九年级英语知识点总结.doc

一重点短语集锦make up 组成；拼凑成；编造 end up 结束；告终 begin with.以.开始be afraid to do 害怕去做；不敢去做 deal with 处理；应付 be angry with sb.生.的气go by （指时间）过去；消逝 not at all 一点也不；完全不 make mistakes 犯错；出错later on 以后；随后 laugh at 嘲笑 take notes 做笔记；做记录look up查阅；查找 try ones best 尽力做. break off 突然中止；中断regard.as 把看作 take pride in=be proud of 对感到自豪 deal with=do with处理，应付 in the end最后，终于二重点语法知识不定代词/不定副词1）something，anything，nothing，everything是指物的不定代词。somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，everybody， everyone是指人的不定代词。somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere是指地点的不定副词。2）当形容词或else修饰不定代词、不定副词时，放于其后； something special; somewhere wonderful,something else,someone else else 修饰复合不定代词时，所有格在else后面加3）不定代词、不定副词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：Is everybody here? 大家都到齐了吗？4）something，somebody，someone，somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中，而anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。如：Did you do anything interesting? 你做了有趣的事吗？（表疑问）Why dont you visit someone with me? 你为什么不跟我一起去拜访下某个人呢？（表建议）If anything happens, please tell me. 如果有事情发生，请告诉我。【过手训练】1The bottle is empty. There is _ in it.AanythingBsomethingCnothing2-“There isnt _ water here. Could you get _ for me?”-“All ringht.”Asome; someBany; anyCsome; anyDany; some3Be quiet! I have _ to tell you.Aimportant anythingBanything importantCimportant somethingDsomething important4Put it down, Richard. You mustnt read _ letter. Aanyones elsesBanyones elseCanyone elsesDanyone elseboth,neither,either的用法1.both意为“(两者)都”，both的反义词是neither”两者之中任何一个都不”，常用结构：both+n.(复数) Both sthdents are clever.both of n.(复数/代词复数 Both of the students are clever. Both of us are students.both A and B 表示两者兼有。如：She was both tired and hungry.她又累又饿。/Both you and I are interested in English.以上三种结构作主语时谓语动词用复数2. neither”两者之中任何一个都不”，常用结构：neither+n.(单数) Neither answer is right.两个答案都不正确neither of n.(复数/代词复数 He has two sons; neither of them is clever.以上两种结构作主语时谓语动词用单数neitherAnorB 既不也不，作主语时谓语动词与B保持一致，如：Its neither cold nor hot.天气既不冷也不热Neither you nor I am right3. either意为“(两者中)任意一个”，常用结构:either+n.(单数) Either answer is right.either of n.(复数/代词复数 He has two sons; either of them is clever. 以上两种结构作主语时谓语动词用单数eitherAorB或者或者,要么要么., 作主语时谓语动词与B保持一致，Either Jane or Mary goes to the party.要么Jane去参加聚会，要么Mary去【过手训练】1“Which of the two dictionaries do you like better?”“I like _ , because theyre not useful.”AbothBeitherCallDneither2There are some trees on _ side of the street.AbothBallCeitherDeveryall与none，any的用法all (所有的，全部的人或物)，all表示三者或三者以上都；any (任何一个)，any表示三者或三者以上中任何一个； none (都不)表示三者或三者以上都不；。 以上词使用范围为三者以上。All与none都可与of连用All the flowers are gone.所有的花都谢了。I dont like any of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。I like none of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。注意：all与none用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词。none用作主语时，若指不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；若指可数名词，谓语可用单数(较正式)，也可用复数(用于非正式文体，且更符合惯用法)。如：None of the money is mine. 这笔钱没有一点是我的。None of the boys is are clever. 这些男孩都不聪明【过手训练】1.All of us were invited, but _ of us cameAneitherBnoneCboth2They were all very tired, but _ of them would stop to take a rest.AanyBsomeCnoneDneitherthe other, the others, other, others, another 辨析1.the other 表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分，表示两个中的一个另一个时，常用one the other。例：He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen are boys.2. the others特指某一范围内的其他全部的（人或物），后面不能接名词， the others= the other+复数名词。You two stay here, the others go with me. Only Lily is late for class; the others(the other students) are here.3. others 泛指“其他的人或物”,后不能再接名词，others=other+名词复数，中考常考结构someothers.一些另一些 例：Some students are doing homework, others (other students)are talking loudly.4.another 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例：I dont like this one. Please show me another one. 