专升本辅导-听力部分.doc

第一部分：听力部分专升本考试的第一部分是听力理解（listening Comprehension）包含20个小题，时间15分钟，分值15分。分为Section A， Section B， Section C三节。Section A 有5题，每题含一组对话，共两句，听读一遍，对话后有一问句；Section B的听力材料为两篇短文，听读一遍，每篇短文后面有2-3个问题。听力部分每个问句后面有一定的时间间隔，约为15秒，要求考生在这短暂的时间内选出最佳答案，然后在答题纸上找出相应的题号，并在正确的题号下面划一道横线。Section C为听写填空，材料为一篇为160词左右的短文，其中有十个空格，每个空格要求填入一个词或短语，全文以每分钟110词的速度朗读三遍，第一遍全文朗读，没有停顿，供考生听懂全文内容；第二遍语速稍慢，要求考生把所听到的内容在一定时间内填入空格 ；第三遍同第一遍一样，没有停顿，供考生进行校对。听写填空短文的题材、体裁和难度与 Section B部分的篇章相同。 听写填空旨在考察考生听的能力、拼写能力、记笔记能力和书面表达能力。听力理解部分的目的是测试考生获得口头信息的能力。主要考核的技能是：理解中心思想和主要细节理解隐含的意思运用有助于理解的语言特征来理解、判断说话人观点、态度等。选材原则是：对话部分为日常生活中的一般对话，句子结构和内容较为简单短文部分为题材熟悉、情节较为简单的故事、讲话或叙述等听写填空为日常生活或较为简单的关于涉外活动的短文 一、 简短对话1.题型对话部分共有5组简短对话组成，对话双方分别为一男一女。每段讨话结束后，有一个针对性的提问，要求考生从四个选项中选出正确的答案回答提问。内容主要为日常生活中的一般对话，句子结构和内容都不复杂。而且出题形式相对稳定，多数情况是对第二个人的讲话内容设问。在所问问题中特殊疑问句比例较大，提问多以wh形式开头，如when，where，what，why，who，whose，how等。根据实考卷的情况看，考试的重点内容有：判断类、数字及计算类、逻辑推理类、因果关系类、建议及请求类、词汇及习浯类。2. 答题技巧 在做这部分题目时，考生在听每一段对话前应抓住时间预先快速阅读4个选择项，以了解话题或提问可能与什么有关。其速度一定要快，要一个意群一个意群地看，并且要看出个所以然来，这样可以预测问题。比如当读到以下选择项时，应该意识到话题和动作有关，提问则可能与做某事有关。 A. Look for a more expensive hotel. B. Try to find a quiet place.C. Go to another hotel by Bus. D. Take a walk around the city.因此，听时应该特别关注动词。 再如读到以下选项时，应该预期到提问和人物身份有关。A. Librarian and student. B. Operator and caller.C. Boss and secretary. D. Customer and repairman. 因此，听时应该特别注意对话中的关键词汇，通过关键词汇判断人物身份： W: How much time did you have for writing the paper?M: We were given 3 hours, but I finished in less than half the time.Q: How long did it take the man to write his paper?A. More than an hour and a half. B. Not more than half an hour.C. More than two hours. D. Less than an hour and a half.通过预先看四个选项，考生应该预想到该题与时间或计算有关。因此，听时应特别注意时间并注意做笔记就本题来讲，这是一道时间计算题，对话中说We were given 3 hours，but I finished in less than half the time其中half决定了应用除法计算3除以2等于15，因此答案为D。综上所述，其技巧可归纳如下：A.听前快速阅读选择项，以预期对话的话题和提问可能与什么有关。B. 听时根据预期，特别注意有关信息。对于没听清的或没记住的而答不上来时，放弃这一题目，看下一道题的选择答案，同时集中精力准备听下一道题。 C. 理清男、女各自说话的内容，利用选择项做笔记。如果四个备选答案中均出现有关钱或时间的数字，这时题目多是计算题，听时要注意数字并做适当的记录。 D. 注意与选择项有关的关键词，例如上题中的3 hours和half。特别注意辨别含有否定词及连词“but”的对话的含义。有些含有否定词的对话不一定都台有否定的意思。有些是肯定的，有些全部否定，有些部分否定。例如：W: Paul, how are you? I heard you were sick.M: They must have confused me with somebody else. Ive never felt better.Q: How does Paul feel?A. Sick. B. Better. C. Fine. D. Tired. 正确答案是C，对话中“Ive never felt better”意思是 “我从来没感觉到这么好过（我感觉非常好）。 另外有时含有连词“but”，多表示转折意思，一般是将前面的意思否定。这时应该特别注意but后面句子的意思：通常句子的重点都在后面。例如：M: Susan, would you like to join us to go for a walk?W: Oh, Id love to, but Im afraid I must finish writing my term paper first.Q: What does the woman mean?A. She doesnt like the man. B. She doesnt like walking.C. She agrees with the walking. D. She has no time to go for a walk now正确答案是D，对话中肯定的是but后面的“I must finish writing my term paper first”3题型针对分析 1)判断类题型 判断类题目主要涉及到一个语言环境，要求考生根据一个或几个含有信息的关键词，迅速判断对话发生的时间、地点、谈话者的目的、内容、身份职业、相互关系和行为方式等内容。