金识源八年级英语上册 Unit 1 Could you please clean your room（第3课时）课件 鲁教版五四制.ppt

unit1couldyoupleasecleanyourroom sectiona3grammarfocus 4c revision 根据所学内容 写出下列短语 叠衣服做菜用某人的电脑扔垃圾铺床扫地熬夜生某人的气带 出去散步 foldone sclothesdothedishesuseone scomputertakeouttherubbishmakethebedsweepthefloorstayoutlatebeangrywithsb takesb forawalk 打扫客厅在 上工作过来做家务搭车 cleanthelivingroomworkon comeoverdothehouseworkgetaride 阅读下列句子 观察问句的用法及回答 keysentencestructures couldyou please v 原形 表示委婉地提出请求 1 couldyoupleasecleanyourroom yes sure ofcourse certainly allright 2 couldyoupleasedothedishes sorry ican t ihavetodomyhomework peter couldyoupleasetakeoutthetrash sure mom couldyoupleasedothedishes sorry ican t ihavetodomyhomework 重难点点评 在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中 常用could代替can 以表示礼貌 委婉或不确定的语气 而can则不具备这些语气 这种情况下不能把could看作can的过去式 以上两句中用could是为了表示礼貌的请求 表示请求帮助或请求允许时 除了can could之外 还可以用may 句子的表达方式也各有不同 可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念 例 could can mayiuseyourcarforaday iwonderificoulduseyourcarforaday 对于 句所作允答可以各种各样 如同意可以说yes或sure或certainly 还可说yes do please 或ofcourse youmay can 或goahead please 或that sok allright 如果不同意 可以说i msorryyoucan t 或i mreallysorry butihavetouseittoday 要避免说no youcan t 这样显得很不礼貌 否定回答通常用委婉语气 doyoumindifiuseyourcarforaday 对于句 所作回答可以说nevermind notatall 表 不介意 不能用yes sure ofcourse certainly 等 无论肯定还是否定应答中 要避免使用could 要用can或may 因为应答须用确定的语气 而could在表请求的问句中是为了表示礼貌或委婉语气 用在应答中则成了不确定语气 与情理不符 所以应答中不说yes youcould 或no youcouldn t 而要说yes youcan 或sorry no youcan t couldipleaseuseyourcomputer sorry i mgoingtoworkonitnow well couldiwatchtv yes youcan couldi youplease 表示一种有礼貌的请求或提议 其后连接原形动词 比canyou i 语气更委婉 类似句型有 wouldyoulike sth todosth mayi dosth shallwe dosth wouldyoumind sth doingsth what howabout sth doingsth 肯定回答有sure ofcourse certainly ok great well goodidea iagree 等 否定回答有sorry no youcan t 等 makeupdialoguesusingthesentencesingrammarfocuswithyourpartner a couldyoupleasetakethedogforawalk b ok butiwanttowatchoneshowfirst a yes hereyouare b hmm howmuchdoyouneed c yes sure noproblem ifinishedreadingitlastnight d yes butdon tcomebacktoolate e no ican t icutmyfingerandi mtryingnottogetitwet 4awriterforrequestsandpforpermission thenmatcheachonewiththecorrectresponse 1 couldihangoutwithmyfriendsafterthemovies 出去玩2 couldyoupleasepassmethesalt 3 couldiborrowthatbook 4 couldyouhelpmedothedishes 5 couldyoulendmesomemoney p p r r r d a c e b borrow和lendborrow和lend都有 借 的意思 但它们的含义和用法有所不同 borrow表示 借入 即把本来不属于自己的东西借来暂时使用 常与介词from连用 如 youcanborrowabookfromthelibrary lend表示 借出 即把属于自己的东西借给别人暂时使用 常与介词to连用 也可以跟双宾语 如 he sgoingtolendhisbiketotom youmustn tlendothersmypen 4bfillintheblanksintheconversation a ihateto chores b well ihatesomechorestoo butilikeotherchores a really great iaskyouto mewithsomechoresthen b whatdoyouneedhelpwith a youplease myclothesforme b idon twanttodothat it sboring could fold help do could a ok then you dothedishesforme b sure noproblem but wegotothemoviesafterthat a sure i llfinishmyhomeworkwhileyouhelpmewiththedishes thenwecangotothemovies please could could hate用作动词 与like意义相反 意为 憎恨 厌恶 不喜欢 其后可接名词 代词 动词的 ing形式以及动词不定式等 e g lilyhatesmice