lesson 15 Good news.doc

Thesecretary1told me that Mr Harmsworth would see me. I felt very nervous when I went into his office. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. He told me that thefirm2could not afford to pay such largesalaries3. Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come.Mr Harmsworth, I said in a weak voice.Dontinterrupt4, he Said. Then he smiled and told me I would receive anextra5&1000 a year!New words andexpressions6生词和短语secretary n. 秘书nervous adj. 精神紧张的afford v. 负担得起weak adj. 弱的interrupt v. 插话，打断参考译文秘书告诉我说哈姆斯沃斯先生要见我。我走进他的办公室，感到非常紧张。我进去的时候，他连头也没抬。待我坐下后，他说生意非常不景气。他还告诉我，公司支付不起这么庞大的工资开支，有20个人已经离去。我知道这次该轮到我了。“哈姆斯沃斯先生，”我无力地说。“不要打断我的话，”他说。然后他微笑了一下告诉我说，我每年将得到1,000 英镑的额外收入。新概念英语正版图书购买自学导读1The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. 秘书告诉我说哈姆斯沃斯先生要见我。would 在这里不是表示单纯的过去将来时，而是表示“想”、“要”的意思：What would you like to have?你想要吃（喝）什么？John wouldnt lend me his bicycle.约翰不愿意把他的自行车借给我。2He did not look up from his desk when I entered. 我进去的时候，他连头也没抬。在这句话的look up中，look是它的本义“看”、“瞧”。look up一般表示原先在埋头干什么之后抬头看：He looked up(from his book)when he heard a noise.他听到声音后就抬起了头。（原先在读书）3I knew that my turn had come. 我知道这次该轮到我了。turn在这里是名词，意为“轮流”、“轮班”、“（依次轮流时各自的）一次机会”：I have already asked two questions. Now its your turn.我已经问了两个问题。该轮到你了。When his turn came, he couldnt speak any word.轮到他时，他却一个字也说不出来。4Mr. Harmsworth,I said in a weak voice.“哈姆斯沃斯先生，”我无力地说。weak在这里不是指身体虚弱，而是指声音“微弱”、“无力”，因为怕被开除而感到紧张。5Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!然后他微笑了一下告诉我说，我每年将得到1，000英镑的额外收入。（1）extra 表示“额外的”、“外加的”、“份外的”：On Sundays, I usually get some extra sleep.星期天我通常要多睡一会儿。Last month, he was paid an extra hundred pounds.他上个月多得了100英镑。（2）a在这里可译为“每一”：I went to London once a month.我每月去一次伦敦。Jack7telephoned Pauline four times a day.杰克每天给波琳打4次电话。语法 Grammar in use间接引语（Indirect speech）把某人所说的话告诉另外一个人时，应该使用间接引语（有的语法书称之为“转述引语”）。引述动词（如say，tell）可能是现在时，也可能是过去时（最常用）。间接陈述句的时态往往受引述动词的影响。引述陈述句时最常用的动词是say和tell。它们之间的区别是tell后面必须跟表示人称的间接宾语（tell sb.），而say后面则可跟或不跟to +讲话对象。如果需要提到听话者，tell +间接宾语通常比say + to +sb. 更常用。在say和tell后面一般不可加逗号。如果间接引语中的引述动词是现在时，那么其后的时态通常与原来口头陈述句的时态相同。转述刚刚说完的话时通常如此；引述动词如果是过去时，那么间接引语中的时态通常要“往回移”（即“倒移”）。一条普遍的规则是“现在时变为过去时，过去时变为过去完成时”。直接引语：I can see him now!“我现在可以见他！”词汇学习 Word study1nervous adj.（1）神经质的，神经紧张的：She is a nervous woman. Do you see that nervous smile on her face?她是个神经质的女人。你看见她脸上那种神经质的微笑了吗？（2）紧张的，担心的，情绪不安的：I feel very nervous before exams.我在考试前感到非常紧张。He had never spoken in public, so he was very nervous.他从未当众讲过话，因此他非常紧张。（3）与nervous容易混淆的另一个词是irritable8（易怒的，急躁的）：Our teacher is an irritable old lady. She gets angry easily.我们的老师是位脾气急躁的老太太。她很容易生气。2afford vt.（1）买得起（常与can连用）：We can/cant afford a car this year.我们今年买得起/买不起小汽车。（2）担负得起（损失、后果等），花得起（时间）（常与can连用）：I cant afford to be ill again.我不能再病了。I can only afford one week for the trip.我只能为这次旅行抽出一周的时间。（3）提供，给予：Joe afforded us a room for the night.那天晚上乔为我们提供了一个房间过夜。练习答案 Key to written exercises1关键句型练习答案A 1a The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me.bMr. Harmsworth will see you. 2 a Mr. Harmsworth said that business was very bad.b Business is very bad.3 a Mr. Harmsworth told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.b The firm cannot afford to pay such large salaries. B 1 told would come/would be coming2 said(had) cut3 told had never played4 did he sayhad done/would do5 did he tell(had) bought/would buy6 saidcould not7 said(had) worked8 toldwrote/writes/had never written9 did you saywere/had been10 saidwould wait2难点练习答案1 study 2 office 3 nervous 4 afford 5 irritable3多项选择题答案1d 2b 3c 4b 5c 6d7a 8d 9c 10c 11c 12b【New words and expressions】 生词和短语secretaryn. 秘书historysecretnervousadj. 精神紧张的be nervousworried：为以后的事情担心upset:不安的affordv. 