例题1： W: Are these treatments really necessary?M- Im afraid so, Miss Joe. Youll see some results soon.Q. Where does this conversation most probably take place?A. In a doctors office. B. In professors office C. In a lawyers office. D. In a businessman office这道题的关键词是treatments（治疗）所以答案应该为A例题2：W: How about the food I ordered? Ive been waiting for 20 minutes already.M: Im very sorry, sir. I will be back with your order in a minute.Q: Whats the womans job?A. A shop assistant. B. A telephone operator.C. A waitress. D. A clerk对话中可以直接判断出关键词为the food I ordered, 所问的对方应该是侍者，所以女士的工作应该是waitress，答案是C。2）数字及计算类题型这类题的特点主要是每个问题都与数字有关。英语中与数字有关的表达大致有以下几种：数的读法、日期年代的读法、房间号、电话号码的读法、与价格有关的数字等。考生听时尽可能记住一些相关数字（如可能的话，用速记法记下来），确定其应回答的问题的类型，然后迅速把它计算出来，最后确定正确答案。一定不要听到什么数字就选出来，一定要根据所问问题进行回答。例题1：W: What is the time by your watch?M: Eight fifty three, but my watch is ten minutes slow.Q: What is the exact time now?A. 8:53. B. 8:57. C. 9:00. D. 9:03.本题为数字计算题。解题的关键是要听清问话的内容，注意关键词the exact time now，然后根据 Eight fifty three 和ten minutes slow 判断正确答案为D。例题2：M: How much are the tickets?W: Ten dollars for the general public, but student ticket are half price.Q: How much will the man pay for two student tickets?A. Five dollars. B. Twenty dollars.C. Fifteen dollars. D. Ten dollars.解好本题的关键是要记清对话及问题中提到的数字，即大众票价10美元，学生为半价(5美元)，而问题问的是两张学生票的价格，即10美元是正确答案， 3)逻辑推理类题型 逻辑推理类题型主要考察学生的理解与推理能力，这类考题是对话部分所有题型中难度最大的一种：主要包括三种具体情况：词汇题、句型题和全文理解题。这类题型从imply或infer这两个角度提问。说话者不直表其义，它要求考生在听懂对话的基础上，根据对话的内容、说话者的语气、相关的内容和信息推断得出结论。例题1：M- This is one-way street. Didnt you see the sign?W: Sorry, I didnt.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?A. The woman is driving too fast.B. The woman is driving at a slow speed.C. The woman has broken a traffic rule.D. The woman has parked her car in a wrong place. 判断这道题首先要从男士的问话(单行道、路标)和女士的回答(没看见)进行分析后，再推断出答案力C。例题2：W: Do you mind if I open the window?M: As a matter of fact, Im feeling a bit cold.Q: What does the man want the woman to do?A. Open the window a little bit. B. Leave the window closed.C. Give him some medicine. D. Fetch him some cold drink. 此题的关键是听清男士的回答Im feeling a bit cold。很明显男士的言外之意是不想开窗户，所以正确答案应该是B。 4)因果关系类题型 这类题型一般侧重于对原因的考查，而很少考查结果。对话中一方询问对方某事的原因，另一方就其询问做出回答或反馈。常用because，since，as，for等来说明全部或部分原因。有时由so that和so引导，用来表示结果。有时在对话中并不讲明原因和结果，问题中的提问却点到原因和结果上。例题：M: I hear you didnt buy the coat. Did it cost too much?W: No, I had enough money and I wanted to buy it. But they didnt have my size.Q: Why didnt the woman buy the coat? A. It didnt fit her. B. She didnt have enough money. C. It was too dark. D. She didnt like the style.抓住女士回答中But转折后的信息词，即But they didnt have my size.这就是女没买那件大衣的原因。由此可以推断出A为正确答案。5)建议及请求类题型 这类题型的特征是出现一些表示建议的句型。一般有比较固定的表达方式，而且而且回答的问题也比较简单。听对话时要把注意力放在建议请求和提议方面，所回答的问题应注意是“接受，同意”，还是拒绝。例题： W: The movie starts in 5 minutes and theres bound to be a long time. M: Why dont we come back for the next show？ Im sure it would be less crowded. Q: What is the man suggesting? A. Coming back for a later show. B. Coming back in 5 minutes.C. Waiting in a queue. D. Not going to the movie today.本题的关键是男士的建议“the next show”，所问的问题正好是男士建议的内容 ，四个选项中只有“a later show”与之相符。