them jimhatedexercisingwhenhewasyoung ihatetodothelaundrynow ifwearehavingacampingtrip whatshouldwedobeforethetrip discussion whatshouldwedobeforethetrip buysomedrinks buysomefood takeabigcloth bringatent takeanumbrella takearubbishbag bringacamera preparesomeprograms 4cmakealistofthingsyourgroupneedstodoforacampingtrip thendiscusswhowilldothemandcompletethechart groupwork a couldyoupleasebringatent liuchang b sure andcouldyouplease c sorry ican t ihaveto homework writealettertoyourfriendtoaskhim hertotakecareofyourhousewhenyouareonvocation i dliketohelphomelesspeople 2 shedecidedtotryoutforavolunteer 3 youcouldaskhospitalstoletyouvisitthekidsandcheerthemup 4 mariobelievesitcanhelphimtogethisfuturedreamjob 5 shevolunteersthereonceaweektohelpkidslearntoread 6 i mtakingsomesignstoputuparoundtheschool revision could是情态动词can的过去式 但常用来表示委婉的语气 此时与过去式无关 语气比can更委婉 可以用来表示建议或劝告 意为 可以 不妨 1 thegirlcouldvisitthesickkidsinthehospitaltocheerthemup 2 theboycouldgiveoutfoodatthefoodbank 3 thegirlcouldvolunteerinanafter schoolstudyprogramtoteachkids 4 theboycouldhelptocleanupthecityparks 一 usecouldforsuggestions grammar 5 ineedtogetsomemoneytopayforsummercamp whatshouldido ithinkmaybeyoucouldgetapart timejob couldyouletmehaveyourpassport yes hereitis 知识链接 could表示 能力 或 可能性 作为can的过去形式 如 couldyouspeakenglishthen 那时你能讲英语吗 二 短语动词phrasalverbs grammar 短语动词是指英语中有些动词和其他词类一起连用 构成一个固定词组 可看成一个整体 相当于一个单独的动词 这种组合称之为短语动词 短语动词的构成基本有下列几种 动词 介词此类短语动词可以用作及物动词 后面必须接宾语 lookattheblackboard please 请看黑板 此类短语动词还有listento dependon upon lookfor dealwith lookafter takeafter waitfor等 动词 副词此类短语动词既可以用作及物动词 也可以用作不及物动词 igetupveryearlyeverymorning 我每天早晨都很早起床 canyouworkoutthisproblem 你能做出这道题吗 注意 当此类短语动词用作及物动词时 如果宾语是名词 可以将其放在短语的后面 也可以放在动词和副词之间 如果宾语是代词 则必须将其放在动词和副词之间 heputonhisclothesquickly heputhisclothesonquickly 他快速地穿上了衣服 pleasewakemeupatfivetomorrowmorning 请明天早晨五点钟叫醒我 此类短语动词还有 cleanup cheerup giveout eatup fixup giveup giveaway handout helpout putoff putup takeoff等 动词 副词 介词此类短语动词可以用作及物动词 we rerunningoutofwater 我们的水快用光了 此类短语动词还有comeupwith dowellin lookforwardto lookdownupon lookoutof putupwith等 动词 名词 介词此类短语动词的意义取决于名词 而不是动词 修饰时不用副词而用形容词 weshouldtakegoodcareofourparents 我们应该好好照顾我们的父母 此类短语动词还有makeuseof takepridein makefriendswith payattentionto等 4a fillintheblankswiththephrasalverbsinthebox 1 iwantto myplantoworkinananimalhospitaluntilnextsummer i mtoobusywithmystudiesthisyear 2 shehopesto atleastfiveprimaryschoolstoaskiftheyneedtovolunteersfortheirafter schoolprograms putuphandoutcallupcheerupcomeupwithgiveoutputoff putoff callup putuphandoutcallupcheerupcomeupwithgiveoutputoff 3 ourclassistryingto someideasto sickchildrenbecausetheyareoftensad 4 wedecidedto signsaroundtheschooland noticestotellstudentsaboutthebooksale wewill themoneyfromthesaletohomelesspeople comeupwith cheepup putup handout giveout 1 youaresohandsome ithinkyoumight yourfather a lookafterb takeafterc lookupd lookfor2 mypetdogislost couldyoupleasehelpme a lookitforb lookthemforc lookforitd lookforthem3 thecomputerdoesn twork let s a fixupitb fixitupc fixupthemd fixthemup 4 bobcan tbuyanynewbooksbecausehehas