初三英语上册第三单元知识点总结.doc

学霸教育 为你而忧地址：和九路4栋2单元5层左侧Unit3一、知识点英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态主动语态表示是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 Cats eat fish. （主动语态）猫吃鱼。 Fish is eaten by cats.(被动语态)鱼被猫吃。 被动语态的构成：由“be 及物动词的过去分词”构成时态被动语态结构例句一般现在时am are +过去分词is English is spoken in many countries.一般过去时was +过去分词were + 过去分词This bridge was built in 1989.情态动词can/shouldmay +be+过去分词must/The work must be done right now.2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（主动语态） allow doing sth 允许做某事 eg: Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态）如： eg:LiLy is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞get /have +sth.+ done(过去分词) 让/使（别人）做某事eg:I get my car repaired. = I have my car repaired. 我让别人修好我的车4. 形容词enough 如：beautiful enough足够漂亮 enough名词 如：enough food 足够食物 enough to 足够去做如：She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。5. stop doing sth. 停止做某事Please stop speaking.请停止说话。stop to do sth. 停止下来去做某事Please stop to speak. 请停下来说话。6.倒装句: 由so/neither助动词主语“也/也不一样”（用于不同主语） so + 主语+助动词 “的确如此” （用于同一主语）eg:She is a student. So am I.她是一个学生，我也是。 She went to school just now. So did I . 她刚才去学校了，我也是Tom cant swim. Neither can John.He is a clever boy, so he is.他的确如此7. go shopping(去购物), go fishing(去钓鱼)go swimming(去游泳), go boating(去划船)go hiking(去登山), go trekking(去徒步)8 .be strict with+人. “对某人要求严格” be strict in+事物. “对某事要求严格”例: The head teacher is strict with his students He is strict in the work.9. agree 同意 反义词 disagree不同意 动词 agreement 同意反义词 disagreement 不同意名词10. keep sb/ sth. 形容词使某人/某物保持. keep sb doing 让某人一直做某事如：We should keep our city clean.我们应该保持我们的城市干净。Dont keep me waiting for a long time.别让我等得太久。11. bothand“既。又。”“都。”动词用复数形式如： Both Jim and Li Ming play bastketball.Neither Jim nor Li Ming plays basketball.（就近原则）12. learn (sth.) from sb. 向谁学习(什么) 如： Jim learnt English from his English teacher. 吉姆向他的英语老师学习英语13. have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事 have a chance of doing sth. 有机会做某事 如：I have an opportunity to go to Beijing. I have a chance of going to Beijing.14. 花费 take ,cost, spend , pay It take (sb.) time to do sth. It took (me) 10days to read the book. sth. cost (sb.) The book cost (me) 100yuan. sb. spend on sth. She spent 10days on this book. sb. spend doing sth. She spent 10days reading this book.sb. pay for sth. She paid 10yuan for this book.15. have +时间段+off 放假，休息=take+时间+off 如：have 2 days offI think Ill take the afternoon off. 我想下午歇班.16. agree with sth. 同意某事 如：I agree with that idea. agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 如：I agree to LiLei.17.（1） get in the way of 碍事，妨碍 如： （2）in this way以这种方式Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。18. success n. succeed v. successful adj. successfully adv. succeed in doing sth.成功完成某事19. 对 热衷， 对兴趣be serious about doing 如：She is serious about dancing. 她对跳舞热衷。20. also 也 用于句中 either也 用于否定句且用于句末 too=as well 也 用于肯定句且用于句末 I am also a student. 我也是一个学生 I am a student too. 我也是一个学生。I am not a student either. 我也不是一个学生。21.concentrate on 全神贯注做例: This company concentrates on China market. 这家公司把重点放在中国市场上.22. morethan与其说不如说; 比更例: The man is more stupid than nervous.与其说那人紧张,倒不如说他愚蠢.23.volunteer n. 自愿者. v. volunteer to do sth. 自愿做例: We all volunteered to help in the old peoples home.我们都志愿到敬老院帮忙. 24. only+状语位于句首时,全句需要倒装.例: Only then did he understand it. 只有到那时,他才明白.Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有这样我们才能把英语学好.二、短语1. be allowed to do sth 被允许干 allow sb to do sth 允许某人干 allow doing sth 允许干2. sixteen-year-olds = sixteen-year-old boys and girls 16岁的孩子3. part-time jobs 兼职工作 4. a drivers license 驾照5. on weekends 在周末 6. at that age 在那个年龄段7. on school nights 在上学期间的每个晚上 8. stay up 熬夜 9. clean up (相当与及物动词) 清扫 10. fail (in) a test 考试不及格 11. take the test 参加考试 12. the other day 前几天=a few days ago 13. all my classmates 我所有的同学 14. concentrate on 全神贯注于 15. be good for 对有益 16. in groups 成群的,按组的 17. get noisy 吵闹(系表结构) 18. learn from 向某人学习 19. at present 目前,现在 20. have an opportunity to do sth 有做的机会 21.English-English dictionary 英英词典 22. at least 至少 23.eight hours sleep a night 每晚8小时的睡眠 24. an old peoples home 敬老院 25. take time to do sth 花费时间干 26. reply to 回答,答复 27. get in the way of 妨碍 28. a professional athlete 职业运动员 29. achieve ones dreams 实现梦想30. think about 思考,考虑 ； think of想，认为31. in the end 最后,终于 32. be serious about 对热忠/极感兴趣33. spendon + n. spend (in) + v-ing 在上花费时间/金钱34. care about 关心,担心,在乎 三.