【过手训练】1These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me _ one.AotherBothersCthe othersDanother2There are twenty teachers in this gradeEight of them are women teachers and _ are men teachers.Athe otherBthe othersCothersDother3. He was holding the wheel with one hand and waving with _. A. other B. the other C. another D. othersEvery和each的用法1.each 指两者或两者以上的每一个，既可以作形容词也可以用作代词形容词，each+n(单数) 作主语时谓语动词用单数e.g Each man does his work 每个人都在工作代词，可与of 结构直接连用e.g Each of my parents gave me presents for Christmas. 过圣诞节时我父母每人都给我送了礼物2.every指三者或三者以上的每一个，只能作形容词形容词，every+ n(单数) 做主语时谓语动词用单数e.g Every player was in good form. 每个运动员都处于最佳状态every 不能与of 直接连用，every one ofe.g Every one of the books is useful.【过手训练】1There are lots of English books here, and _ of them is easy to understand.AbothBallCeveryDeach2_ of them has a dictionary and _ one of them can look up words in the dictionary.AEach; everyBEvery; eachCEach; eachDEvery; every.little/few/a little/a few/a bit of的区别1. a little意为一些、少量，后接不可数名词。如：There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点水。还可以接形容词。如：He is a little shy. 他有些害羞。2. a few 意为一些、少数，后接复数的可数名词。如：There are a few people in the room. 房间里有一些人。3. a bit 意为一点儿，后接形容词。如：Its a bit cold. 有点冷。a bit of 后接不可数名词。如：He has a bit of money. 他有一点儿钱。4. a little和a few表肯定意义，little和few表否定意义；如：There is a little soda in the glass. 杯子里有一点儿汽水。There is little soda in the glass. 杯子里几乎没有汽水了。I have a few Chinese friends. 我有一些中国朋友。Few people like him. 几乎没有人喜欢他。5. a little = a bit of, 后接不可数名词；a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容词，意为有点儿。【过手训练】1There is _ water here; but there are quite _ empty glasses. Alittle; a fewBfew; littleCfew; a fewDlittle; a little2My father is very busy with his work. He has _ time to do the housework.AlittleBfewCa littleDa few3“Would you like some milk in your tea?”“Yes, just _ .”AmuchBa littleCa fewDlittle【课堂小练习】1. Sam looks like his Dad. They are _ tall.A. either B. any C. all D. both2. Is there _ in todays menu?-Yes, we have Beijing Duck.A. anything special B. special anythingC. nothing special D. special nothing3. Does _ know the answer to the question?-Me.A. everybody B. anybody C. somebody D. nobody4.Im leaving for the exam. Bye-bye, Mum.-Well, make sure youve got _ ready.A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing5. Are Jim and Bob playing outside?-_. They are doing their homework in the study.A. Either B. Both C. Neither D. None6. My sister has two skirts. One is yellow, _ is black.A. other B. another C. others D. the other。7. -Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?-Im afraid _ day is possible.A. neither B. either C. some D. any8. Which is more useful, listening or speaking?-I think _ of them are useful.A. none B. both C. all9 Which of the two T-shirts will you take?-Ill take _, one for my brother, the other for myself.A. either B. neither C. all D. both10. (2007重庆中考) This English newspaper is very easy for the students because there are _ new words in it.A. little B. a little C. few D. a few Unit1 How do you study for a test?三、知识点详解1.By asking the teacher for help通过向老师求助by介词，意为“通过”，“靠”，此处表示方法、手段，后接名词、代词动名词。Eg: He had to do all the work by hand. Mr. Green makes a living by teaching.拓展：ask sb. for help为固定搭配，意为“向某人求助”Eg: You can ask the police for help if you get lost.拓展：ask sb.for sth.向某人要某物Eg: Dont always ask your parents for money if unnecessary.【例题】1.-How do you study Chinese so well as a foreigner? - reading plenty of poems. A. To B. Of C. At D. By 2.根据汉语意思翻译句子。 如果你处于危险当，最好向警察求助。 If you are , youd better the policeman help immediately. 2. Do you ever practice conversations with friends?你曾经和朋友练习过对话吗？practice v. 意为“练习，实践”，其后要跟名词、代词和动名词作宾语Eg:Practicing speaking English every morning is good way to learn spoken English well.【谚语】Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。ever的相关用法总结A. ever用于否定句时，意为“在任何时候，从来” eg：I hardly ever shopped in walmart.B.用于肯定句时，意为“总是，不断地”，相当于always.Eg:David, ever the optimist, agreed to try it again.C.用于条件句时，意为“在任何时候”Eg:If you ever come to Chengdu, please call me and I will treat you.D.与比较级或最高级连用时，意为“曾经，以往任何时候”Eg:He was happier than ever after he was admitted to New York University.【例题】1.I spent almost my spare time handwriting last week. A.to practice B.practiced C.on practicing D. Practicing 2.