2006年天津大学非英语专业研究生英语期末考试(真题+答案).doc

ENGLISH PROFICIENCY EXAMFOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTSTIANJIN UNIVERSITY JAN 13th, 2006PART 2 CLOZE (10%)Directions: In this part of the test, youll read an incomplete passage with10 blanks. Read the passage carefully, and choose the best answer from choices marked A, B, C and D. Then on your ANSWER SHEET, find the number of the question and mark your answer with a single line through the center.Americans have been awarded more than one-half of all Nobel Prizes in physics, chemistry and medicine since 1945. _15_ impressive success is no accident, but the result of a firm and consistent commitment by the federal government _16_ basic science research at our universities. Out nations policymakers and public have been prudent investors _17_ their support has paid off in tremendous ways.Americas investment in research over the last fifty years has been a vital _18_ of our economic and political strength around the world, as well as the quality of life Americans enjoy at home. The polio vaccine, computers, jet propulsion and disease resistant grains and vegetables are _19_ the thousands of advances pioneered at our universities that have had dramatic benefits for our health, economy, _20_ and quality of life. New and equally breathtaking advances may be just _21_ the corner. Genetic research, for example, gives _22_ of better treatments for Alzheimers, cancer and other diseases. Lighter and stronger composite materials may be developed with important applications in transportation, medicine and the military. Continuing support for university-based research will not only pave the way for these important breakthroughs, but will also train the next _23_ of pioneers and Nobelists.The engine of scientific innovation and discovery cannot fuel itself. Our own achievements and the benefits they have brought would not have been possible without the governments patient capital. Discoveries are rarely made instantaneously, but result from years of painstaking work by scientists in a variety of fields. With competition forcing industry to focus research investments on returns over the _24_, the government is left with the crucial role of making the longer term investment in discovery.15.A. ThisB. ThatC. AndD. So16.A. ofB. inC. toD. for17.A. forB. butC. soD. as18.A. reasonB. originC. statusD. source19.A. someB. amongC. ofD. just20.A. secureB. insecureC. securityD. insecurity21.A. aroundB. inC. atD. on22.A. futureB. cautionC. intentionD. promise23.A. generationB. groupC. herdsD. school24.A. immediateB. urgentC. long runD. shorter termPART 3. Vocabulary (10%)Directions: This section consists of 20 incomplete sentences. In each question there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D beneath each sentence. You are to choose the ONE word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your ANSWER SHEET, find the number of the question and blacken the corresponding letter of the answer you have chosen.25. You should also have a treasurer or accountant to _ the spending of the money and a finance chairman to raise it.A. circulateB. reinforceC. superviseD. enlarge 26.In Japan, by contrast, no single car-producer dominates, and the impetus for ever greater innovation and lower prices springs less from international competition than from the intense _ within Japan itself. A. incentiveB. rivalryC. recessionD. dilemma27.He enjoys his food and wine, but does not allow its enjoyment to _ the image which is important chiefly to himself, and then to his public.A. distortB. manifestC. glorifyD. squint 28.No reason was given for the departure of Rourke at the time, and this only served to _ speculation. A. intimateB. acquaintC. intensifyD. inspect29.However, he was a writer with a number of plays to his credit, none of them great successes but all _ note.A. short ofB. clear ofC. ashamed ofD. worthy of 30.Failure to _ with the regulations can result in a $10,000 fine or a six-month prison sentence.A. consultB. complyC. coincideD. compete 31.The new policy will drop a presumption in favor of house building _ other conservation considerations.A. at the expense ofC. in the process ofC. in the name ofD. in the midst of 32.The object of this letter is to _ policy holders of any changes affecting their policies.A. ridB. freeC. clearD. notify 33.Hinges and latches on garden gates are very _ to rust the action of opening and closing them will wear away any protective coating you may apply.A. tolerantB. hostileC. proneD. contrary 34.Although he found that television is far less violent than in the United States, Dr Tadecki intends to campaign with Mary Whitehouse to _ violence on the screen.A. inspectB. curbC. shieldD. tighten 35.But if the valuer is _ and you buy the property relying on his report, you may still be able to sue him for damages.A. patheticB. negligentC. depressiveD. authentic 36.A child under 10 incurs no criminal _ for its acts.A. dilemmaB. remorseC. liabilityD. sensation 37.Women work the same hours, only to rush off afterwards to do childcare, shopping, cooking and cleaning tasks from which men are _.A. conservativeB. vacantC. giddyD. exempt 38.He was unshaven, and his stomach was beginning to _ over his belt, but there were still traces of the fine, athletic figure and well-cut features that she had married seven years ago.A. protrudeB. distortC. overlookD. unfold 39.We believe that results can only be properly evaluated if the problems connected with the study are made _ rather than concealed.A. accessibleB. compatibleC. implicitD. manifest 40.Other countries currencies are either fixed in