增碳剂 Carburizing agent(中英文对照).docx

增碳剂炼钢用增碳剂和铸铁用增碳剂，以及其他一些添加材料也有用到增碳剂，增碳剂属于外加炼钢、炼铁增碳原料。优质增碳剂是生产优质钢材必不可少的辅助添加剂。Carburizing agentUsing carburizing agent and cast iron using carburizing agent steel, and other materials are also useful for adding to the carburant carburant is applied, steelmaking, iron carbon materials. High quality carburizing agent is essential to producing high quality steel auxiliary additives.介绍：增碳剂的原料有很多种，生产工艺也各异，有木质碳类，煤质碳类，焦炭类，石墨类等，其中各种分类下又有很多小种类。优质增碳剂一般指经过石墨化的增碳剂，在高温条件下，碳原子的排列呈石墨的微观形态，所以称之为石墨化。石墨化可以降低增碳剂中杂质的含量，提高增碳剂的碳含量，降低硫含量。增碳剂在铸造时使用，可大幅度增加废钢用量，减少生铁用量或不用生铁。电炉熔炼的投料方式，应将增碳剂随废钢等炉料一起往里投放，小剂量的添加可以选择加在铁水表面。但是要避免大批量往铁水里投料，以防止氧化过多而出现增碳效果不明显和铸件碳含量不够的情况。增碳剂的加入量，根据其他原材料的配比和含碳量来定。不同种类的铸铁，根据需要选择不同型号的增碳剂。增碳剂特点本身选择纯净的含碳石墨化物质，降低生铁里过多的杂质，增碳剂选择合适可降低铸件生产成本。Introduction:Carburizing agent there are many kinds of raw materials, production processes are different, there are wooden carbon carbon, coal, coke, graphite, in which all kinds of classification, there are many small species. High quality carburizing agent generally refers to the graphite carbon, under the condition of high temperature, carbon atoms arranged in graphite morphology, so called graphite. Graphite can reduce the content of impurity in recarburizer, increasing carbon content of carburizing agent, reducing sulfur content. Carbon in cast use, can greatly increase the amount of scrap, reduce the amount of pig iron or no iron. Furnace feeding way, should be the carbon with scrap charge to put in, small dose of added the option of adding on the surface of molten iron. But you should avoid large quantities of hot metal in to feed, to prevent oxidation and carbonization of excessive effect is not obvious and castings of carbon content of the insufficient. Carburizing agent dosage, according to other raw material ratio and carbon content to be. Different types of cast iron, according to the needs of different types of carburant. Selection of pure carbon graphite material carburant characteristics, reduces the cast iron excessive impurities, carbon agent selection can reduce the production cost of casting.使用：在冶炼过程中，由于配料或装料不当以及脱碳过量等原因，有时造成钢中碳含量没有达到顶期的要求，这时要向钢液中增碳。常用的增碳剂有增碳生铁、电极粉、石油焦粉、木炭粉和焦炭粉。转炉冶炼中、高碳钢种时，使用含杂质很少的石油焦作为增碳剂。对顶吹转炉炼钢用增碳剂的要求是固定碳要高，灰分、挥发分和硫、磷、氮等杂质含量要低，且干燥、干净、粒度适中。其固定碳组分为：w(C)96%，挥发分1.0%，w(S)0.5%，w(水分)0.55%，粒度为1一5mm.粒度太细容易烧损，太粗加入后浮在钢液表面，不容易被钢水吸收。针对感应电炉的颗粒度在0.2-6mm，其中钢和其他黑色金属颗粒度在1.4-9.5mm，高碳钢要求低氮，颗粒度在 0.5-5mm，等等具体需要根据具体的炉型冶炼工件的种类等等细节具体判断和选用。Use：In the smelting process, because the ingredients or charging improperly and decarbonization excess and other reasons, sometimes resulting in carbon content in steel does not reach the top stage requirements, then to carbon to molten steel. Carburizing agent commonly used are iron, carbon electrode powder, petroleum coke powder, charcoal powder and coke powder. In converter smelting, high carbon steel, with few impurities petroleum Jiaozuo as carburizing agent. The top blown converter steelmaking using carburizing agent is the requirement of fixed carbon to high, to low ash, volatile matter and sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen and other impurities, and dry, clean, moderate size. The fixed carbon composition is: w (C) 96%, volatile 1%, w (S) 0.5%, w 0.55% (water), particle size of 1 5mm. size is too small easy to burn out, too thick add floating in the liquid steel surface, not easy to be molten steel absorption. The induction furnace in which particle size 0.2-6mm, steel and other ferrous metal particles in high carbon steel 1.4-9.5mm, low nitrogen, particle size in the 0.5-5mm, etc. according to the specific needs of furnace smelting workpiece specific types and so on specific details of judgment and selection.1、炉内投入法：增碳剂适于在感应炉中熔炼使用，但依据工艺要求具体使用也不尽相同。