因此正确答案是A6）词汇及习语类型题型这类题通常以词汇的各种不同搭配形式出现，他们是用不同的词汇、以不同形式而固定搭配成不变的词汇组合来表示特定的含义。更多的是介词和动词的搭配。解好这类题要求考生不仅注意平时的积累，还要根据上下文的字面意义来判断，以确定正确答案。 例题： M: Why didnt Roland show up at the party yesterday evening? He was one of the best dancers in our class.W: He is trying to make up for the lessons hes missed because of part-time jobs. Q: What is Roland doing recently? A. He is trying to find a new part-time job B. He often goes to the parties. C. He is working hard at his lessons to catch up with the class. D. He dances a lot. r 解好本类题的关键是句中的短语动词make up for （弥补，补偿）和catch up with （跟上，赶上）。由于Ro1and落下了一些功课，他要努力补上，只有这样才能赶上其他的同学。因此根据对话，可以确定正确答案为C。 二、会话1.题型会话部分的题型类似于简短对话，关键在于篇幅较长，一男一女各读多句，一般一共为10句左右。对话之后一般为三个问题。内容主要为日常生活中的一般对话，结构和内容都不复杂。所用的问题多以Wh- 等问题开始的特殊疑问句，主要包括：判断类、数字计算类、主旨大意类和事实细节类。2题型针对分析1)判断题型 与Section A中的此类题型相似，要求考生根据情景会话的信息或关键词对对话发生的地点、人物身份等作出正确的判断。例题： M：Please put your baggage on the counter，MadamIs that everything? W：Yes，this isHere is my passport M：Thank youAnything to declare?W：NoI only have personal belongingsM：Dont you have any gifts or valuable articles? W：No, I dont.M：OKThats all Q：Where does this conversation probably take place? AAt the customs office BAt a hotel CAt a department store DAt a check room 从信息词baggage, passport，anything to declare可以判断出只有A为正确答案。 2)数字计算类题型 与Section A的思路差不多，考生必须在听懂整篇对话的基础上，把所有的关键数字信息对号入座，然后进行正确的计算。 例题：M：Fast Taxi 5ervice hereCan 1 help you? W：Ah，yes，please. Id like a taxi in about ten minutestime M：OKWhere are you calling from? W：Im at the Singapore Rubber，HouseMy name is LeeBarbara Lee M：Right. Could you just wait in the entrance hall，please?W：All right. I will be there. Lets see, that will be at eleven. M：Yes, OK, at eleven. Our taxi will be there. Er，where are you going to？ W：1 want to go to Changji airport Im catching a plane to Bangkok at 11:30 M：All right, our taxi will be right over. - W：Thanks，goodbye Q：When is the woman Calling Fast Taxi Service? A11：30 B11：00 C. 10：50 D10：40 对话中没有直接说明打电话订车的时间，但女士说10分钟后要辆出租车。而对方出租车公司工作人员说11点到，由此可以推算打电话的时间为10：50，所以正确答案应该为C。3)主旨大意类题型这种题型要求考生对整个对话的综合理解与整体的把握，只要考生能听懂对话的内容，即可选出最合适文章中心思想的句子。做好这类题在听的过程中一定要抓住文章的中心思想，尤其是听清对话的开头和结尾，因为主题句经常在此出现。W: Now, Mr. White, did you see the accident clearly?M: Oh, yes. I was standing outside the department store.W: Do you know what time it happened?M: Yes, it was 4:30 by my watch.W: Good, now, was the truck going fast?M- Yes, well, perhaps the driver thought they were going to change to green. But they were red.W: Are you sure, Mr. White?M: Yes, absolutely sure.W: Well, thanks a lot. Mr. White. Goodbye.M: Goodbye.Q: What are the two speakers talking about? A. A traffic accident. B. A damaged store.C. A fight in the sweet. D. A dead driver.对话者开门见山地说“你是不是清楚地看到了这次事故？”accident 是一个关键词。随之谈话中又出现了一些关键词，如：truck going fast，traffic light， crossed the road， 所以两个人谈话的主题很容易概括出来。4）事实细节类型题 这类题型涉及面较广，可以是文章中提到的时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（why）和行为方式（how）等。所问的问题多为特殊疑问句形式。这种题型所占的比例最大。 考生在听这类对话时，关键在于听清录音中的具体内容，找出正确选项的出处。