英语应用文写作.doc

英语应用文写作便条是一种简单的书信。虽然内容简单，但却有其独特的风格。主要目的是为了尽快的吧最新的信息、通知、要求或者活动的时间、地点转告给对方。常见的便条有收条、欠条、留言和请假条等。基本写作格式便条内容和类型不尽相同，可以灵活变通。但各类便条必须包括以下几个基本要素；1）Date：便条日期2）Salutation：称呼3）Body：正文4）Signature：署名收条：即收到钱物之后，给交钱或送物人写张字据，说明已经收到某物，可留作证据。条据上需写明钱物名称和数量、立据人及日期。不得涂改May.19th,2006Received from Student, Wang Zihao one hundred yuan only for this months tuition fee.Li Man For the Finance Office ofForeign Language Institute欠条；留下字据，表示欠某人某物。条据上需写明钱物名称和数量、立据人及日期。不得涂改。May. 16th, 2006Borrowed from the Foreign Language Department Reference Library three books as follows: A copy of History and Anthology of English Literature by Wu Weiren. A copy of A Survey of American Literature by Chang Yaoxin.A copy of World Literature by Jiang ChengenWu ZhuoFor the Office ofSocial Science Department留言；用书面留下要说的话。留言涉及的方面很多，包括约会，通知，请求等任何可用便条留下的口信。TuesdayDear Li, As the Spring Festival is drawing near, Im very glad to invite you to come to a dinner party with several other friends of ours. Im sure we will have a very happy time and enjoy ourselves thoroughly. Would you like to come on time at 5:00 p.m. today, to Room 6 of Lijing Hotel? Yours always, Jiayang请假条：往往指由于生病或特殊情况不能亲自当面请假，用假条的形式告假。所以，请假条大多是病假条。可以自写，也可请他人代写。写假条最重要的是说明原因和请假的期限。Jan. 10thDear Ms. Jiang, I am terribly sorry that I shall be unable to attend this mornings two periods of English Class due to a bad cold and high fever. Enclosed is a certificate from the doctor who said I must stay in bed for a few days. I will go back to school as soon as I recover. Yours respectfully,Tian Ye常用句子I shall feel obliged/would appreciate if you will favor me with a call at your earliest convenience.如您方便，请早日来电，我将不胜感激。Delighted! Will call at 2 p.m. tomorrow.来条收悉，定于明天下午两点拜访。Encl.: Doctors Certificate of Advice.附；医生证明I shall be very happy to call at your house at 6:30 this everything. Until then,.我定于今晚6：30去你家，望等候。Upon/as soon as receiving this note, please come to my office.见条后，请立即来我办公室。Mr. Li stands in urgent need of your service.李先生急需你的帮助。I happen to be in urgent need of 200 yuan.我因有急事，需要200元。Your note with an admission ticket enclosed is much appreciated.留言和一张入场券均已收到，不胜感激。I am very grateful to you for your kind invitation, and I am sure to come to see your concert.承蒙邀请观看你们的音乐会，我一定按时到场。结束语I trust my absence will not cause you any serious inconvenience.望我的缺席不会给你带来太大的不便。Please favor me with an early reply.敬请早复。Hoping that the matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.希望能及早处理此事。Please give an extension of leave for three days.请准予续假三天为盼英文E-mail的写作要领e-mail有什么写作要领呢？首先，必须要标题（Heading）栏的“收件人（To）”框中输入收信人的E-mail 地址。“主题（Subject）”框的内容应简明地概括信的内容，短的可以是一个单词，如greetings；长的可以是一个名词性短语，也可以是完整句，但长度一般不超过35个字母。“主题”框的内容切忌含糊不清。像News about the meeting 这样的表达，应改为Tomorrows meeting canceled。一般来说，只要将位于句首的单词和专有名词的首字母大写即可。另外一种较为正规的格式可将除了少于5个字母的介词、连接词或冠词之外的每一个单词的首字母大写，如：New E-mail Address Notification。视信的内容是否重要，还可以开头加上URGENT或者FYI（For Your Information，供参考），如：URGENT：Submit your report today! E-mail一般使用非正式的文体，因此正文（Body）前的称呼（Salutation）通常无须使用诸如“Dear Mr. John”之类的表达。在同辈的亲朋好友或同事间可以直呼其名，但对长辈或上级最好使用头衔加上姓。如：Tommy，或者Mr. Smith。E-mail文体的另外一个特点是简单明了，便于阅读，太长的内容可以以附件的方式发出。一个段落大多仅由一到三个句子组成。信尾客套话（Complimentary close）通常也很简明。常常只须一个词，如：“Thanks”，“Best”，“Cheers”，不需要用一般信函中的“Sincerely yours”或“Best regards”。称呼和正文之间，段落之间，正文和信尾客套话之间一般空一行，开头无须空格。如： Jimmy, I received your memo and will discuss it with Eric on Wednesday. Best regards, David 在电子邮件的使用者中还流行使用一些由首字母或读音组成的缩略词，如： d u wnt 2 go out 2nite：Do you want to go out tonight? lol：Laughing out loud oic：Oh, I see. mte：My thoughts exactly. brb：Ill be right back. c u 2morrow：See you tomorrow. 