(1) 在中频电炉熔炼中使用增碳剂，可按配比或碳当量要求随料加入电炉中下部位，回收率可达95%以上；(2) 如果碳量不足调整碳分时，先打净炉中熔渣，再加增碳剂，通过铁液升温，电磁搅拌或人工搅拌使碳溶解吸收，回收率可在90%左右，如果采用低温增碳工艺，即炉料只熔化一部分，熔化的铁液温度较低的情况下，全部增碳剂一次性加入铁液中，同时用固体炉料将其压入铁液中不让其露出铁液表面。这种方法铁液增碳可达1.0%以上。1, the furnace input method:Carburizing agent suitable for use in induction furnace melting, but according to the technical requirement of specific use are not the same.(1) the use of carbon in the intermediate frequency electric furnace, with the mixture into the furnace and lower position according to the ratio or carbon equivalent, the recovery rate can reach more than 95%;(2) if an insufficient amount of carbon carbon adjustment time, first hit the net furnace slag, plus the carburizing agent, the liquid iron temperature, electromagnetic stirring or artificial mixing the carbon absorbed, recovery rate of 90%, if the use of low temperature carburizing process, that is only a part of the burden of melting temperature of molten iron, molten under the condition of low carbon agent, all one-time join in liquid iron, and press it into the liquid iron does not let the exposed surface of the molten iron in solids. This method can reach to more than 1% iron liquid carburizing.2、炉外增碳：(1) 包内喷石墨粉选用石墨粉做增碳剂，吹入量为40kg/t，预期能使铁液含碳量从2%增到3%。随着铁液碳含量逐渐升高，碳量利用率下降，增碳前铁液温度1600，增碳后平均为1299。喷石墨粉增碳，一般采用氮气做载体，但在工业生产条件下，用压缩空气更方便，而且压缩空气中的氧燃烧产生CO,化学反应热可补偿部分温降，而且CO的还原气氛利于改善增碳效果。(2) 出铁时使用增碳剂可将100300目的石墨粉增碳剂放到包内，或从出铁槽随流冲入，出完铁液后充分搅拌，尽可能使碳溶解吸收，碳的回收率在50%左右。2, Furnace carburizing:(1) the bag spray graphiteGraphite powder carburizing agent, into the amount of 40kg/t, is expected to make the liquid iron carbon content from 2% to 3%. As the liquid iron carbon content gradually increased, decreased utilization of carbon, carbon iron liquid temperature 1600 , the average is 1299 . Spray graphite carbon, generally using nitrogen as carrier, but in the conditions of production, compressed air is more convenient, and the compressed air in the combustion to generate CO, chemical reaction heat can be part of the compensation temperature drop, and reducing atmosphere to improve the effect of CO.(2) the iron using carburizing agentThe 100 - 300 objective graphite carburant in the bag, or from the lander stream into, out of iron liquid and stir well, as far as possible to make the carbon dissolved carbon, the recovery rate was about 50%.作用：用于铸造，铸铁、铸钢，铸件会有对碳的一个要求，那么增碳剂顾名思义就是来增加铁液中的碳含量，又比如说，在熔炼中常用炉料为生铁、废钢、回炉料，生铁的碳含量高，但是却采购价格相对废钢来说是要高出一节的，所以增加废钢投放量，降低生铁投放量，加增碳剂，能起到一定的降低铸件成本的作用。Effect：For casting, cast iron, cast steel, cast will have a requirement to carbon, then the carburant just as its name implies is to increase the carbon content of molten iron, for example, in the melting furnace burden for pig iron, commonly used in scrap, scrap iron, the carbon content is high, but the purchase price of scrap steel is to a day, so the increase in scrap quantity, reduce the amount of pig iron, and carbon agent, can play a certain role in reducing the cost of castings.种类：增碳剂可以用作铸铁增碳剂的材料很多，常用的有人造石墨、煅烧石油焦、天然石墨、焦炭、无烟煤以及用这类材料配成的混合料。1人造石墨上述各种增碳剂中，品质最好的是人造石墨。制造人造石墨的主要原料是粉状的优质煅烧石油焦，在其中加沥青作为粘结剂，再加入少量其他辅料。各种原材料配合好以后，将其压制成形，然后在25003000、非氧化性气氛中处理，使之石墨化。经高温处理后，灰分、硫、气体含量都大幅度减少。由于人造石墨制品的价格昂贵，铸造厂常用的人造石墨增碳剂大都是制造石墨电极时的切屑、废旧电极和石墨块等循环利用的材料，以降低生产成本。熔炼球墨铸铁时，为使铸铁的冶金质量上乘，增碳剂宜首选人造石墨。2石油焦石油焦是目前广泛应用的增碳剂。