由于这类题的答案都能在对话中直接给出，所以在听的过程中要有目的的纪录有关事实，如时间、地点、原因等，在此基础上可以很容易选出正确答案。M: What can I do for you, Miss? W: Do you have any blue T-shirts? M: Yes, whats your size? W: Medium is OK. M: Sorry, but we have sold out. W: Are you likely to be getting some more in? M: I should think so. If you leave your phone number, Ill ring you. W: My phone number is 7562234. M: Thank you, Ill inform you as soon as we get the g, o0. Q: What is the womans size? A. Medium. B. Large. C. Small. D. Extra large.在男士询问女士要多大码的时候，女士回答“medium is OK”这是关键所在。故答案为A三、简短短文1.题型简短短文的出题形式一般为一篇短文，大约有120字左右，要求考生回答5个问题。语速为120词/分钟，文章读两遍。要求回答的题目可能以不同的形式出现。主要有选择题、简答题、和填空题。这部分以日常生活和实用交际性内容为主，难度较大，涉及信息范围广，句子较长，较复杂。.2.答题技巧1.考生可以在听短文前，尽量利用空隙时间，将卷面的问题浏览一遍，大体了解所问的问题主要涉及哪些方面，带着问题去理解短文，作到心中有一定的分寸。 2.所问的问题大多为事实细节题，可能是文中提到的时间、地点、数字、年代、行为、原因和结果等：如： When did Peter arrive?Where did these trees?Why do people want?How much Should you give?What did the speaker remind?因此考生在听的过程中要有目的地记录一些有关事实，学会记住一些关键词： 例题1： Probably every town in the United States has a post office. Some are very small, and you may also find them in the corner of a shop. Others are large buildings. They are open on week-days and Saturday morning. From Monday through Friday they are usually open from 8: 30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. If you know how much the postage is for your letter, you can buy stamps at any window. In some post offices you can buy stamps from machines. Stamps are sold at many different prices, from one cent to many dollars. If you are not sure bow much postage is for your fetter, you can ask the clerk. He or she will give you the stamps you need. At a post office you can also buy postcards. A postcard is cheaper than a letterQuestions: 1. Where can you find post office in the United States? 2. When are post offices usually open? 3. What can you do if you are not sure about the postage? 4. What can one use when one wants to buy stamps in some post offices? 5. Why do people want to use postcards?在听完上述短文后，要根据所听文章的内容就5个问题进行回答，答题的形式为填空完成句子。1. Perhaps in 2. On weekends and 3. Ask 4. One can use 5. Because they are 1every town in the US。根据短文的第一句可知美国每座城市都有邮局。2Saturday morning。这是考查时间的命题。文中第四句有明确的信息，考生应做适当的记录。3the clerk。根据短文提供的信息，当你寄信不清楚要买多少邮票时，可问邮局的工作人员。4a stamp machine。文中提到在某些邮局可通过机器购买邮票。5cheaper than 1etters。根据短文，寄明信片要比寄信便宜，当然会有人使用明信片：例题2 ：An artist who did not have much money, but was a very kind man, was coming home by train one day. He gave his last few coins to a beggar, but then he saw another one, and forgot that he didnt have any money. He asked the man if he would like to have lunch with him, and the beggar accepted, so they went into a small restaurant and had a good meal. At the end, the artist could not pay the bill. Of course, the beggar has to do so. The artist was very unhappy about this, so he said to the beggar. Come home with me in a taxi, my friend, and Ill give you back the money for lunch.Oh, no! the beggar answered quickly, I had to pay for your lun