3ks 4 ur elp：Thanks for your help. gr8：great btw：By the way imho：In my humble opinion asap：As soon as possible. 上述缩略词和小符号要视具体情况而定，不宜滥用。 E-mail的非正式的文体特点并不意味它的撰写可以马虎行事，特别是给长辈或上级写信，或者撰写业务信函更是如此。写完信后，一定要认真检查有无拼写、语法和标点符号的误一 便函或备忘录(Informal Letters or Memos)便函和备忘录通常用于公司内部传递信息，将实情、信息、观察资料等进行传阅。便函和备忘录包括如下固定格式： Date：(日期，如September 12, 2001)To：(收文人，如All Faculty)From：(发文人，如Jim B. Hardemann)Subject：(事由，如Faculty Meeting)写作特点：1在date, to, from, subject字样后填上相应的内容。2在上述字样下面空两行写正文。3不用称呼和结尾礼词。发文人的姓名首字母写在与正文末行空一行的地方。【例一】TO: Henry Smith, Sales ManagerFROM: Jack Wong, Personnel ManagerDATE: May 4, 2000SUBJECT: Applicants for Sales PostAttached are the resumes and certificates of four applicants who have applied for your department position.Please evaluate these applicants and then recommend people you want to interview to me. As soon as I have the names, I will make arrangement for the interviews.【例二】To: Ted FengDate: Oct. 1stFrom: Paul AnderssonTime: 17:42Topic: Delay of arrivalPaul called for you, just after you had left work. He missed the flight due to the bad weather. He will not arrive until 5 pm today on flight No. JL608. You are requested to meet him at the airport and drive him to Holiday Inn. This means you neednt wait for him at lunch time tomorrow. To make up he wants to invite you for dinner.Nancy便笺(Short Note) 便笺是一种简短信函。它的形式比一般书信简单，多使用非正式语体。写便笺时要写清楚以下几项：(1) 时间：即某月某日，如Feb.11， 2001(2)人名(3)事由注意月份的全拼及缩略形式。月份的缩略形式为：Jan., Feb., Mar., Apr., May, June, July, Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec.【例一】Wednesday, 21st Mar.Dear Prof. Rainman,Im sorry I couldnt make our 11 oclock appointment. Prof. Wolfs lecture lasted a lot longer than I expected. I could meet you in the library Reading Room 4 tomorrow at 10, if that is convenient for you. If not, please leave a note in my mailbox 334, this afternoon.Thank you,Elizabeth【例二】2nd MayMs. Zhao,A friend of yours, Li Ping, made a long distance call from Xian this morning while you went out. She asked you to book an air ticket for Shanghai at 9 oclock, August 5, and make a reservation for hotel room tonight. I am sorry that I cant pass on the message to you in your presence, because I was ordered to do something urgent. See you then.Mary【例三】7:30 a.m.Dear Mr.David，I very much regret I was unable to attend school this morning owing to a severe attack of illness. I am enclosing herewith a certificate from the doctor who is attending me, as he fears it will be several days before I shall be able to resume my study. I trust my enforced absence will not give you any serious inconvenience.Sincerely yours,Peter【例四】8:30 A.M.Dear Peter:I have done all my things here. I sincerely thank you for the trouble you have taken for my sake. I am leaving for home by train at two this afternoon. This is to say good bye to you. Please kindly remember me to your wife.Yours ever,Jack【例5】July 20, 2001Jack,Here are the two tickets I mentioned yesterday for the Beijing Opera “Farewell To My Concubine”. You may bring anybody along with you. I hope youll enjoy it.Xiao Zhang 【例七】Mon. morningMiss Lili,Our Personnel Manager, Mr. Steward, will be in Shanghai on business for five days. Please reserve a plane ticket from Beijing to Shanghai on April 20 for Mr. Steward and then send it to his office, and call to book a single Holiday Inn, with bath, from April 20 to April 24 inclusive. Thank you very much.Zhang Li三 通知(Announcement)通知一般公布即将发生或已经发生之事，如宣布举行各种比赛，放映电影或录像，举办晚会，召开研讨会等等。