-What do you think of the film Lost in Thailand -To be honest, it is funnest movie I have seen. A.never B.ago C.ever D.before3. Its too hard to understand the voice. 听懂那些话太难了。 句式学习：it为形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的动词不定式： to understand the voice.在英语的表达中，有时候为了避免头重脚轻，用it来代替主语，而将句子真正的主语放在后面。Eg:Almost every one is complaining hat it is most difficult to buy a house in a big city. It is easy to learn English well if you put your heart in to it.too.to.意为“太.而不能.”，为否定结构。too+adj/adv的原级；to+do, to是不定符号。Eg:He is too unexperienced to manage the company. He is too young to go to school.【拓展】可以与too.to.结构互换的结构：A.so.that.(如此.以至于.)Eg:The man was too short to reach the button on the top.=The man was so short that he couldnt reach the button on the top. B.not.enough to.(不够.）Eg:The girl is too young to look after herself.=The girl is not old enough to look herself.【例题】1.I often laugh when I see my grandma learning pop songs. But she says, “One is never old to learn, and I never give up.” A.too B.so C.very D.quite 2.句型转换 His schoolbag is so heavy that he cant carry it. His schoolbag is heavy him carry.4. Sometimes, however, he finds watching movies frustrating because the people speak too quickly.然而有时候，他发现看电影很令人沮丧，因为在电影里面，人们说话速度太快了。however，用作副词，意为“然而，可是，不过”，多用在句首和句末，并用逗号与前后隔开。 Eg:However, they did not seem to have much effect. He admitted that he made a big mistake, however.句式分析：find+宾语+宾补， 是复合宾语的用法，意为“发现某人/某物处于某种状态。句中watching movies是finds的宾语，frustrating是宾补。Eg:I find English very interesting. I found him working on the farm nearby.辨析A.frustrating, frustrated与frustrate B.sometimes,sometime,some time, some times.frustrating adj.意为“令人沮丧的”，含有主动意义，主语一般是事情或物。Eg:It is frustrating to have to be made to wait so long.frustrated adj.意为“感到沮丧的”，含有被动意义，主语一般是人。Eg:They often feel frustrated when they face failure.frustrate vt.意为“使沮丧”，后接宾语。Eg:The bad weather frustrated him.sometimes:有时候，用于一般时态。 eg:Sometimes, I like writing poems.sometime:某个时候,用于过去时或将来时。Eg:I believe I will succeed sometime.some time:一段时间。Eg：I will go to Shanghai on business for some timesome times:几倍，几次，time表示次数。 Eg: Mr. Green has been to the United States some times.【过手练习】1.The news that we will have a field trip this afternoon makes everyone . A.excited B.frightened C.happily D.frustrating 2.At first, he was very self-confident, but he just only found so tough to finish the work all by himself at last. A.that B.this C.it D.one5. We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese.我们会因为某件事在而兴奋起来，然后往往以说汉语而告终。get exited about sth.“因.而激动（兴奋）。Eg：All the visitors got exited about the beautiful landscape in Guilin, Guangxi province.拓展：get+adj./done(p.p):意为“变得.Eg:Autumn comes and the leaves on the trees are getting yellow.end up意为“结束”，后跟名词或动名词形式。Eg：He ended his speech by making a goo wish.They ended up their holiday ahead of time because the terrible weather.【拓展】end up with/doing sth.表示“以.某事/做某事而结束/告终。其反义短语为：start with/begin with.Eg:The English party began with an beautiful song and ended up with a well-known piano music. We did not like it at first, but we ended up cheering.【例题】1.In the morning, they wen to the beach with great fun, but they in the afternoon A.end up with frustration B.end up with happiness C.begin with frustration 2.Your clothes are not suitable for the ball, please hurry to go and . A.exchange B.get changing C.ge changed D.get dressed【课堂小练习】1、 根据句意，用所给的单词的适当形式填空。1. We should practice (speak) English aloud and often.2. -What do you think of English grammar? -Oh, its too (bore).3. -How do you like the (pronounce) of Mr. Yang?4. -How do you study Mathematics(数学） so well？What s your secret? -By (practice) and (make) notes of what the teacher says.5. At first, they hated each other, but they ended up (get) along well with each other.2、 单项选择1. All of us find necessary to take exercise every day. A.this B.that C.them D.it2. “ did you ge there?” “By a taxi.” A.How;taking B.How; take C.How; took D.What; taking3. Be quiet! Don not make so . The baby is sleeping. A.much noise B. many noises C.too sounds D.litter voice 4. We think more vegetables good for our health. A.eating;are B.eating;is C.eat; are D.eat;is5. -Do you usually have lunch at school? -Yes, but I have lunch at home. A.sometime B.sometime C. sometimes D.some timeSection B语言知识精讲1. I make mistakes in grammer. 