2010年佳鑫诺英语专业专接本阅读理解讲解部分.doc

报名地址：河北师大东区客房413室 电话：0311-866939792010年佳鑫诺英语专业专接本阅读理解专项辅导一在阅读训练中值得思考的几个问题：1. 阅读材料中的主要文体有几种，写作特点、目的、出题点各是什么？2. 影响阅读水平提高的因素？词汇量，语法，逻辑，知识面3.我自己的主要问题在哪里？二本次强化训练的材料：1.2008/2009年的专接本专业考试试题2.阅读理解补充材料 记叙文举例：About nine oclock one evening in November, my roommate Li Ming was lying in bed, trembling with cold and having a cough. His head was aching so intensely that he kept groaning. His forehead felt very hot. We took his temperature. It was 38.5.Without hesitation, I dialed “120”. It wasnt long before an ambulance arrived. One roommate brought a blanket for him. Another supported him in the ambulance. Our teacher insisted on giving him some money.Is he a suspect H1N1 patient? Who can tell? But we didnt retreat. When the savage H1N1 was spreading, people showed fearless spirit regardless of dangers to their own health. This kind of care between persons is the very kind giving, unselfish and priceless devotion or sacrifice. And it is just because of this care that we can have warm families, a happy life and a beautiful world.说明文举例：It is widely accepted that China is a country faced with severe water shortages. Insufficient water resources have slowed agricultural development. And to make matters worse, some of the traditional Chinese irrigation methods have wasted an astonishing amount of water. In China today, the utilization efficiency of farming water is about 30 to 40 per cent. This figure stands in sharp contrast to developed countrys utilization average of 70-80 per cent. The low utilization efficiency has resulted from the adoption of some traditional Chinese irrigation methods. Only by using modern irrigation methods can we reduce water shortage in agriculture. One of the advantages of modern irrigation methods is that they alone can save 20-30 per cent of the present volume of wasted irrigation water. 议论文举例：In a study of reading habits of Leeville citizens conducted by the University of Leeville, most respondents said they preferred literary classics as reading material. However, a follow-up study conducted by the same researchers found that the type of book most frequently checked out of each of the public libraries in Leeville was the mystery novel. Therefore, it can be concluded that the respondents in the first study had misrepresented their reading habits.第一组阅读理解试题Text ANormally it takes years for the US Food and Drug Administration ( FDA) to approve a drug for general use. But, as FDA Commissioner Frank Young put it, the epidemic of AIDS is extraordinary, and it must be met with extraordinary measures. Last week the FDA announced that it would allow wide distribution of a promising new drug that blocks the AIDS virus from multiplying - at the same time that trials are being conducted to see whether the drug actually works. Dideoxyinosine (ddI) will be given experimentally to 2,600 people with AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC) in formal clinical trials, and it will be provided, free of charge, to the thousands of patients who are unable to tolerate AZT, the only FDA-approved anti-AIDS drug. AIDS activists hailed the agencys decision, saying that it will get the drug to patients who might otherwise die before trials are completed. This is a good start, one that weve been working toward for a very long time, said Mark Harrington of the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power. So far, in early tests with only a few patients, ddI appears to be as effective as AZT - but with fewer side effects. For some, the drug causes painful nerve damage in the feet and, less often, swelling in the pancreas; the symptoms disappear when the patient stops taking the drug. There could be other unknown side effects, as well. But how powerful ddI will ultimately prove to be against the AIDS virus can only be determined through the upcoming larger trial. U.S. Health officials warned AIDS sufferers not to overinterpret the FDAs move as an endorsement of ddI. We dont know whether ddI is the same, better or worse than AZT, and it would be foolish for people to conclude we know the answer before weve done the studies, said Dr. Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute and a co-developer of ddI. Others worry that the decision might make difficult in the future to recruit volunteers for clinical testing of ddI, since subjects of formal tests risk receiving a placebo. Those questions will, of course, be resolved in time - a commodity that people with AIDS dont have. 1. ddI is _.A)a new anti-AIDS drug that is better than AZTB)a new drug that may prove to be effective in treating AIDSC)the only FDA-approved anti-AIDS drugD)one of the two anti-AIDS drugs approved by the FDA 2. The recent move by the FDA is extraordinary in that _.A)it allows wide distribution of a new drug before it is actually proved effectiveB)it provides ddI, free of charge, to all AIDS patientsC)it has approved a new drug without doing the necessary studiesD)it has approved a new drug without considering its side effects 3. The FDAs decision is welcomed by AIDS activists because _.A)ddI has no unknown side effectsB)ddI has fewer side effects than AZTC)patients who might die without ddI now have access to the drugD)it will no longer take long for the FDA to approve new drugs 4. The word commodity in this context means _.A)goods B)drugC)placeboD)time 5. This passage is intended to _.A)advertise a new drugB)welcome the quick action of the FDAC)report a piece of medical newsD)make a comparison between two anti-AIDS drugs Text BFor years, kids have relied on video games to relieve boredom and, sometimes, to experience - vicariously, of course - the thrill of high-speed travel. Yet because the game machines are designed primarily to entertain, they do not recreate the physical