通知的格式可按书信或备忘录的形式写出，一般应至少包含以下几部分内容： (1)时间 (2)地点 (3)活动 (4)其他细节【一】 ANNOUNCEMENT Lecture on Twentieth century American Literature Speaker: Mr. Robert Woo Time: October 28, 2000Place: Room 504, Audio Visual CenterMr. Robert Woo, Professor of English language and literature and Director of the Institute for Sino-American Studies at Foreign Languages University, specialized in the study of the American literature development. Teachers and students of the English Department are warmly welcome. English Department Office 【例二】 AnnouncementOwing to the speedy expansion of our business, we find it necessary to remove our department store to more spacious premises. We beg to inform/tell our customers that on and after May Day, we shall be at 103 Shanghai Road. You are warmly welcome to our new address. 英语邀请信的写法Dear sirmadam Organization would very much like to have someone from your company speak at our conference on Topic. As you may be aware the mission of our association is to promote WHAT. Many of our members are interested in the achievements your company has made in. Enclosed is our preliminary schedule for the conference which will be reviewed in weeks. Ill call you DATE to see who from your company would be willing to speak to us. I can assure you that well make everything convenient to the speaker. Sincerely yours NAME留学申请信(Application for Admittance)留学和奖学金申请信中须写明下列几点：(1)写明申请学校和所学专业。(2)提供申请人的个人资历。(3)索取申请学校相关的申请表等。Post Office Box 418Jiangsu University Zhen Jiang, Jiang Su Province 212013P.R.China.November 12, 2006The Registrar of AdmissionThe Graduate School ofthe Pennsylvania State UniversityU.S.A. 16802Dear Sir:I am deeply interested in your graduate school in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, and plan to apply for admission for the fall of 2007. I plan to take TOEFL and GRE in October and December, 2006, respectively.Please send catalog and application forms to me. I shall be greatly appreciated.Very truly yours,Wang Yang【例三】School of MedcineJIangsu UniversityZhen Jiang. Jiang Su, 212013P.R. ChinaJune 16, 1999Office of AdmissionHuntington UniversityDear Sir,Thank you for your letter and the application forms. Enclosed you will find the completed forms and three checks (80 dollars) for the application fee and the first months rent for dormitory. The additional 5 dollars will be deposited at your college. I shall appreciate any favorable/helpful action you might take in admitting me to your college for the spring semester of 1998. I am most anxious to hear from you soon.Sincerely yours，Pengfei Zhao六 奖学金申请信(Applications for Scholarships)Jiang su University Zhen Jiang. Jiang Su, 212013P.R. ChinaMay 15, 2006ChairmanDept. of Electronics EngineeringUniversity of MassachusettsAmherst, MAO1003 U.S.A.Dear Sir:I should like to apply for one of the scholarships that your department may be offering to students from other countries. Would you please send me the necessary application forms and any further details about the scholarships.I am a postgraduate student in Beijing Science and Engineering University. I major in microelectronics engineering, and do some research work during my study years. I hope to have a further study and continue to do my research work if I succeed in obtaining the engineering scholarship.Enclosed please find two letters of recommendation and my score report card.Thank you for your consideration. I look forward to your