value or _ against the dollar in the worlds foreign exchange markets.A. regulateB. fluctuateC. devastateD. emulate 41.A failure to _ the legal requirements in contracting a marriage will render that marriage void.A. cling toB. hold toC. conform toD. subscribe to 42.As she walked onto the floor her heart was beating fast with excitement but her face was a smiling _ mask.A. sereneB. contentedC. feebleD. circular 43. After work the same evening, my husband and I walked all over the golf course and were eventually rewarded by spotting the dog in the distance, although we failed to _her towards us.A. commenceB. sootheC. coaxD. commend 44. The Governments _ for more competition less regulation and consumer choice is expected to result in three new national commercial radio networks as well as an excess of local and community stations.A. moduleB. seminarC. thirstD. guidance PART 4 READING COMPREHENSION (15%)Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (15%)Passage 1Something is wrong, if not rotten, in the state of New York, the state of California and every state in between. While searching endlessly for just the right diet, we are consuming ever more calories, growing ever more obese（肥胖）and suffering shocking rates of diabetes, hypertension and heart disease as a result. No one outside the weigh-loss industry is happy about the situation, but as the crisis worsens we seem to grow ever more confused about how we got here and ever more polarized about how to set things right. Stubborn vegetarians continue to rail against dietary fat and emulate Chinese peasants. Born-again carnivores blame white bread and force themselves onto all-meat diets in hopes of burning up their belly fat. Ordinary civilians throw up their hands and consume whatever is convenient which is to say potato chips and Coke.Is this the cost of modernity? Have we escaped scurvy, pellagra and rickets only to suffer higher-tech forms of inadequate nutrition? Somewhere in the fog of conflicting prescriptions, is there a diet thats both safe and tasty a diet that can control weight and promote health without denying us the pleasure of food?The federal government has long tried to get the best science on diet and health. But commercial pressures and bureaucratic obstacles have often clouded the results. The United States Department of Agricultures famous Food Guide Pyramid, first published in 1992, is now widely viewed as faulty. “The pyramid is a disaster,” says K. Din Gifford of Oldways, a non-profit think tank based in Boston. “The American epidemic of obesity is the proof that it hasnt worked. Period.”That doesnt mean all such efforts are doomed. Researchers have gained critical insights into diet and health in recent years. And while they wait for the USDA to remodel its pyramid, some of those experts are concocting whole new alternatives. By far the most ambitious of these efforts is the so-called Healthy Eating Pyramid devised by Dr. Walter and his colleagues at the Harvard School of Public Health. Instead of simply pooling diet preferences, the Willett team claims to have gathered the best evidence from all possible data sources. The Healthy Eating Pyramid has some controversial features, including a strong recommendation of calorie-rich vegetable oils and a virtual prohibition of potatoes and white rice. But its effects have been cleverly evaluated. The diet is designed not for short-term weight loss but for lifelong health. It doesnt require that you weigh your food or eat according to your blood type. As Willett likes to say, its ultimate message is simple: “Eat, drink and be healthy.”45. We learn from the first paragraph that the average American _ . A. eats more meat than vegetablesB. eats more vegetables than meatC. consumes a lot of fast foodD. pay more attention to diet than ever before46. According to the passage, Food Guide Pyramid _ .A. is misleading people on what to eatB. has done a good job on advising food to eatC. is a necessary evil in highly industrialized countriesD. is a non-profit think tank 47. It can be inferred from the passage that scurvy, pellagra and rickets _ . A. are diseases caused by lack of nutritionB. were epidemics once widespread in AmericaC. are diseases resulting from overeatingD. were once incurable diseases48. According to the author, the policy of the federal government concerning food _ . A. is based on solid scienceB. has undergone great changesC. is swayed by interest groupsD. often results in disaster49. The Healthy Eating Pyramid devised by Dr. Walter Willett and his colleagues at the Harvard School of Public Health _ . A. is likely to win universal acceptanceB. has brought about a lot of confusionC. is designed for long-term health benefitsD. aims to eliminate obesity throughout AmericaPassage 2People often talk about how a business should treat its customers. But how often do they talk or even think about how customers should treat a business?Almost everyone has had the experience of standing at the cash register in front of a long line while a salesclerk struggles to find a bar code or price tag. Instead of taking the time to call for a price check, the clerk may turn to the customer and ask, “Do you know what the price is?”For every customer who shakes his head “no,” forcing the salesclerk to call for assistance, there is a customer like Irene, a gray-haired widow, who loves to get into these situations. Though Irene knows the exact price of everything she purchases, she wont tell it to the salesclerk. Shell say “Its $1.98” even when she knows it costs several dollars more. The fact that the salesclerk believes Irene isnt