hismoney a runoutb runoutofc ranoutd ranoutof5 thetreeisverytall ican t now a getdownb turndownc getoutd turnoff6 i mgoingonvacation couldyouplease mydogwhileiamaway a takecareb takecareofc tookcared tookcareof7 youmustpayattention yourpronunciation a atb withc tod in8 ithinkparentsshouldbestrict theirchildren a isb aboutc ofd with 三 动词不定式infinitive 当我们要表示 想做某事 需要做某事或决定做某事 时 就会出现两个动词连用的情况 这时应如何表达呢 同学们自然会想到wanttodosth needtodosth 和decidetodosth 等表达方式 主要行为动词后面的动词采用 to 动词原形 的结构 我们把这种结构称为动词不定式 有时可以不带to 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化 在句子中不能作谓语 下面我们一起来看一下动词不定式有哪些语法功能 1 什么是动词不定式 1 不定式作宾语动词不定式作动词的宾语 学习不定式作宾语时 要注意掌握后接不定式作宾语的动词 常见动词有 want hope wish like begin try agree help等 manypeopledecidenottothinkaboutit 许多人决定不去想这件事 iwanttogotothelibrary 我想去图书馆 2 动词不定式的主要语法功能 动词 todosth 的固定搭配 wanttodosth wantsb todosthdecidetodosth tellsb todosth hopetodosth plantodosth offertodosth agreetodosth learntodosth asksb todosth invitesb todosth he llusewhathehas heranewdress 无锡中考 a boughtb tobuyc buyingd beenbought2 mum canihavesomething oh dear youcanonlydrinksomewater thereis inthekitchen 宿迁中考 a todrink nothingelseb drinking somethingelsec toeat somethingelsed eating nothingelse 解析 选a 不定式作定语修饰名词或代词时要放在后面 先排除b d二项 由关键信息youcanonlydrinksomewater 可排除c 3 2005武汉 motherasksme computergamesbeforefinishingmyhomework a notplayb toplayc nottoplayd tonotplay b c 3 动词不定式作介词but和except的宾语 介词之前有行为动词do或它的其它形式时 不定式符号to通常被省略 e g 1 hehadnochoicebuttositthereasusual 他没有什么选择 只好像往常一样坐在那儿 2 ihavenootherwishexcepttopasstheexamination 我除了要通过考试之外 没有别的心愿 3 hecan tdoanythingbutwaitformethere 他什么也不能做 只好在那等我 2 动词不定式作形容词的宾语 这类形容词有 able afraid angry careful easy等 如 iamveryhappytomeetyou 我见到你很高兴 sheisafraidtowalkatnight 她害怕走夜路 itiseasytounderstandthecartoon 看懂这部卡通片很容易 1 hewants somevegetables a buyb buyingc tobuyd buys 2 don tforget yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool a tobringb bringingc totaked taking 3 hefounditverydifficult a sleepingb sleepsc sleptd tofallasleep c a d practice 2 动词不定式做宾语补足语 不定式做宾语补足语是对宾语的补充说明 1 带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有 要求允许提议 ask allow advise 期望邀请鼓励 expect invite encourage 教导告诉想要 teach tell want 等待希望愿意 waitfor wish wouldlike love 如 i dinvitehertohavedinneratmyhouse weshouldallowthechildrentochoosetheirownclothes 2 不带to的不定式作宾补在主动句里 动词不定式在使役动词 make let have 或感官动词 feel listento hear lookat see watch notice 之后作宾补时 不定式需省去to 包括四 看 lookat observe see watch 三 让 have let make 二 听 hear listento 一 感觉 feel 一 注意 notice e g 1 ifeltsomeoneopenmydoor 我感觉有人开了我的门 2 pleaselistentomesingthesongagain 请听我把这首歌再唱一遍 3 youcan tlettheboystandinthesun 你不能让那孩子站在太阳底下 4 youmustwatchmecarefullydoeverything 你必须仔细观察我所做的一切 notice 感官动词后既可跟省略to的不定式作宾补 也可跟现在分词作宾补 其区别是 前者强调动作的全过程或经常性 后者则强调动作在进行 片断 1 iheardhersing 我听见她唱了歌 2 iheardhersinging 我听见她正在唱歌 3 带to或不带to的不定式作宾补动词help后接动词不定式作补语 to可带可不带 e g 1 theycanhelpyoutolearnenglish 2 usingemailenglishhelpsyouwritequickly 4 不定式做宾语补足语时 如果要表达否定的意思 要在todo前加not 构成nottodo的形式 e g 1 tomtoldmenottotouchanything 2 motheraskedusnottomaketoomuchnoise 3 不定式作状语不定式常常作目的状语 原因状语 结果状语等 不定式作状语时 