reply.Respectfully yours,Ma Minghao投诉信(Letters of Complaint)【例一】Florence TrunkemeyerCollege of BusinessBall State UniversityMuncie, IN 47300November 15, 1998General Computer CorporationEngineering DepartmentP.O. Box 73219Fort Worth, TX 76108Dear Sir:With reference to our order No. W 98, the 120 computer sets supplies to the above order were delivered the day before yesterday, but we regret that 20 sets were badly damaged.The packages containing the computer sets appeared to be in good condition and we accepted and signed for them without question. We unpacked the computer sets with care and can only assume that damage must be due to careless handling at some stage prior to packing.We shall be glad if you will replace all 20 sets as soon as possible. Meanwhile, we have put the damaged computer sets aside in case you need them to support a claim on your suppliers for compensation.Yours sincerely,(Signature)掌握文书信中的致谢用语 提高你的英语水平Thank you very much (very, very much) (ever so much) (most sincerely) (indeed) (from the bottom of my heart).很(非常)(非常非常)(最真诚地)(确实)(衷心)感谢您。Many thanks for your kind and warm letter.感谢您友好而热情的来信。 Thanks a million (ever so much).万分(非常)感谢。 Please accept ( I wish to express )my sincere (grateful) (profound) appreciation for .请接受(致以)真挚的(衷心的)(深切的)感谢 I sincerely (deeply) (warmly) appreciate .我真挚的(深深的)(热情的)感谢 I am very sincerely (most) (truly) grateful to you for .为了，我非常真挚的(深深的)(真诚的)感谢您。 There is nothing more important (satisfying) (gratifying) to me than to receive one of your letters.再也没有比收到您的来信更使我觉得重要(快慰)(感激)了。 Your letters are so much fun (comfort) (entertainment) (company).您的来信充满了乐趣(给了很大安慰)(带来了欢乐)(使我不感寂寞)Your most courteous (considerate)(delightful)letter.您那彬彬有礼(体贴入微)(令人欣慰)的来信 I can not tell you how much your letter delighted(relieved)(amused)(enchanted)me.我无法告诉您，您的来信使我多么高兴(宽慰)(觉得有趣)(陶醉)。How to Improve Your WritingA. We have to accumulate abundant materials before we write something, say, learning by heart crowds of articles. 写作需要有很多素材,积累素材很重要.要多背课文. B. Try to express one meaning in various ways. 努力用多种方式表达一种意思. C. Keeping English diary if possible. 写英语日记. a) Prepare some new words, expressions and good sentences to be used before writing something. 在写作前准备一些要用的好词汇,好句子. b) We may also make some English pen- pals to establish English communication relationship through some media like newspaper and magazines英语写作技巧：怎样使文章有亮点书面表达评分标准“最高档”要求：“应用了较多的语法结构或词汇；语法结构或词汇方面有少许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。”从历年书面表达高分文章来看，每篇文章都有“亮”点，即在用词、造句或段落安排上都有独到之处。 要想获得高分就应在“正确”表达的基础上写出自己的特色，写出自己的“亮”点。一、词汇选择标新立异在写作中“较高级词汇”的使用主要是指使用大纲上没有的词语、使用通过构词法变化来的新词、使用同(近)义词或反义词等来代替常见词语。1)这栋房子在芳草街的一栋楼上。A: The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street.B: The flat situates in a building on Fangcao Street.Be located in 分析:is in是常见词语，而situates in则是大纲上没有的，属于高级词汇。2)在周末我们做很多作业。A: At weekends, we have a lot of homework to do.B: At weekends, we have endless homework to do.分析:B句在表达时没有使用过于直接的a lot of，而是使用了endless。endless就是由大纲词汇end加后缀-less变化来的。3)洗澡间和厨房都很好。A: The bathroom and the kitchen are good.B. The bathroom and the kitchen are well-furnished/informed/read.在表达要点时，B句使用了well furnished,这比good语气强，也显得生动。在造句时,“较高级词汇”如能运用贴切自然，哪怕整篇文章只用上一个，也会使你的作文显示出与众不同。二、结构造句与众不同在造句时,既要使句子生动，又要使其简明扼要。1、使用与人不同的表达方式，特别是提倡打破汉语句子结构的束缚而重组的句子更受欢迎。1)唐山曾在二十世纪八十年代发生过一次大地震。A: There was a strong earthquake in Tangshan in the 1980s.B: A terrible earthquake hit/struck Tangshan in the 1980s.大多数同学使用了there be结构，这是对的，但是B句却摒弃了常见句式。另辟蹊径而使用了“主语+谓语+宾语”结构，且