句子1. I dont think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced. 我认为不应该允许12岁的孩子穿耳孔.2.They talk instead of doing homework. 他们聊天而不是做作业.3.He is allowed to stay up until 11:00 pm. 允许他们熬到晚上11点.4.We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often.我们应该被允许更加经常的花些时间多做这类事情.5.What school rules do you think should be changed? 你认为学校的哪些制度应该改一改了?6.The two pairs of jeans both look good on me. 这两条牛仔裤穿在我身上都适合.7.The classroom is a real mess. 教室太脏了.8.Should I be allowed to make my own decisions?9.Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream. 只有这样我才能实现我的梦想.10.They should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much as they want. 应该允许他们对业余爱好想练多长时间就练多长时间.11.We have nothing against running. 我们没有理由反对他跑步.Unit 4一、知识点 1.虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议或是与事实相反的假设等。 If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句，(1)非真实条件句应用虚拟语气。条件从句主 句动词过去式(be动词一律用were)would+动词原形 即：(从句)if +主语+动词过去式(be 动词用were), 一般过去时(主句) 主语+would+动词原形 过去将来时 如：If I had time, I would go for a walk.如果我有时间，我就会去散步。(事实上我现在没有时间) If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不是你)(2)真实条件句（主将从现）eg If he doesnt hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语)2. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 I pretended to sleep just now. pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在干某事 eg: The students pretended to be writing when the teacher came in.3. be late for 迟到 如： I am late for work/ school/ class/ party.4. a few 与 a little 的区别，few 与 little 的区别 a few 一些 修饰可数名词 a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 (两者表肯定意义) 如：He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。 There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。 few 少数的 修饰可数名词 little 少数的修饰不可数名词 (但两者表否定意义) 如：He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。 There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。5. what if + 从句 如果怎么办 ， 要是 又怎么样 如： What if she doesnt come? 要是她不来怎么办？6. add sth. to sth. 添加到 如： I added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到水里。7. help with sth. 如：They help with this problem. help sb. do. sth. 如：They help you study English. 他们帮助你学英语8. ask sb. to do 叫做某事 ask sb. not to do sth.叫不要做某事 tell sb. to do 告诉做某事 tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉不要做某事如：Teacher asked me to clean the classroom. Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom.9. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借来某物 如： I borrowed a book from Lily. 我从莉莉那里借来一本书。10.wait for sb.等某人 如：I am wait for him. 我正在等他。11. introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人 如： I introduced Lily to Anna. 我把莉莉介绍给安娜。12. invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事 如： Lily invited me to go to her home for supper. 莉莉邀请我去她家吃晚饭。13. plenty of 修饰不可数名词，也可以修饰可数名词 许多 如： They have plenty of food/ apples. 他们有许多的食物/苹果。14. 给某人某物 give sth. to sb. 如： give an apple to me give sb. sth. give me an apple 给我一个苹果15. get along (with)=get on (with) 进行，进展The business is getting along very well. 生意进展的很顺利。相处Im getting along very well with my classmates. 我和同学们相处得好。16. would rather than （= would rather than）宁愿，而不愿。前后连接两个动词原形，否定形式为：would rather not do sthwould rather do than do = prefer doing to doingHe would rather jog than play football.=He prefers jogging to playing football. would rather 常单独使用，表示“宁愿做”He would rather watch TV at home.rather than = instead of 而不是（连接两个并列成分，前后对称）。17. have experience doing 在做某事有经验 如： I have experience teaching Chinese. 我在教英语方面有经验。18. hurry to do 匆忙 I hurry to call the police. 19. more than=over 超过20. give sb sth=give sth to sb类似的词还有:pass、lend、show、write、send等buy sb sth=buy sth for sb类似的词还有:make、draw、cook等21.look for寻找 find找到、发现find out指经过观察、探索、调查等弄清楚、弄明白。discover 指发现那些客观存在而不为人所知的实情。如科学上的重大发现。22.bring 带来 take 带走 fetch 去并拿来23.permission (n.) 