her problem, Irene says, though shell admit it is one of the few benefits of looking like a nice old lady. Nancy, a math teacher, will never forget the time she was buying clothes for her four children. All of the items were reduced 20 percent from the clearance price. The salesgirl punched in the first items price, and then took 20 percent off. So far, so good. Then she entered the price of the second item, subtotaled, and took 20 percent off again. Each time the clerk added another item, she subtotaled first before taking 20 percent off. When the final bill was a little over $10, Nancy could hardly believe her eyes. But she paid the bill without saying anything. She told her husband later that many people wouldnt have even noticed what the clerk was doing wrong. “Why should I be penalized for knowing math?” Nancy argued.A recent college graduate, Jeffrey, cant afford everything he wants. When he got an offer to receive free issues of a very expensive magazine, he immediately signed up for a subscription. From the very beginning he planned to cancel the subscription as soon as the free issues ran out. And he did. The problem was that the magazine kept coming anyway and, eventually, Jeffrey was billed for a years subscription. It took more than a few months of correspondence to get the whole mess settled. And, in the end, Jeffrey did get quite a few issues of the magazine without paying anything.We probably would all agree that Irene, Nancy and Jeffrey are not very good customers. But what does it take to be a good customer? In short, good will. Good will means a customer treats the business honestly and fairly even when he doesnt have to. Good business policies and good consumer protection against fraud are necessary, but not enough to cover all the possible situations arising between a business and its customers. It takes good will to fill in the cracks. It takes good will to make both good businesses and good customers.50. Why did the salesclerk believe Irene? A. There was a long queue of customers standing at the cash register.B. Irene knew the exact price of everything she purchased.C. There was no time to call for a price check.D. Irene looked like a respectable old lady.51. What does the author mean by “So far, so good”? A. It was right for the salesgirl to take 20% off every item.B. Up to now, everything went smoothly.C. The salesgirl had punched in the right price.D. Up to this point, the calculation was correct.52. The correct procedure for the salesgirl to perform should have been _ .A. to add up each item and then take 20% off the total B. to take 20% off the subtotal each time she added a new itemC. to take 20% off each item and then take another 20% off the totalD. to add up the clearance price of each item 53. What did Nancy mean by saying, “Why should I be penalized for knowing math”? A. Its unfair for me to pay the correct sum for knowing her mistakes.B. Why should I be punished because I knew where she made a mistake?C. Its only fair for me to pay less because I am good at math.D. People who know math should be rewarded rather than punished.54. What, in the authors view, should Jeffrey have done to be a good customer? A. He should not have accepted the magazine after the free issues ran out.B. He should have canceled the subscription as soon as the free issues ran out.C. He should have paid in advance when he signed up for the subscription.D. He should not have signed up for the free issues in the first place.Passage 3Certainly, the concept of a “death with dignity” has become an increasing focus of debate, not the least because of medical progress that has brought about a major increase in the number of retired and aged persons. The issue has generated lots of legislation, much of which confuses rather than clarifies an important question in euthanasia: Who will pull the plug?In general, the laymens view of euthanasia is one of “mercy killing,” or active intervention to end life, with little or no concept of the possibility of a passive form. I make no excuses and ask no forgiveness for admitting that I have practiced passive euthanasia for many years. In fact, I gave instructions to the doctor attending my own mother in her last illness that she should receive no antibiotics nor be tube-fed. At that stage, she was in her 98th year, suffering from her third stroke and unconscious with pneumonia.I have never practiced active euthanasia, a deed that in my country is regarded as murder and could merit the death penalty. But I do believe that in the clinical practice of medicine, active euthanasia has a definite place. I also believe that we should not be afraid to discuss its place in the scheme of things and to explore the possibilities in this approach to the terminally ill.I cannot accept the simple statement that a doctor does not have the right to take life; furthermore, I believe the greatest difficulty is to define life. I myself have defined it as joy in living. Given the absence of this quality, the request of the suffering person and the satisfaction of other criteria such as good faith on the part of those caring for the person and the completion of legal requirements, there is no ethical reason why active medical euthanasia may not be administered.Indeed, I have always wondered at the kind of person who would mercifully end the life of a suffering animal, yet would hesitate to extend the same privilege to a fellow human being.As a scientist and a humanitarian, I find societys attitude toward the different ways of causing the death of an individual both hypocritical and illogical. Consider that, for as long as man ha