20--词种与词根B—C.doc

巴朗词表速记（20）词种与词根BC B=爆、发boisterous ADJ. violent; rough; noisy. The unruly crowd became even more boisterous when he tried to quiet them.buoyant ADJ. able to float; cheerful and optimistic. When the boat capsized, her buoyant life jacket kept Jody afloat. Scrambling back on board, she was still in a buoyant mood, certain that despite the delay shed win the race. buoyancy, N.burgeon v. grow forth; send out buds. In the spring, the plants that burgeon are a promise of the beauty that is to come.burnish v. make shiny by rubbing; polish. The maid burnished the brass fixtures until they reflected the lamplight.buttress v. support; prop up. Just as architects buttress the walls of cathedrals with flying buttresses, debaters buttress their arguments with facts, also N.buxom ADJ. full-bosomed; plump; jolly. High-fashion models usually are slender rather than buxom.bolster v. support; reinforce. The debaters amassed file boxes full of evidence to bolster their arguments.bar=杠、拦barrage N. barrier laid down by artillery fire; overwhelming profusion. The company was forced to retreat through the barrage of heavy cannons.构词：bar + age (n)barrister N. counselor-at-law. Galsworthy started as a barrister, but, when he found the practice of law boring, turned to writing.构词：bar + ri（补音）+ ster参考词汇：ster=者：trickster, minister, youngsterbarterer N. trader. The barterer exchanged trinkets for the natives furs.构词：bar + ter + er (person)embargo N. ban on commerce or other activity. As a result of the embargo, trade with the colonies was at a standstill.构词：em (v) bar + gobase, byss, bysm=bottomabase v. lower; degrade; humiliate. Anna expected to have to curtsy to the King of Siam: when told to cast herself down on the ground before him, however, she refused to abase herself. abasement, N.构词：a (to) + base (bottom)abysmal ADJ. bottomless. His arrogance is exceeded only by his abysmal ignorance.构词：a (to) + bysm (bottom) + al (a)abyssN. enormous chasm; vast, bottomless pit. Darth Vader seized the evil emperor and hurled him into the abyss.构词：a (to) + byss (bottom)debase v. reduce in quality or value; lower in esteem; degrade. In The King and I, Anna refuses to kneel down and prostrate herself before the king; she feels that to do so would debase her position, and she will not submit to such debasement.构词：de (down) + base (bottom)bate, baste, buff, buke=beatabate v. subside or moderate. Rather than leaving immediately, they waited for the storm to abate.构词：a (to) + bate (beat)bate v. let down; restrain. Until it was time to open the presents, the children had to bate their curiosity.bated, ADJ.rebate N. discount. We offer a rebate of ten percent to those who pay cash.构词：re (back) + bate (beat)lambaste v. beat; thrash verbally or physically. It was painful to watch the champion lambaste his opponent, tearing into him mercilessly.构词：lam (beat) + baste (beat)rebuff v. snub; beat back. She rebuffed his invitation so smoothly that he did not realize he had been snubbed. also N.构词：re (back) + buff (beat)rebuke v. scold harshly; criticize severely. No matter how sharply Miss Watson rebuked Huck for his misconduct, he never talked back but just stood there like a stump. also N.构词：re (back) + buke (beat)bio=lifesymbiosis N. interdependent relationship (between groups, species), often mutually beneficial. Both the crocodile bird and the crocodile derive benefit from their symbiosis: pecking away at food particles embedded in the crocodiles teeth, the bird derives nourishment; the crocodile, meanwhile, derives proper dental hygiene. symbiotic, ADJ.