动词不定时用法.doc

动词不定式的用法 在初中时，我们就学过动词不定式，现就其用法归纳如下。 动词不定式在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。一、作主语动词不定式作主语可位于句首。例如：To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society.也可使用it作形式主语，而将其置于句末。例如：It is necessary for young students to learn a foreign language.动词不定式作主语的常用句型有：1. It isadj./ n. (for sb.sth.) to do sth.用于此句型的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。例如：It is interesting to play this game.It is necessary for you to change your job. It was impossible for them to complete the task in such a short time.考例1：Is _ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? (88 MET) A. now B. man C. that D. it用于此句型的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, ones duty, onesjob, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。例如：What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonderfulfilm. It is good manners for the young to give their seatsto the old. 2. It isadj.of sb.to do sth. 该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词，如：kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。例如： How rude it was of the boy to jump the queue!It is friendly of the family to try to make me feelat home in their house. How silly it was of you to give up such a goodchance！3. It takes sb.some timeto do sth. 该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。例如：It took us half an hour to ride to the town by bike. 二、作表语 动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构：My wish/ job/ aim/ goal is及The next step/ measure is 等。例如：Your job is to type the papers in the office. The next measure is to stop the river from being polluted.三、作宾语常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, choose, decide, hope, fail, wish, refuse, expect, manage, plan, intend, pretend, promise, offer, afford, demand, arrange等。 例如：They decided to build a highway between these two cities.She offered to help me when I was in trouble.believe, think, consider, feel, make等动词可用于“动词+ it +adj. / n+to do sth.”句型，其中使用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。例如：I think it necessary for us to have a good rest after the long work. She felt it her duty to help the old woman.四、作宾补 可后接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：advise, allow, ask, hear, order, see, tell, want, wish, watch等。例如： The doctor advised her no to eat too much sugar. I wish you to go to the meeting with me.believe, consider, count, declare, deny, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge, know, prove, realize, suppose, think等动词后可接to be型不定式作宾补。例如：He declared himself to be a college student. 他自称是名大学生。The police proved him to be a thief. 警察局证实他是小偷。 hope, demand, suggest等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。例如：【误】I hope my son to be back soon. 【正】I hope my son will be back soon.【误】She suggests us to have a discussion about it. 【正】She advises us to have a discussion about it.【正】She suggests that we (should) have a discussion about it.在主动结构中，下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to：“五看”(see, watch, notice, observe, look at)“三使”(make, let, have)“两听”(hear, listen to)“一感觉”(feel)。例如：Who made him work all night long?但是，改为被动结构后，应补出省略的to。例如：He was seen to break the window.五、作定语 动词不定式作定语，应位于所修饰词语之后，即：作后置定语。例如：Have you got anything to eat? (to eat修饰anything，位于其后)下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语：ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, failure, promise, way, wish等。例如：But she gave up the chance to go abroad.由only, first, last, next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，也常接不定式作定语。例如：Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night?六、作状语 动词不定式作状语，可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。例如：1.We went there to see our grandparents.（目的）2)A group of young people got together to(in order to / so as to) discuss this question. 3. I am very sorry to hear that.（原因）She hurried home only to find her father dead.（结果）作目的状语，还可以使用in order to或so as to。例如：The boy worked so hard in order to make up for the lost time.结果状语还可以使用enough to, tooto, soas to, such as to等结构。例如：He got up too late to miss the early bus. She was in such a hurry as not to notice me.。 七、带疑问词的不定式短语 动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不带to。如：1.用作句子的成分。1)I dont know what to try next. (作宾语) 2)Where to go is not decided yet.(作主语)2.单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。1)What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?)2)Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?)八、后面加动名词与不定式时语义不同的1、stop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。 stop doing停止做某事。2、forget to do忘记要去做某事。(未做) forget doing忘记做过某事。(已做)3、remember to do 记得去做某事(未做) remember doing记得做过某事(已做)4、regret to do对要做的事遗憾。(未做) regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔。(已做)6、try to do努力，企图做某事。 try doing试验，试着做某事。7、go on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。go on doing继续做原来做的事。8、mean to do打算、想mean doing意味着一、动词不定式作主语1. Its our duty _ the room every day. A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans（甘肃省）2. Its hard for us _ English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning（江西省）3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。It will _ the workers over a year _ _ the flyover.（北京市海淀区）4. Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.A. for，of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to（安徽省）二、动词不定式作宾语1. He wants _ some vegetables. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys （山西省）2. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking （福建省）3. He found it very difficult _. A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep （湖南省）三、动词不定式作宾语补足语1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with （江苏省）2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food. A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked （甘肃省）四、动词不定式作状语1. She went _ her teacher. A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing （江西省）2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns （四川省）3. Im sorry _ that. A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear （河北省）4. Im sorry _ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled （吉林省）5. The panda is so fat that it cant go through the hole.（改为意思相同的句子）The hole _ _ _ _ such a fat panda to go through. （广东省）6. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldnt skate on it. （改为意思相同的句子）The ice on the lake wasnt _ enough _ people _ _ _. （广东省）【典型考题】1. “What are you going to do this weekend?” “Id like my parents.” A. to visit B. visit C. visiting2. Whats your plan for the summer holidays? Ive no idea, but Ive decided at home. A. stay B. to stay C. stayed D. staying3. Last week our geography teacher told us more information about how to protect the environment. A. get B. got C. to get D. getting4. Our headmaster asked us a report on how to protect wild animals. A. write B. writing C. to write D. wrote5. How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up? It makes me very proud.A. felt B. to feel C. feeling D. feel6. It took her half an hour the Water Park by bus last Sunday. A. gets to B. get to C. to get to D. getting to7. Its dangerous for you that tall tree. A. climb B. to climb C. climbing D. climbed8. My brother is ill in hospital. Im sorry that. A. hear B. hearing C. heard D. to hear9. more information about the trip, you can go to .A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found10. Some children are arguing about what TV programs . A. watching B. for watching C. to watch D. will watch动词不定式专项练习 1. Its wrong _ not _ her a letter.A. of you; to write B. for you; writing C. of you; writing D. for you; write2. Im sorry, I _ my exercise book at home. Dont forget _ it to school tomorrow, please.A. forget; to take B. left; to bring C. forget; to bring D. left; to take3. Before you go abroad, you need _ about table manners in that country.A. knew B. known C. to know D. knowing4. I need some paper _. A. to write B. to write on C. to write in D. writing5. I have no pens _. Could you please lend me one? Sure. Here you are.A. to write B. to write down C. to write with D. to write in6. Do you think our football team will win the match? Yes, we have better players. So I _ them to win. A. hope B. ask C. help D. expect7. I am allowed _ until 12:00 on the evening of the Spring Festival.A. stay up B. to stay up C. staying up D. to staying up8. Cars cause most of Beijings air pollution. So the “No Car Day” campaign（活动）asks Beijing drivers _ their cars at home one day each month. A. leave B. leaving C. to leave D. to be left9. Do you like sports? Sure. Im looking forward to _ the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing on TV.A. watch; to hold B. watching; being held C. watch; held D. watching; to be held10. Good manners usually help people to _ each other. A. get on well with B. get started C. be friendly D. get together11. When people want to relax themselves, they prefer _ TV or listen to music rather than _ newspapers.A. watching; read B. watching; to read C. to watch; read D. to watch; reading12. Oh, terrible! I forgot _ the window. Its windy. Really? Lets go back