and psychological sensations that come with real motion. Now comes a machine that does. An English company, Super X Ltd. Of Bournemouth, has invented a recreational simulator (模拟装置) that it claims is unmatched when it comes to duplicating the sights, sounds, and thrills associated with adventurous activities. The simulator, called Prokon, is a 16-foot-long and 6-foot-wide capsule that holds up to 14 people. The passengers sit inside the machine and watch a fast-paced, three-to-five-minute movie on a large screen. The film simulates any one of 20 breathtaking experiences - among them, riding in a race car, helicopter or spaceship, skiing or white-water rafting. High-quality speakers broadcast sounds that accompany the activity - engine noise, for example - while a multiaxis hydraulic system, controlled by a computer, moves the capsule in synchronization (同步) with film, creating a sense of rolling, pitching, braking and accelerating. We can also provide the smell of burning tires and a blast of air in the face, says Andy Roberts, sales manager for Super X. The Prokon simulator, which costs $140,000, can be used indoors or outside. It was designed mainly for theme parks (a rapidly expanding market in Britain) and shopping centers. Eighteen units have been sold already in the United Kingdom and abroad. The British government selected the machine to serve as the centerpiece for the British Pavilion at the recently concluded Brisbane (Australia) World Expo. A simulated ride will never substitute for real travel, but for those who want what Roberts calls the thrill of adventure without the risk, it is probably the next best thing. 6. The advantage of Prokon over video games is that _.A)Prokon can re-create the physical and psychological sensations that come with real motionB)Prokon can relieve boredomC)Prokon is cheaperD)Prokon can be played both indoors and outside 7. Which of the following statements is true?A)Prokon can provide the smell of burning tires.B)Prokon can simulate any kind of travelling experiences.C)People can travel to any one of 20 places in Prokon.D)Prokon will eventually replace video games. 8. Which of the following statements is Not true?A)Prokon was the chief attraction of the British Pavilion at the World Expo.B)Eighteen units of Prokon have already been sold in Britain.C)Prokon will never substitute for real travel.D)Prokon provides excitement almost as real as that of real travel. 9. The passage is most likely to be _.A)a piece of science fictionB)a piece of academic writingC)a piece of technical instructionD)a news report 10. The best title of the passage might be _.A)Thrill of AdventureB)Prokon - Better Than Real TravelC)Simulated Trip, Real FunD)A New Game Machine Text CAnother movement that originated apart from psychology but has had a profound influence on psychological thinking is the school of psychoanalysis which was founded around the turn of the century by Sigmund Freud. Freud began his career in Vienna in the 1880s as a physician and neurologist (神经病学家). He became interested in psychological processes as the result of his experiences with patients who were suffering from hsyteria - that is, from paralysis of the legs or arms that seemed to have no physical cause. His final theories represent a lifetime of observing and treating many kinds of neurotic patients and also of attempting to analyze his own personality. Freud himself was rather neurotic in his youth, suffering from feelings of anxiety and deep depression. He retained some neurotic symptoms all his life, he was a compulsive smoker of as many as twenty cigars a day, was nervous about traveling, and was given to what were probably false complaints about poor digestion, constipation, and heart palpitation. However, he managed to overcome his early inclination toward depression and lived a rich professional, family, and social life - an indication that in his case the physician had managed to heal himself, at least in large part. One of Freuds great insights into the human personality was the discovery of how it is influenced by unconscious processes, especially motives of which we are unaware. At first his ideas were bitterly attacked; many people were repelled by his notion that man, far from being a rational animal, is largely at the mercy of his irrational unconscious thoughts. Many were shocked by his emphasis on the role of sexual motives and particularly by his insistence that even young children have intense sexual desires. Over the years, however, the furor (狂怒) has died out. There is considerable controversy over the value of psychoanalytical methods in treating neurotic patients, but even those who criticize psychoanalysis as a form of therapy accept some of Freuds basic notions about personality and its formation. 11. Psychoanalysis was founded by Sigmund Freud _.A)at the beginning of this centuryB)in the last centuryC)in the 1880sD)one hundred years ago 12. According to the passage, psychoanalysis _.A)originated from psychologyB)is part of psychologyC)originated independently of psychologyD)was deeply influenced by psychology 13. Which of the following is Not true?A)Sigmund Freud suffered from feelings of anxiety and depression.B)Sigmund Freud suffered from indigestion, constipation and heart palpitation.C)Sigmund Freud was nervous about traveling.D)Sigmund Freud was rather neurotic in his youth. 