构词：sym (together) + bio (life) + sis (n) bl=blowblare N. loud, harsh roar or screech; dazzling blaze of light. I dont know which is worse: the steady blare of a boom box deafening your ears or a sudden blare of flashbulbs dazzling your eyes. also v.blatant ADJ. extremely obvious; loudly offensive. Caught in a blatant lie, the scoundrel had only one regret: he wished that he had lied more subtly.blatancy, N.bleak ADJ. cold or cheerless; unlikely to be favorable. The frigid, inhospitable Aleutian lands are bleak military outposts. Its no wonder that soldiers assigned there have a bleak attitude toward their posting.bloated ADJ. swollen or puffed as with water or air. Her bloated stomach came from drinking so much water. bluff ADJ. rough but good-natured. Jack had a bluff and hearty manner that belied his actual sensitivity; he never let people know how thin-skinned he really was. bluff N. pretense (of strength); deception; high cliff. Claire thought Lord Byrons boast that he would swim the Hellespont was just a bluff; she was astounded when he dove from the high bluff into the watersbelow.bludgeon N. club; heavy-headed weapon. Attacked by Dr. Moriarty, Holmes used his walking stick as a bludgeon to defend himself. “Watson,” he said, “I fear I may have bludgeoned Moriarty to death.”blunder N. error. The criminals fatal blunder led to his capture, also v.blurt v. utter impulsively. Before she could stop him, he blurted out the news.bluster v. blow in heavy gusts; threaten emptily; bully. “Let the stormy winds bluster,” cried Jack, “well set sail tonight.” Jill let Jack bluster: she wasnt going anywhere, no matter what he said. also N.br=breakbreach N. breaking of contract or duty; fissure or gap. Jill sued Jack for breach of promise, claiming he had broken their engagement. The attackers found a breach in the enemys fortifications and penetrated their lines, also v.brittle ADJ. easily broken; difficult. My employers brittle personality made it difficult for me to get along with her. 可曲解为：break + littlebroach v. introduce; open up. Jack did not even try to broach the subject of religion with his in-laws. If you broach a touchy subject, the result may be a breach. 可看作break的异体brocade N. rich, figured fabric. The sofa was covered with expensive brocade. brunt N. main impact or shock. Tom Sawyer claimed credit for painting the fence, but the brunt of the work fell on others. However, Tom bore the brunt of Aunt Pollys complaints when the paint began to peel. brusque ADJ. blunt; abrupt. She was offended by his brusque reply.brev=brief abbreviate briefv, shorten. Because we were running out of time, the lecturer had to abbreviate her speech.构词：ab (to) + brev (brief) + ate (v)brevity N. conciseness. Brevity is essential when you send a telegram or cablegram; you are charged for every word.构词：brev (brief) + ty (n)burse=pursedisburse v. pay out. When you disburse money on the companys behalf, be sure to get a receipt. 构词：dis (away) + burse (purse)reimburse v. repay. Let me know what you have spent and I will reimburse you.构词：re (back) + im (in) + burse (purse)C=消极符cabal N. small group of persons secretly united to promote their own interests. The cabal was defeated when its scheme was discovered. cajole v. coax; wheedle. Cher tried to cajole her father into letting her drive the family car. cajolery, N. calamity N. disaster; misery. As news of the calamity spread, offers of relief poured in to the stricken community. callous ADJ. hardened; unfeeling. He had worked in the hospital for so many years that he was callous to the suffering in the wards.callus, N.callow ADJ. youthful; immature; inexperienced. As a freshman, Jack was sure he was a man of the world; as a sophomore, he made fun of freshmen as callow youths. In both cases, his judgment showed just how callow he was.calumny N. malicious misrepresentation; slander. He could endure his financial failure, but he could not bear the calumny that his foes heaped upon him.camouflage v. disguise; conceal. In order to rescue Han Solo, Princess Leia camouflaged herself in the helmet and cloak of a space bandit, also N.canard N. unfounded rumor; exaggerated report. It is almost impossible to protect oneself from such a base canard.canker N. any ulcerous sore; any evil. Poverty is a canker in the body politic; it must be cured.canny ADJ. shrewd; thrifty. The canny Scotsman was more than a match for the swindlers. cantankerous ADJ. ill-humored; irritable. Constantly complaining about his treatment and refusing to cooperate with the hospital staff, he was a cantankerous patient.c=circle环形circumlocutionn. indirect or roundabout expression. He was afraid to call a spade a spade and resorted to circumlocutions to avoid direct reference to his subject.