危险警告标志使用指南

3M China危险警告标志使用指南Introduction简介Hazard warning labels are an important part of the health and safety controls provided on equipment to warn personnel of potential hazards associated with the equipment. Hazard warning labels should be used when hazards have not been eliminated from equipment through other means (e.g., a complete enclosure of the hazard to prevent exposure) and the potential for exposure to the hazards is still present. This applies both to hazards which can be present at all times during normal operating conditions and hazards which may be present only during specific conditions. Hazard warning labels should be used for the variety of hazards that can be present in equipment including the following: Electrical Moving parts Chemical Hot surfaces Non-ionizing radiation Lasers危险警告标志是设备所能提供的健康及安全控制措施的重要组成部分之一，它能警告人们与设备伴随的潜在隐患。危险警告标志应用于通过其他手段不能完全消除设备隐患，并且仍存在有接触这些隐患的可能的情况下。这包括这些隐患会在整个正常操作条件下出现以及只会在特定条件下出现两种情况。 危险警告标志应用于下列会在设备中存在的不同隐患：l 电l 移动部件l 化学品l 高温表面l 非电离辐射l 激光The selection of the specific labels to be used will depend on the types of hazards present in the equipment.应根据出现在设备中的隐患的种类来选择所应采用的危险警告标志的类型。This guide will address four basic issues related to the use of hazard warninglabels:本指南将说明使用危险警告标志的四个基本问题： When are labels required? 什么时候需要使用危险警告标志？Where should the labels be placed? 危险警告标志应放在什么地方？What format is required? 需要使用什么样的格式？Examples of Warning Labels 危险警告标志范例When are Labels Required?什么时候需要使用危险警告标志？ In general, labels are not an acceptable substitute for removing or controlling the hazard to safe levels with engineering controls. Labels should be provided as an additional warning when exposure to a hazard is possible during operations, maintenance or service, or other uses of the equipment. As an example, if a maintenance task requires removing a guard which provides protection against moving parts, the guard should be labeled because of the potential for injury from the moving parts. In this case, the hazard is only present when the guard is removed. If a hazard is present at all times during normal operating conditions, the portion of the equipment where the hazard is present should be labeled. 总体而言，在消除或控制隐患的安全水平方面， 危险警告标志并不是工程控制的一种可接受的替代品。危险警告标志应用于在操作、维修、维护或其他使用设备过程中可能会接触隐患的一种附加的警告。例如， 如果一项维修任务需要移开一个安全防护罩，而这个安全防护罩会保护某一移动部件，那么这个安全防护罩就应该加上危险警告标志，因为这一移动部件可能会造成伤害。在这个例子中，隐患只是在安全防护罩被移开以后才会出现。如果某一隐患在正常操作过程中会一直存在的话，存在隐患的设备部分就应该予以标示。Where Should Labels Be Placed?危险警告标志应放在什么地方？If a guard or barrier is used to provide protection against a hazard, the labels should be placed on the barrier, guard, cover or part that must be opened or removed to gain access to the hazard. If there are several layers of barriers (e.g., outer skin and interior guard), the label should be placed on the last barrier to be removed before reaching the hazardous area. Some examples of this are listed below: Electrical panel access cover or door. The label should be placed on the panel cover or door which would allow exposure to electrical hazards when opened, A guard over a moving parts hazard. The label should be placed on the last guard or cover which must be removed in order to access the moving parts,如果某一防护罩或栅栏用于保护某一危险，危险警告标志就应该放在这些必须打开或移开后才会接触到隐患的栅栏、防护罩或部件上。如果栅栏有几层（例如外壳和内部防护罩），危险警告标志应放置在接触到危险区域之前所应移开的最后一层栅栏上。以下是一些这样的例子：l 配电盘盖板或门。危险警告标志应放在打开后就会导致接触电能危险的盖板或门上。l 某一移动部件上的防护罩。危险警告标志应放在接触到移动部件之前必须移开的随后一层防护罩或盖板上。Where equipment contains hazardous or potentially hazardous materials (e.g.chemicals, lasers, X-ray sources, a warning label should be placed on theoutside of the equipment to indicate the hazard(s) contained within. 如果设备内贮存有危险的或潜在危险的物质（例如：化学品、激光、X射线），危险警告标志应放在设备的外表面以注明所存在的隐患。The label should be placed on the equipment where it is most likely to be noticed by personnel who will be working with the equipment and could be exposed to the hazard. This should take into account the following:危险警告标志应防止在设备上最容易被使用该设备并可能会接触隐患的人注意的地方。