14. According to Sigmund Freud, _.A)man is a rational animalB)man is powerless against his subconscious motivesC)man tends to deny his sexual motivesD)man can cure every disease by psychoanalysis 15. Freuds psychoanalysis _.A)won immediate acceptance by the general publicB)is no longer popular in medical circlesC)is still creating furor because of its emphasis on the role of sexual motivesD)is still controversial as to its value in treating neurotic patients Text D After the great masters themselves, perhaps nothing in the musical world is as celebrated as the great violins. A great violin is a rarity-hard to find and harder to afford. The exact origin of the violin is obscure. It was probably created in the early 1500s, when the new polyphonic music demanded a stronger string sound than that of, say, the medieval vielle (a bowed string instrument). A century or so later, in Cremona, Italy, came the legendary era of fiddle making-which, for reasons that remain utterly mysterious, has never been equaled since. Nicolo Amati, (1596-1684) produced elegant, small-voiced violins. Antonio Stradivari (about 1644-1737), who is reckoned the greatest violin-maker of all time, enhanced the sweet, velvety-pure Amati tone by adding greater carrying power. A painstaking craftsman, he created and astonishing 1,100 instruments (of which some 550 survive) in a career that spanned seven decades. Giuseppe Guarneri del Gesu (1698-1744) was far less fastidious: he cared little for the exterior of his violins and sold them relatively cheaply. But their sound is extraordinary; they have dark, sensuous voices that carry easily even over huge modern orchestras. Twenty years ago, a decent Strad could be had for $20,000. Today, the figure approaches $100,000. The best Strads, now cost a staggering $250,000 to $400,000. The 150 or so extant Guarneris are comparably priced. Even middle range violins are now appreciating in value by about 25 per cent a year. The skyrocketing prices are caused by soaring demand. Now that the Far East has emerged as a new source of string players, the market is even harder pressed. At most, about twenty Strads and Guarneris change hands each year (the purchasers are almost all either professional or amateur musicians; there is only a handful of collectors). The auctioning of a famous violin usually causes great excitement in the musical world. Although the business of stealing rare violins continues, unfortunately, that of forging them does not. The last fakes were made in the 19th century. All too often, the label says Antonius Stradivarius, but the small print underneath identifies it as made in Germany. Far more unusual is the case of the Los Angeles man, who thought that he had been done after paying $6,000 for a violin, but it turned out to be a Strad. 16. The best violins are those made in _.A)the early 1500sB)the present century with completely new techniquesC)Italy in the 17th and 18th centuriesD)in Germany in the 19th century 17. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A)A Guarneri may not look as nice as a Strad.B)A Guarneri is as costly now as a Strad.C)The best Strads or Guarneris cost 250,000 to 400,000 dollars each.D)There are now many forgers of Strads and Guarneris. 18. The price of best violins is going up fast because _.A)the demand for them is increasing quicklyB)no one has yet learned to make violins that are comparable in quality to a Strad or a GuarneriC)few owners are willing to part with their rare possessionsD)all of the above 19. Which of the following statements is true?A)Few people attempt to steal rare violins.B)Only the best violins are rising in value.C)No one has yet learned the secret of how a Strad or a Guarneri was made.D)A real Strad is sought after only by musicians. 20. The Los Angeles mans experience was unusual in that _.A)he paid far less than the usual price for a real StradB)he bought one of the last fakes made in the 19th centuryC)he had been overcharged outrageouslyD)he bought a violin with a label that says Antonius Stradivarius but the small print underneath says made in Germany第一组阅读Passage1 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.C Passage2 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.C Passage1 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.B 15.D Passage4 16.C 17.D 18.D 19.C 40.A 第二组阅读理解部分 Text AMany of the home electric goods which are advertised as liberating the modern woman tend to have the opposite effect, because they simply change the nature of work instead of eliminating it. Machines have a certain novelty value, like toys for adults. It is certainly less tiring to put clothes in a washing machine, but the time saved does not really amount to much: the machine has to be watched, the clothes have to be carefully sorted out first, stains removed by hand, buttons pushed and water changed, clothes taken out, aired and ironed. It would be more liberating to pack it all off to a laundry and not necessarily more expensive, since no capital investment is required. Similarly, if you really want to save time you do not make cakes with an electric mixer, you buy one in a shop. If one compares the image of the woman in the womens magazine with the goods advertised by those periodicals, one realizes how useful a projected image cab be commercially. A careful balance has to be struck: if you show a labor-saving device, follow it up with a complicated recipe on the next page; on no account hint at the notion that a woman could get herself a job, but instead foster her sense of her own usefulness, emphasizing the creative aspect of her function as a housewife. So we get cake mixes where the cook simply adds an egg herself, to produce “that lovely home-baked flavor the family love”, and knitting patterns that can be made by hand, or worse still, on knitting machines, which became tremendously fashionable when they were first introduced. Automatic cookers are advertised by pictures of pretty young mothers taking their children to the park, not by professional women presetting the dinner before leaving home for work.66. According to the passage, many of the home electric goods which are supposed to liberate wo