我犯了语法错误 make a mistake/make mistakes 犯错误在某方面犯错误用介词in e.g make mistakes in spelling例题1. I a mistake. Please dont be angry with meA. make B.made C.will D had made2. I dont have a partner to practice English with 我没有伙伴练习英语不定式作定语修饰前面的名词partner，不定式作定语，与修饰的名词之间有逻辑的动宾关系时，动词应用及物动词，如动词时不及物动词，则应在动词后加上适当的介词e.g I have no pen to write with He had no house to live in例题 I am busy this afternoon. I will have a lecture A to listen B.to listen to C. listening D listening to 3. I was also afraid to speak in class而且我也害怕在班上讲话 be afraid to do sth 害怕做什么 e.g Are you afraid to stay at home alone? be afraid of doing sth 害怕做什么 be afraid of sth 害怕某事 e.g Nobody isnt afraid of death拓展 Im afraid so 恐怕如此 Im afraid not 恐怕不是这样的辨析 say，tell,talk, speak say vt.着重说话的内容 say sthPlease say it in English tell vt.其后长接双宾语 -tell sb sth 告诉某人某事 Tell sb (not) to do sth 告诉某人不/要去做某事She is telling the children a story talk vi. 常用短语 talk with/to She is talking with John on the phone她和约翰正在打电话speak vt. speak+语言 speech n. 演讲 make/give a speech 做演讲例题 1.Will you please us a story？ Ok, Shall I it in English or in Chinese?A.tell, speak B. talk,speak C.tell, say Dtalk, say2. Do you think it will be cool tomorrow? .It has been too hot for a week.A.So it is B Im afaid so C.I hope so D Of course not3. The radio that there will be another heavy rain in Guangzhou Too bad.It has rained for the whole weekA.tell B.talks C.says Dspeaks4. She had trouble making complete sentences 她遇到了麻烦，不会造完整的句子have trouble/difficulty/a hard time (in) doing sth 做.有困难Do you have any trouble in talking to foreigners?例题 How is every going, Ms Lee? Very well. But I still have some trouble in the South.A live B to live C living D. lived5.Can you think of any problems you have had recently?你能想想最近有的问题吗？recently“最近”常常与完成时连用I have recently begun to learn Japanese.think of=think up=come up with 相出，想到Think up/come up with a good idea例题With the roads well built, no accident have happened A specially B recently C nearly D almost6. How do we deal with our problems?我们如何处理我们的问题呢？deal with=do with 应付，处理How.deal with?What.do with? E.g What do you do with the camera? 你怎么处理这个相机？例题How do you think I should with this problem?A do B deal C fight D carry7.Times goes by, and good friendships may be lost 随着时间的流逝，好的友谊可能也会失去go by 从旁边经过，经过旁边，（时间）过去Time goes by so slowly when you are waiting for the train.maybe 可能，也许 一般位于句首 may be 可能 位于句中Maybe he is at home. = He may be at home. 例题 1. Lily an English teacher. Lily可能是一名英语老师。=_2. I had a long chat with her when I her house this morning.A went by B went through C went after D went down8.By regarding problems as challenges 把问题看作挑战regard.as 把看作 同义短语：treatas/consideras/look onasWe regard our teahers as our good friends例题1.Jim thinks John is his best friend(同义句转换)Jim John his best friend2.Mr. Li regards Ningxia his second home because he has been here for over twenty yearsA for B with C as D to 单元语法总结 How do you study for a test? -By working with a groupHow 引导的特殊疑问句.how often “多久一次”，是对动作的频率进行提问。其回答通常有： 频率副词： always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never 次数时间段: 如：once or twice a week every 时间段: every day (每天) 区别：everyday（每天的；日常的）注意：表示“一次或两次”时，一般用once和twice表示。如：once a month(一个月一次)而表示“三次或以上”时，则用“数词times”结构。如：five times a year (一年五次)由how构成的疑问词组的用法（1）how many+ 可数名词复数 如：how many programs how much+不可数名词。 如：how much coffee 但how much=whats the price of.? 还有“多少钱”的意思 如：How much are those pants?(2)how many times: “多少次”. 其答语表示次数。如：once ,twice，three times等(3)how old.? 询问年龄 如：How old are you? I am five.(4)how long?多久(时间) 常用 for two days，for three hours等回答。 多长（某物的长度） 如：-How long is the river? - 10 kms. (5)how soon 用来询问过多久，多久以后，其答语是in two hours，in three days等。 如：How soon wil he come back？ In an hour。例题1. do you study for a test?I study by working with a group？A where B How C