这需要从以下几个方面考虑： Direction from which personnel will approach the area of the equipment where the hazard is present. If access is only possible from the rear of the equipment, the label should be placed on the rear of the equipment where personnel will work or access the equipment, 人接近设备危险区域部位的方向。如果人只能从设备的后面接近设备，那么危险警告标志就应放在设备后面人进行操作或接近设备的地方。 Posture of the person when removing the guard or performing tasks that involve the potential for exposure. If a task requires that a person sit on the ground in order to remove a guard or cover, the label should be placed on the guard or cover where it would be easily seen when sitting on the ground or when approaching the equipment for this task. 人移开防护罩或进行可能接触隐患操作时的姿势。如果某一任务需要人坐在地上来移开防护罩或盖板，危险警告标志就应放在人坐在地上时容易看见的地方。If the hazard is present in the equipment at all times during normal operating conditions, the label should be placed in an area where it can easily be seen by personnel working with the equipment and near the location of the hazard. This should take into account the location where personnel will be when working with the equipment. Thus, if the hazard can be accessed from both front and back, labels will be needed for both the front and rear of the equipment.如果某一隐患会在设备的正常操作过程中一直存在，危险警告标志就应该放在危险源附近并容易被操作人员看见的地方。这需要考虑操作设备时人的位置。因此，如果某一隐患从设备的前面和后面都可以接触到，那么设备的前面和后面就都应该有危险警告标志。What Format is Required?需要什么样的格式？The basic format requires three levels of information and formatting: A pictogram / graphic showing what the hazard is, A signal word (Danger, Warning, Caution) based upon the hazard level, Text describing the hazard, the potential hazardous outcome and the precautions to avoid the hazard所有危险警告标志的基本格式至少应包括以下三个层次的信息和格式：l 一个能表明隐患是什么的象形图l 一个表明隐患级别的信号文字（危险、警告、注意）l 一段描述隐患、潜在的危险后果以及避免危险的防范措施的文字。The definitions of the signal words are summarized below: CAUTION: The hazard may result in minor or moderate injury. WARNING: A potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, couldresult in death or serious injury. DANGER: An imminent hazard which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.以下总结了信号文字的定义：l 注意：隐患可能会导致较小的或中等的伤害。l 警告：如果不预防，可能会出现导致死亡或严重伤害的危险情况。l 危险：如果不预防，肯定回导致死亡或严重伤害的隐患。As an example, the format for an electrical hazard warning label would be the following: Pictogram: Picture of electrical symbol Signal Word Warning Text: Hazardous VoltageContact May Cause Electric Shock or BurnTurn off and lock out system before servicing例如，一个电能隐患的危险警告标志应包括以下内容：l 象形图： 电力标志的图形l 信号文字： 警告l 文字： 危险高压 直接接触或导致电击或灼伤 维护前应关闭并锁闭系统Hazardous warning labels format:危害警告标志格式：信号文字Signal words文本Text象形图PictogramSize 尺寸：Large 大250mm*392mmMedium 中200mm*313mmSmall 小150mm*235mmExamples of Warning Labels危险警告标志范例For example:例如：易燃化学品存储区域禁止烟火Flammable chemical storage areaNo burning 高压危险有触电和起火危险操作前关闭并锁定系统电源Hazardous voltageRisk of electric shock or burnTurn off and lock out system power before servicing 移动部件会造成压伤和割伤与手保持距离禁止移开防护罩进行操作Moving parts can crush and cutKeep hands clearDo NOT operate with guard removedSignal words信号文字Pictogram象形图Fire Protection消防类 灭火器 消防水带 消防手动启动器 发声警报器Fire extinguisher Fire hose Manual activating device Fire alarm 灭火设备 消防梯 击碎板面Fire-fighting equipment Fire ladder Break to obtain accessProhibition 禁止类 禁止用水灭火 禁止吸烟 禁止烟火 禁止带火种No watering to put out the fire No smoking No burning No matches 禁止阻塞 禁止锁闭 禁止放易燃物 禁止饮用No obstructing No locking No flammable materials No drinking 禁止戴手套 禁止穿化纤服 禁止启动 禁止合闸No putting on gloves No putting on No starting No switching on chemical fibre clothings 禁止转动 禁止触摸 禁止攀登 禁止停留No turning No touching No climbing No stopping 禁止通行 禁止铲车通行 禁止入内 禁止使用移动电话No thoroughfare No forklift No entry No mobile phone 禁止靠近 禁止乘人 禁止拍照 禁止鸣笛No nearing No riding No taking pictures No trumping Warning 警告类 当心触电 当心烫伤 当心冻伤 当心铲车Danger, elec