博大考神2012年职称英语考试卫生类A级试题及参考答案.doc

博大考神2012年职称英语考试卫生类A级试题及参考答案收集：博大教育专家 来源：/article-5950.html?page=4第三篇Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like OthersLow-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others, pointed out John Hayes, assistant professor of food science, who was lead investigator on the study.Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.Most of us like the taste of salt. However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food.” said Hayes. Supertasters, people who experience tastes more intensely, consume more salt than do nontasters. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more.”However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted. For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt, he said. A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced.Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.Some people, called supertasters, describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter, while others, called nontasters, find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter. he said. Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting is not limited to bitterness.”41. John Hayes points out in a recent study thatA. it is healthy to eat food without salt.B. many people reject low-salt food completely.C. food with less salt tastes better.D. many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantly.【答案】：D42. The fourth paragraph describes brieflyA. the purpose of the study.B. the analysis of the research results.C. the research methodology.D. the conclusion of the study.【答案】：C43. The article argues that supertastersA. like snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavor.B. like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.C. consume less salt because they dont like intensive tastes.D. like to share salty cheese with nontasters.【答案】：A44. In paragraph 6, the word pronounced is closest in meaning toA. weary.B. strong.C. weak.D. strange.【答案】：B45. The last two paragraphs illustrate that taste acuity isA. developed over time after birth.B. related to ones eye and hair color.C. still unknown to scientists.D. genetically determined.【答案】：D第5部分：补全短文(第4650题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。The Mysteries of NazcaIn the desert of Peru, 300 kilometers from Lima, one of the most unusual artworks in the world has mystified (迷惑) people for decades. (46) But from high above, these marks are huge images of birds, fish, seashells, all beautifully carved into the earth.The Nazca lines are so difficult to see from the ground that they werent discovered until the 1930s, when pilots spotted them while flying over the area. In all, there are about 70 different human and animal figures on the plain, along with 900 triangles, circles, and lines.Researchers have figured out that the lines are at least 1,500 years old, but their purpose is still a mystery. (47) However, it would probably be very tricky to land a spaceship in the middle of pictures of dogs and monkeys.In the 1940s, an American explorer named Paul Kosok suggested that the drawings are a chronicle (记录) of the movement of the stars and planets. (48) later, an astronomer tested his theory with a computer, but he couldnt find any relation between the lines and movements in space.Another explanation is that the lines may have been made for religious reasons. British researcher Tony Morrison investigated the customs of people in the Andes Mountain and learned that they sometimes pray by the side of the road. Its possible that in the past, the lines of Nazca were created for a similar purpose. (49) But the local people have never constructed anything this big.Recently, two other scientists, David Johnson and Steve Mabee, have speculated that lines could have been related to water. Nazca is one of the driest places in the world and receives only 2cm of rain every year. While Johnson was searching for ancient water sources in the area, he noticed that some waterways built ancient people were connected with the lines. Johnson believes that the Nazca lines are a giant map of the underground water in the area. (50)A. Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this.B. A Swiss writer named Erich Von Daniken wrote that the Nazca lines were designed as a landing place for UFOs.C. Scholars differ in interpreting the purpose of the designs.D. The largest pictures may have been the sites for special ceremonies.E. Seen from the ground, it looks like lines scratched into the earth.F. He called Nazca “the largest astronomy book in the world”.46题【答案】：E47题【答案】：B48题【答案】：F49题【答案】：D50题【答案】：A第6部分：完形填空(第5265题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。DreamsEveryone can dream. Indeed, everyone does dream. Those who _ (51) that they never dream at all actually dream _ (52) as frequently as the rest of us, _ (53) they may not remember anything about it. Even those of us who are perfectly _ (54) of dreaming night after night very seldom remember those dreams in _ (55) detail but merely retain an untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated _ (56)(变化). Dreams are not simply visual -we dream with all our _ (57), so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and taste.One of the worlds oldest _ (58) written documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams. This volume is about five thousand years old, so you can see _ (59) (变化)dreams were believed to have a special significance even then. Many ancient civilizations believed that you _ (60) never wake a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to return _ (61) time if the sleeper were suddenly awoken.From ancient times to the present _ (62), people have been making attempts to interpret dreams and to _(63)(变化)their significance. There are many books available on the _(64)(变化)of dream interpretation, although unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dream _ (65) there are books.51. A. demand B. promise . C. agree D. claim【答案