石油焦是精炼原油得到的副产品，原油经常压蒸馏或减压蒸馏得到的渣油及石油沥青，都可以作为制造石油焦的原料，再经焦化后就得到生石油焦。生石油焦的产量大约不到所用原油量的5%。美国生石油焦的年产量约3000万t。生石油焦中的杂质含量高，不能直接用作增碳剂，必须先经过煅烧处理。生石油焦有海绵状、针状、粒状和流态等品种。海绵状石油焦是用延迟焦化法制得的，由于其中硫和金属含量较高，通常用作煅烧时的燃料，也可作为煅烧石油焦的的原料。经煅烧的海绵焦，主要用于制铝业和用作增碳剂。针状石油焦，是用芳香烃的含量高、杂质含量低的原料，由延迟焦化法制得的。这种焦炭具有易于破裂的针状结构，有时称之为石墨焦，煅烧后主要用于制造石墨电极。粒状石油焦呈硬质颗粒状，是用硫和沥青烯含量高的原料，用延迟焦化法制得的，主要用作燃料。流态石油焦，是在流态床内用连续焦化法制得的，呈细小颗粒状，结构无方向性，硫含量高、挥发分低。石油焦的煅烧，是为了除去硫、水分、和挥发分。将生石油焦于12001350煅烧，可以使其成为基本上纯净的碳。煅烧石油焦的最大用户是制铝业，70%用以制造使铝矾土还原的阳极。美国生产的煅烧石油焦，用于铸铁增碳剂的约占6%。3天然石墨天然石墨可分为鳞片石墨和微晶石墨两类。微晶石墨灰分含量高，一般不用作铸铁的增碳剂。鳞片石墨有很多品种：高碳鳞片石墨需用化学方法萃取，或加热到高温使其中的氧化物分解、挥发，这种鳞片石墨产量不多、价格高，一般也不作增碳剂；低碳鳞片石墨中的灰分含量高，不宜用作增碳剂；用作增碳剂的主要是中碳石墨，但用量也不多。4焦炭和无烟煤电弧炉炼钢过程中，可以在装料时配加焦炭或无烟煤作为增碳剂。由于其灰分和挥发分含量较高，感应电炉熔炼铸铁很少用作增碳剂。Species:Carburant carburant can be used as iron many materials, commonly used are artificial graphite, calcined petroleum coke, natural graphite, coke, anthracite and the use of this kind of material is added into the mixture.Artificial graphiteThe carburizing agent, the quality is the best artificial graphite. The main raw material for the manufacture of artificial graphite powder is the quality of calcined petroleum coke, in which added asphalt as binder, adding a small amount of other materials. With a variety of raw materials ready, pressed, and then in 2500 3000 , processing of non oxidizing atmosphere, the graphitization. After high temperature treatment, ash, sulfur, gas content are greatly reduced. As the artificial graphite products are expensive, commonly used artificial graphite foundry by agents are mostly carbon graphite electrode manufacturing chip, and the graphite electrode scrap pieces of material such as recycling, to reduce the cost of production. Smelting nodular cast iron, in order to make high quality cast iron metallurgy, should be the preferred artificial graphite carburant.Petroleum cokePetroleum coke is widely used carburizing agent.Petroleum coke is a byproduct of refining crude oil obtained, residue and petroleum asphalt oil often pressure distillation and vacuum distillation to obtain, can be used as raw material for manufacturing petroleum coke, coke is obtained by green petroleum coke. Petroleum coke production about less than 5% by volume of crude oil. USA annual production of petroleum coke is about 30000000 t. Raw petroleum coke in the high impurity content, can not be directly used as a carburizing agent, must first after calcination. Cavernous petroleum coke is delayed coking method were used, because of the high content of sulfur and metal, usually used when sintering fuel, can also be calcined petroleum coke as raw material. Calcined sponge coke, mainly used for aluminium and used as a carburizing agent. Acicular petroleum coke, is the use of high aromatic content, low impurity content of raw materials, obtained by the delayed coking method. Acicular petroleum coke, is the use of high aromatic content, low impurity content of raw materials, obtained by the delayed coking method. This coke is easy to break the needle like structure, sometimes called graphite, calcined coke, mainly used in the manufacture of graphite electrode. Was hard granular granular petroleum coke, sulfur and asphaltene is high content of raw materials, delayed coking method were used, mainly used as fuel. Fluid petroleum coke, is prepared by continuous coking in the fluidized bed inside, is granular structure, non directional, high sulfur content, low volatile. Calcined petroleum coke, is to remove sulfur, water, and v