构词：circum (circle) + loc (speech) + tion (n)cog 拟形N. tooth projecting from a wheel. A bicycle chain moves through a series of cogs in order to propel the bike.coin v. make coins; invent or fabricate. Mints coin good money; counterfeiters coin fakes. Slanderers coin nasty rumors; writers coin words. A neologism is a newly coined expression.decantcant = rim of a vessel. C shapev. pour off gently. Be sure to decant this wine before serving it.构词：de (away) + cant (rim of a vessel)cand=lightcandor N. frankness; open honesty. Jack can carry candor too far; when he told Jill his honest opinion of her, she nearly slapped his face.candid, ADJ.构词：cand (light) + er (n)incandescent ADJ. strikingly bright; shining with intense heat. If you leave on an incandescent light bulb, it quickly grows too hot to touch.构词：in (in) + cand (light) + scent (a)cand = light: 如candlecant=singcant N. insincere expressions of piety; jargon of thieves. Shocked by news of the ministers extramarital love affairs,the worshippers dismissed his talk about the sacredness of marriage as mere cant. Cant is a form of hypocrisy: those who can, pray; those who cant, pretend. incantation N. singing or chanting of magic spells; magical formula. Uttering incantations to make the brew more potent, the witch doctor stirred the liquid in the caldron.构词：in (to) + cant (sing) + tion (n)recant v. disclaim or disavow; retract a previous statement; openly confess error. Hoping to make Joan of Arc recant her sworn testimony, her English captors tried to convince her that her visions had been sent to her by the Devil.构词：re (back) + cant (sing)canto N. division of a long poem. Dantes poetic masterpiece The Divine Comedy is divided into cantos.构词：cant (sing) + o (n)cad, cas, cid=fall, dead bodycas=fallcadaver N. corpse. In some states, it is illegal to dissect cadavers.构词：cad (fall) + av（补音）+ er (n)cadaverous ADJ. like a corpse; pale. From his cadaverous appearance, we could see how the disease had ravaged him.构词：cadaver (corpse) + ous (a)cadence N. rhythmic rise and fall (of words or sounds); beat. Marching down the road, the troops sang out, following the cadence set by the sergeant.构词：cad (fall) + ence (n)cascadeN. small waterfall. We were too tired to appreciate the beauty of the many cascades because we had to detour around them to avoid being drenched by the torrents cascading down.构词：cas (fall) + c + ade (n) casualty N. serious or fatal accident. The number of automotive casualties on this holiday weekend was high.构词：cas (fall) + ual (a) + ty (n)decadence N. decay. The moral decadence of the people was reflected in the lewd literature of the period.构词：de (down) + cad (fall) + ence (n)deciduous ADJ. falling off, as of leaves. The oak is a deciduous tree. deciduousevergreen 构词：de (down) + cid (fall) + ous (a)incidence N. rate of occurrence; particular occurrence.Health professionals expressed great concern over the high incidence of infant mortality in major urban areas.构词：in (to) + cid (fall) + ent (a)incidental ADJ. not essential; minor. The scholarship covered his major expenses at college and some of his incidental expenses as well.构词：incidentent + al (a)recidivism N. habitual return to crime. Prison reformers in the United States are disturbed by the high rate of recidivism; the number of persons serving second and third terms indicates the failure of the prisons to rehabilitate the inmates.构词：re (back) + cid (fall) + iv（补音）+ ism (n) cap=head, catch (hold)capacious ADJ. spacious. In the capacious areas of the railroad terminal, thousands of travelers lingered while waiting for their train.