要注意不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致 e g 1 icametobeijingtoseemygrandpa 我来北京看望我爷爷 2 i mgladtomeetyou 很高兴见到你 3 i mtootiredtowalk 我太累了 走不动了 1 目的状语 如果想要表达 做某事是为了什么 可以用动词不定式表示目的 作目的状语 不定式做目的状语时 可以放在句首 页可以放在句尾 置于句首时常表示强调 e g 1 inordertocatchtheearlybus shegotupveryearly 2 agroupofyoungpeoplegottogethertodiscussthisquestion 3 shecametothiscitytovisitherdaughter 2 原因状语 多见于 sb be adj todo 结构句中 e g 1 ifeelveryluckytohavehim 2 heranoutofmoneytobuyoldbikes 3 结果状语 多见于 too to enoughto 结构句中 e g 1 i mtootiredtodoitwell 2 theroomisbigenoughforthreepeopletolivein 4b fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebox helpmovedomakevisitspend mostpeopletodayareonlyworriedaboutgettinggoodjobs lotsofmoney intheirfreetime theythinkaboutwhat forfun however fewpeoplethinkaboutwhattheycando others tomake todo tohelp therearemanypeoplewhoarelessluckythanus volunteeringourtimetohelpthesepeopleisagoodway ourfreetime forexample wecanmakeplans sickchildreninthehospitalorraisemoneyforhomelesspeople somepeopleevenstopdoingtheirjobsforafewmonthsorayear toanotherplace likeoneofthecountriesinafrica andhelppeoplethere tospend tovisit tomove 4c completethesentenceswithyourownideas useinfinitives 1 i dliketovolunteer 2 at12 00a m icalledmyfriend 3 i mverybusybuticouldhelp atthefoodbankandhelptogiveoutfoodtothehomelesspeople toaskhimanimportantquestion topaintthehouseforafewhourstomorrow 4 summervacationiscoming andiwant 5 iwanttotravelalone myparentstoldme tovisitmygrandparentsinhunan nottodothatbecauseiamtooyounganditisnotsafe phrasesfocus i mtoobusywithmystudiesthisyear 今年我太忙于我的学习 bebusywithsth bebusydoingsth 忙于 忙于做 2 shehopestocallupatleastfiveprimaryschoolstoaskiftheyneedvolunteersfortheirafter schoolprograms atleast至少 primaryschool小学 后面是if引导的一般疑问句作的宾语从句 为了课文项目他们是否需要志愿者 3 mostpeopletodayareonlyworriedaboutgettinggoodjobstomakelotsofmoney beworriedabout为 担忧 about是介词 doing 动名词 getgoodjobs找到好工作 动词不定式tomakemoney挣钱做目的状语 4 volunteeringourtimetohelpthesepeopleisagoodwaytospendourfreetime 这是动名词 v ing 作主语 volunteerone stimetodo志愿用 的时间做 spendone sfreetime度过业余时光 5 few little表否定 几乎没有 alittle afew表少数 几个 few修饰可数名词复数 little修饰不可数名词原形 此外alittle还可修饰比较级表示 一点 e g 1 hehaspearsinhisbag buthasmoneyinthebag 2 sheistallerthanhersisterthisyear 6 wewillgiveoutthemoneyfromthesaletohomelesspeople homelesspeople无家可归的人 类似的还有 hopeless无望的 useless无用的 afew little alittle 我会说短语 忙于做某事小学至少学校周围售书无家可归的人们为 担忧 bebusydoingsth primaryschoolatleastaroundtheschoolbooksalehomelesspeoplebeworriedaboutsth 找到好工作挣钱不比 幸运志愿用时间做为 筹钱离职做 getgoodjobmakemoneylessluckythanvolunteeronestimetodosth raisemoneyforsth stopdoingonesjobtodosth 1 itoldbob thetvsinceitwastoolate 2001陕西 a turnoffb turnsoffc turningoffd toturnoff2 myparentsaskedme homeearlieryesterday 2000北京朝阳区 a getb gettingc togetd got3 thegreedyinn keeperoncemadethepoorheroin twiceaday 2001上海 a danceb dancesc dancedd todance4 isweifanggoodatsinging yes sheis weoftenhearher inthenextroom 2001苏州 a tosingb singsc singd singing d c a c 5 whatdidyourteachersaythismorning shetoldus makefacesinclass 2013湖北随州 a tonotb nottoc donotd didn t6 jessi