负担得起afford sth.I can afford the hoilday.有时间去afford money/timeafford to do sth.I can afford five yuan./I can afford the book./I can afford to buy the book.weakadj. 弱的interruptv. 插话，打断(n.)interruptiondisturb9：打扰某人interrupt：打断某人的话Sorry to.课文讲解】look downupon10/on sb：瞧不起某人I look down upon my sister.I look down 往地上看The firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.collectsalary11领薪水pay salary 支付薪水so的后面加形容词或副词such的后面加名词，容许在该名词前面加修饰词所有的间接引语都是宾语从句My turn has come.It is my turn.轮到我了in a . voicein a loud(大声)/low (低声)weak(心里不踏实)strong(理直气壮) voicea yearan extra thousand再有多少：数量extra名词two otherstwo more/once moreanother three daysKey structures】间接引语一、主从一致：主句和从句的时态一致1.主句的动词为一般现在时，从句为任意时态2.主句的动词为一般过去时，从句为相对应的过去时态（过去时：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时）一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时过去将来完成时一般过去时过去完成时二、人称变化主要是第一和第二人称变化，设身处地三、只要属于宾语从句，引导词that考研省略Exercises B后面有人用tell,否则用say1.told; would come2.said; had cut3.told; had never had4.did;say; had done/would do/did5.did;tell; had bought6.said; couldnt7.said; had worked8.told; had never written9.did;say; were busy10. said; would wait先根据原句填时态，再把这句话放到整篇文章中检验【Special difficulties】office：办公室study：书房desk：课桌exercises1.study2.office3.nervous4.afford5.irritable【Multipe choice】6.d.（书面语）my turn has come,(口语)it is my turn轮到谁：whose turn (is it)?who is next?10.c.Its your turn.Youre next.12.extra,other,more,another最灵活的是more,two more eggs,once moremore可以放数词和名词之间，甚至可以放在整个名词的后面extra和other一定放在数词和名词之间，another一定放在数词前面over sth：超过（多余）什么东西，over three yearsup：往上，climb up【Grammar】一般过去进行时：跟过去的一个时间或动作同时发生间接引语如果是现在进行时在直接引语当中变成间接引语，极有可能选用过去完成时1.My brother_while he_his bicycle and hurt himself.A.fell/was riding B.feel/was ridingC.had fallen/rode D.had fallen/was ridingfell(跌下来）,ride（骑自行车）2.He_his leg as he_in a football match.A.broke/playedB.was breaking/was playingC.broke/was playing D.was breaking/playedbreak ones legC3.My father will be here tomorrow.I thought that he_today.A.was coming B.is comingC.will comeD.comesAbe coming表示将要go/come/leave/arrive的过去进行时态很有可能表达过去将来时态的含义跟go/come/leave/arrive相连的词一定会用进行时态表示将来时态4.Jack was going out of the shop when hecollided13with an old womanwho_A.come B.was comingC.had been comingD.had comecollide12：相撞，是相对概念5.Mike couldnt come to the telephone when Mr.Smith called her becauseshe_C_in the lab.A.had been working B.has been workingC.was workingD.worked点击收听单词发音1secretaryn.秘书，部长，大臣，书记参考例句： I want to check with my secretary before I sign the papers.在签署这些文件前，我要与我的秘书商议。 She rang the bell for her secretary.她按铃叫她的秘书。2firmn.公司，商号；adj.坚定的，坚强的，牢固的，结实的，坚硬的，坚挺的，严格的参考例句： He has stepped up into the management of the firm.他已升入公司的管理部门。 She is a firm believer in Chinese traditional medicine.她是中药坚定的拥护者。3salariesn.薪水( salary的名词复数 )参考例句： How can they justify paying such huge salaries? 他们怎能证明付这么大笔薪金是正当的呢？ Demand for topquality programmers exceeds supply, leading to extortionate salaries. 对优秀程序员的需求远远超过了供给，致使工资畸高。 来自简明英汉词典4interruptvt./vi.打断；中断；插嘴参考例句： It is not polite to interrupt when someone is talking.在别人讲话时插嘴是不礼貌的。 Youd better not interrupt him.He is sleeping.你最好别打扰他，他在睡觉。5extraadj.额外的，外加的；特大的参考例句： We do not ask for extra pay.我们不要求额外报酬。 You have to pay extra for breakfast.早餐你要另外付费。6expressionsn.表情( expression的名词复数 )；表示；（数学）表达式；词参考例句： ritualized expressions of grief 以例行的方式表达悲伤 The fashionable remarks of today often become the commonplace expressions of tomorrow. 今天的时髦话往往变成明天的陈词滥调。 来自简明英汉词典7jackn.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克参考例句： I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。 He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。8irritableadj.急躁的；过敏的；易怒的参考例句： He gets irritable when hes got toothache.他牙一疼就很