构词：cap (hold) + ac（补音）+ ous (a)capacity N. mental or physical ability; role; ability to accommodate. Mike had the capacity to handle several jobs at once. In his capacity as president of SelecTronics he marketed an electronic dictionary with a capacity of 200,000 words.构词：cap (hold) + ac（补音）+ ty (n)decapitate v. behead. They did not hang Lady Jane Grey; they decapitated her. “Off with her head!” cried the Duchess, eager to decapitate poor Alice.构词：de (away) + cap (head) + it（补音）+ ate (v)recapitulate v. summarize. Let us recapitulate what has been said thus far before going ahead.构词：re (again) + cap (catch) + it（补音）+ ul（补音）+ ate (v)car, carn, corp=flesh, bodycarn=flesh, cutcarnage N. destruction of life. The film The Killing Fields vividly depicts the carnage wreaked by Pol Pots followers in Cambodia.构词：carn (flesh) + age (n)carnal ADJ. fleshly. Is the public more interested in carnal pleasures than in spiritual matters? Compare the number of people who read Playboy daily to the number of those who read the Bible every day.构词：carn + al (a)car=bodycarrion N. rotting flesh of a dead body. Buzzards are natures scavengers; they eat the carrion left behind by other predators.构词：car (body) + ion (n)incarnate ADJ. endowed with flesh; personified. Your attitude is so fiendish that you must be a devil incarnate.构词：in (in) + carn (flesh) + ate (v)incarnation N. act of assuming a human body and human nature. The incarnation of Jesus Christ is a basic tenet of Christian theology.构词：in (in) + carn (body) + tion (n)corporeal ADJ. bodily; material. The doctor had no patience with spiritual matters; his job was to attend to his patients corporeal problems, not to minister to their souls.构词：corp (body) + or（补音）+ al (a)incorporeal ADJ. lacking a material body; insubstantial. Although Casper the friendly ghost is an incorporeal being, he and his fellow ghosts make quite an impact on the physical world.构词：in (no) + corp (body) + or（补音）+ al (a)corpulent ADJ. very fat. The corpulent man resolved to reduce.corpulence, N.构词：corp (body) + ul（补音）+ ent (a)incorporate v. introduce something into a larger whole; combine; unite. Breaking with precedent, President Truman ordered the military to incorporate blacks into every branch of the armed services, also ADJ.构词：in + corp (body) + or (n) + ate (v)caust, cauter=burncaustic ADJ. burning; sarcastically biting. The critics caustic remarks angered the hapless actors who were the subjects of his sarcasm.构词：caust (burn) + ic (a)比较：holocaust cauterize v. burn with hot iron or caustic. In order to prevent infection, the doctor cauterized the wound.构词：cauter (burn) + ize (v)caval=horsecavalcade N. procession; parade. As described by Chaucer, the cavalcade of Canterbury pilgrims was a motley group.构词：caval (horse) + c + ade (n)cavalier ADJ. casual and offhand; arrogant. Sensitive about having her ideas taken lightly, Marcia felt insulted by Marks cavalier dismissal of her suggestion.构词：caval (horse) + er (person)，取意像骑士一样，而不是像绅士那样cede, cess, cest=go, yieldaccede v. agree. If I accede to this demand for blackmail, I am afraid that I will be the victim of future demands.构词：ac (to) + cede (yield)antecede v. precede. The invention of the radiotelegraph anteceded the development of television by a quarter of a century.构词：ante (before) + cede (go)antecedents N. preceding events or circumstances that influence what comes later; ancestors or early background. Susi Bechhofers ignorance of her Jewish background had its antecedents in the chaos of World War II. Smuggled out of Germany and adopted by a Christian family, she knew nothing of her birth and antecedents until she was reunited with her Jewish family in 1989.构词：antecede + ent (n)concede v. admit; yield. Despite all the evidence Monica had assembled, Mark refused to concede that she was right.构词：con (to) + cede (yield)precedent N. something preceding in time that may be used as an authority or guide for future action; an earlier occurrence. The law professor asked Jill to state which famous case served as a precedent for the courts decisio