在的结果。5.一般过去时）.表示一个发生在过去某一特定时间的动作或状态，一种过去的习惯和一个在过去某一时间中已结束的动作1. - Nancy is not coming tonight. - But she _B_! (98 N) A. promisesB. promisedC. will promise D. had promised2. My uncle _B_ until he was forty-five. (2000 上海) A. marriedB. didnt marry C. was not marryingD. would marry3. - You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? (N2002) - Im sorry I _D_ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt sayingB. dont sayC. wont sayD. didnt say）表示过去经常发生的动作或习惯性动作，也可用used to do 或would doe.g. I would swim in the river during the vocation . Mother used to tell us stories when we were young.3)表示“原来”时，经常用一般过去时，近几年的考题多涉及这一用法。e.g. I didnt know you were here. - Oh, its you ! I didnt recognize you.The pen I _D_ I _D_ is on my desk.A think , lost B thought , had lostC think , had lost D thought, have lost 4) 当我们按照时间顺序来谈论过去连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时，常用一般过去时e.g. On Saturday afternoon , Mrs. Green went to the market , bought some bananas and visited her cousin.5) 一般过去时在一些虚拟语气中表示与现在或将来的动作相反e.g. Its timeI wish + that (用一般过去时）as ifI would rathere.g. Its time we started our work.I wish I were an engineer.I would rather you didnt do that now6.过去进行时）过去某个时间正在进行或正在发生的动作，也可能表示过去一段时间内发生的动作e.g. Hey, look where you are going. -Oh, Im terribly sorry. _B_.A Im not noticing B I wasnt noticingC I havent noticed D I dont notice-Excuse me , sir. Would you do me a favor?-Of course. What is it?-I _B_ if you could tell me how to fill out this form.A had wondered B was wonderingC would wonder D did wonder2) 过去进行时的另一种主要用法是描述某一件事发生的背景（句子中的两个动作，背景动作时间长，但另一个短动作更重要，因此，短动作用一般过去时，背景动作用过去进行时e.g. It _was snowing _(snow) as they _made_ (make) their way to the front. Tom_ _slipped_ (slip) into the house when no one_looking_ (look)3) 和现在进行时一样，与always , constantly, frequently, forever 等连用，表示一种感情色彩e.g. He was making trouble all the time.7.过去完成时到过去某个时间为止已发生的动作,用过去完成时. had donee.g. Helen _C_ her keys in the office , so she had to wait until her husband _ home. A has left , comes B left, had come C had left , came D had left , would come2) 用于it was +时间since引导的从句中e.g. I said it was at least ten years since I _had enjoyed_ ( enjoy ) a good time.3) scarcely /hardly +had done+ when no sooner +had done + than 刚就e.g. We had scarcely got in the grain when it began to rain.He _D_ to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.A has no sooner got B no sooner gotC will no sooner get D had no sooner got4) 有些动词如: hope , plan , think , want , mean , suppose , intend 等动词的过去完成时，可用来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图e.g. I had hoped you would turn a university student.5) 用在if only , would rather, wish 是虚拟语气及虚拟条件句中，表示与过去的事实相反e.g. If only I had taken his advice. I would rather you had told me the truth. I wish I had seen you yesterday.）用于某些固定句型中 It was the first time +从句e.g. It was the first time that he had sung in English.6. The little girl _B_ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it. (02 北京) A. had cried, lostB. cried, had lost C. has cried, has lostD. cries, has lost 7. Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. Oh! I thought they _D_ without me. (05江西卷)Awent Bare going Chave gone Dhad gone 8 过去完成进行时指到过去某个时间为止一直在进行的动作，并有继续发生的可能性had been doinge.g. It had been raining for a week by then.9 一般将来时表现的形式很多，如下：be going to 常用来表示已决定或安排要做的事或打算，也可用于必然或很可能发生的事，或者已有客观迹象表明将要发生的情况e.g. Look at those clouds! It _is going to rain_ (rain)2) shall / will 表示临时决定做某事，还可以表示意愿e.g. Ill tell you about it if you will listen to me.- Youve left the light on.- Oh, so I have. _A_ and turn it off.A Ill go B Ive gone C I go D Im going3) 由表示位移的动词的进行时表将来e.g. When are the men coming from England?be to do 表示约定的或按职责、义务、要求即将发生的动作，还可表示注定要发生的动作、意图、可能性e.g. I feel it is your husband who _is to blame _ (blame) for the spoilt child.5) be about to 表示即将发生的动作，但不与时间状语连用e.g. She is about to set off.6) be due to 表示将来的用法与时刻表或计划有关e.g. The train to Beijing is due to arrive at 12:15.高考题点击：1. If a man _B_ succeed, he must work as hard as he can. (95 上海) A. willB. is toC. is going toD. should2. - Sorry I forgot to post the letter for you. - Never mind, _A_ it myself tonight. A. Im going to post B. Id better to post C. Ill post D Id rather10.过去将来时多由 would do 构成1）从过去的观点看将要发生的事情e.g. He told us that the journey would be exciting.2) 表示过去的习惯性动作e.g. He would bring something nice to me when he was young.3) 表示客气的请求e.g. Would you mind if I smoke?11将来完成时 shall/ will have done常与by和 before引导的将来时间连用e.g. By the end of next month, we surely _C_ a satisfactory solution to the problem. A have found B will be finding C will have found D are finding12将来进行时 will / shall be doing表示将来某个时刻正在进行或发生的动作，常有时间状语e.g. At this time tomorrow _ over the Atlantic. A. were going to fly B. well be flying C. well fly D. were to fly高考题点击：1. - Can I join the club, Dad? - You can when you _A_ a bit older. (94 N) A. getB. will getC. are gettingD. will have got2. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _B_. (2001上海) A. have survivedB. are to survive C. would surviveD. will survive3. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _C_for London to attend a meeting. (05天津卷) A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left 4. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _B_ office soon. (93 N) A. leavesB. would leaveC. leftD. had left5. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year. (2002上海) A. will graduateB. will have graduated C. graduatesD. is to graduate说明：by the time 引导的是时间状语从句，故不能使用将来时。D选项虽可考虑，但 be to 结构大多用来表示“义务、决定、职责、约定”等，与句意不合。注意：宾语从句中，主句是现在的时态，从句的时态不受限制；主句是过去的时态，从句要用过去的某一时态从句是客观真理时，从句不受主句时态的影响定语从句，比较状语从句不受主句时态的影响被 动 语 态1.被动语态由助动词be + done 在be动词，情态动词和助动词后面加be动词的各种形式，如：being, been , be等e.g. He is reading a book. A book is being read by him. They would buy the house. The house would be bought by them.I have seen the f