允许，许可 permit (v.) 允许 without permission 未经许可24.plenty of 充足的，相当多的。修饰可数或不可数名词，只能用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中用 enough.25.notin the slightest=notat all 根本不 He is not happy in the slightest.二、短语1、give it to charity 把它捐给慈善机构 2、medical research 医学研究3、What if 如果怎么样？ 4、get nervous 紧张5、take a big exam 参加大考 6、help with 有助于7、in public 在公共场合 8、hardly ever 几乎不9、the whole school 全校 10、without permission 为经许可11、be(make) friends with 与交朋友 12、ask ones permission 请求的允许13、introduceto 把介绍给 14、inviteto do 邀请干15、social situations 社会环境 16、not in the slightest 根本不，一点也不 17、right away 立刻，马上 18、all day 全天19、be friendly to 对友好 20、at lunch time 在午饭时间 21. in fact事实上 22、English speech contest 英语演讲比赛23、represent the class 代表班级 24、come top 名列第一（前茅）25、let down 使失望 26、come up with 提出、想出27、be sure of + n./pron. be sure to do 相信 be sure +that 从句 28、the rest of the students 其余的学生29、have a lot of experience (in) doing sth 在做某事方面有经验30、deal with 对付，处理 31、come out 出版32、give advice on 在方面提出意见、建议 33、by accident 偶然地，无意之中 34、hurry to do sth 匆匆忙忙干 三、句子1.He doesnt know if he should bring a present. 他不知道是否该带礼物。2.You shouldnt worry about what other people say.你不应该考虑别人说什么。3.What will you do if you had a million dollars? 如果你有一百万美元，你会干什么？4.If I were you, I d take a small present.如果我是你，我会带一个小礼物。5.Im too tired to do well.我太累了，没考好。6.Dogs can be a lot of trouble.狗会带来很多麻烦。7.What are you like? 你是什么样的人？8.Id invite him/her to have dinner at my house.我会邀请他（她）到我家吃饭。9.You enjoy the company of other people.你喜欢别人的陪伴。10. I feel nervous talking in front of many people.我在众人面前讲话时感到紧张。11.She always comes top in the school exams.她在学校的考试中总是名列前茅。12.She doesnt want to let her friends down.她不愿让朋友失望。13.If I were you, Ill get out of here.如果我是你，我会离开这里。 Unit 5一、知识点：1.情态动词must, may , might, could, may , cant+V原形，表示推测含义 must 一定 肯定 (100%的可能性) may, might, could有可能，也许 (20%80%的可能性) cant 不可能，不会 (可能性几乎为零) The dictionary must be mine. It has my name on it. The hair band cant be Bobs. After all, he is boy!2. whose 谁的疑问词作定语后面接名词如：Whose book is this? This is Lilys.3. if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时如：If you dont hurry up, youll be late.如果你不快点，你将会迟到4. (1)try to do sth. 尝试做某事eg:I try to climb the tree. 我尝试爬树。 (2). try ones best to do sth. 尽某人的最大努力去做某事如：He tried his best to run. 他尽他的最大努力去跑。5. because of + 名词/代词/名词性短语 because +从句eg:I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。 I had to move because of my job. 因为工作的原因我得搬家。！6. anything strange 一些奇怪的东西当形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时，放在这些词的后面7. （1）there be sb./ sth. doing “有。在进行” eg：There is a cat eating fish.(2)There must be一定有eg: There must be something visiting our home.8. an ocean of + 名词极多的，用不尽的如：an ocean of energy.9. attempt to do 试图如：The boys attempted to leave for Beijing. 男孩子们试图想去北京。10. look for 寻找指过程 find 找指结果如：I am looking for a pen. 我正在找一支笔。（指找的过程）I found my pen just now. 我刚刚找到了我的笔。（指找的结果）11. hear 听指听的结果 listen 听 指听的过程如：Did you hear ? 你听到了吗？（指听的结果，听或没听到）I often listen to the music. 我经常听音乐。（指听的过程）12. 名词所有格名词所有格的构成有两种形式是在名词后面加 s 或是以s结尾 的名词，只在名词的后面加 如：Anns book安的书, our teachers office我们老师们的办公室 注：(1)双方共有的所有格，只在后面一个名词加s,如：Lily and Lucys father 莉莉和露西的爸爸（她们的爸爸是同一个人） (2)2者分别所有，分别加s Annas and Toms books有of 介词短语表示无生命东西的所有格如： a picture of my family 我家人的相片 31、happen指偶然的发生；take place用于计划好的事情或自然的发生；（二者无被动语态）happen to do sth碰巧干某事. happen to sb.某人发生了什么事13、raise reiz 及物动词 举起、提高 ；募捐 用外力升起，如升旗rise（不及物动词）上升。自然升起，如价格上涨，日出等。 eg:Raise the money for charity. Raise the Five-red-star flag14、hope to do sth；hope that从句。 wish to do sth；wish sb to do sth；wish that从句。15、现在完成时态由have/ has 过去分词表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, just , yet , ever, never 连用Have you finished your work yet？你完成了你的工作了吗？Yes, I have. / No, I havent.是的。我刚刚完成了。表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作（for + 时间段，since + 时间点，或过去某一动作， 以及how long ）注： 非延续性动词在现在完成 时态中不能和for, since 引导的表示一段时间的状语的肯定句连用。应转为相应的延续性动词 如：buy- have die- be dead join - be in borrow- keep leave- be away I have bought a pen.- I have had a pen for 2 weeks.The dog has died.- The dog has been dead