初中易混淆知识点.doc

Stressed 和stressfulstressful 指形容事物adj.1.产生压力的 2.使紧迫的stressed 指形容人有压力的n.重压, 逼迫, 压力, 重点, 着重, 强调, 重音vt.着重, 强调, 重读前者形容“物”，后者形容“人”I am working in a company . I am stressed by the stressful job .lose lost loss单词词性中文释义词组lose动词失去，丧失；输掉；把(机会)错过；lose ones life丧生lose ones way 迷路；lose oneself 迷路；lose oneself in沉湎于lose weight 减肥lose face丢脸lose heart泄气，灰心lose your mind丧失理智lose your voice失声lose touch with sb失去联系lost形容词动词(lose的过去式，过去分词)丢失的迷路的a lost wallet遗失的钱包a lost child迷路的小孩get lost迷路lost in thought沉思中loss名词失去the loss of 的失去词典例句：1. Mike lost his job last year.2. The family lost everything when their home burned down.3. Ive lost my bag. Have you seen it?4. He lost his sight in an accident.5. She lost her son in a car accident.6. The keys are lost somewhere in the house.7. Martin was lost in thought and did not hear the door open.选用lose，lost，loss填空：1. He lost his job.2. She has lost interest in her work.3. I lost my watch somewhere.4. You cannot lose yourself in computer games.5. He reported the loss of his wallet to the police.6. He lost his way in the snowstorm.7. They lost their son in the park.8. I was very sad at the loss of my dog.9. We lost the game yesterday.10. He lost himself in reading.11. The fat boy wanted to lose weight.Close closely(1)closeadj.靠近；接近;亲密；密切短语：get/becloseto靠近；亲近Thechurchisclosetotheshops.Areyouaclosefriendoftheirs?(2)closeadv.靠近；接近（表具体意义）短语：hike/walk/run/sit/standcloseto.Hewasstandingclosetothedoor.(3)closev.关上；关闭(不开发)；结束Sheclosedhereyes./Hereyesclosed.(闭上)(4)closelyadv.紧密地；仔细地；密切地（表抽象意义）Hegotcloselyintouchwiththemagazinesoftoday.Thelittlebabywascloselylookedafterbyher.比较(1)close与closely作副词时，close含具体之意，closely含抽象之意。(2)类似的词组有high(高)-highly(高度地)，deep(深深地)-deeply(深入地)，wide(很开，宽)-widely(广泛地)，low(低的)-lowly(低贱的)(作形容词)Thekiteflieshigh.（具体）Theyspokehighlyofthebraveyoungman.（抽象）Heoftendivesdeepintothesea.（具体）Imdeeplymovedbythemovingfilm.（抽象）Show 过去式和过去分词Show showed showed Show showed showncontrol 过去式和过去分词control controlled controlled controlling (要双写)travel 过去式和过去分词travel traveled traveled travelingtravel travelled traveled travelingbe valuable =be of great valuebe of adj.+n.=be +该名词的形容词形式 例如：be of great importance=be very importantbreak in 和 break intobreak in不及物 Thieves broke in last night and stole some money.break into及物 Thieves broke into the bank last night and stole some money.break into 突然 hearing the news,she broke into tears/laughter.Laugh laughterlaugh laughter这两个词都表示“笑”的意思，但涵义和使用场合有所不同。它们的区别如下：（一）laugh可以用作动词和名词；laughter只能用作名词。（二）用作名词时，laugh是可数名词，可以用a修饰，也可以有复数形式；laughter是不可数名词，不能用a修饰，也没有复数形式。（三）laugh是通过转词法（conversion）由动词to laugh转变而来；laughter是通过词缀法（affixation）由动词to laugh派生而来。（四）laugh的词义比较具体，指某一次或某一个具体的行动；laughter的词义比较一般，通常只表达抽象的概念。下面先看两个laugh的例句：He laughed a loud laugh他大笑一声。We laughed at the enemies for their timidity and incapacity我们嘲笑敌人的胆怯和无能。They have had a good many laughs over his foolishness他们曾多次嘲笑他愚蠢。下面是 laughter的例句：His jokes sent everybody roaring with laughter他的笑话使每个人捧腹大笑。As they listened to my story，they gave a laugh from time to time；I dont know how my story caused so much laughter他们一边听我讲故事，一边不时地哈哈大笑；我真不懂我的故事为什么这么好笑。在此句中，laugh和laughter用在一起，我们可从中看到 laugh之前可以加a，词义比较具体；laughter是不可数名词，词义比较抽象。请注意，laughing是动名词，其后也不能加-s，它强调笑的动作。例：I nearly died of laughing！我几乎笑得要死！It is no laughing matter此事不可言笑。（意指此事非儿戏，是正经事）laugh laughterLaugh smileLaugh 笑声，出声的大笑，有时还伴随身体动作Smile 微笑 。give a soft smile 莞尔一笑room,place,space这一组名词都有空间，地方的意思。room有两层含义，一为“房间”，是可数名词；二表示人或物体所占的“空间或场所”、处事的“余地”等意思，是不可数名词，可用little，much，no，plenty等词修饰。可构成make room for给.让出地方；take up room占地方；leave room for留出空间给.等短语。There is room in improvement in your work.你在工作上还有上升空间。place指人们从事各种活动的“地方，场所，位置”，是可数名词，常用的短语有take ones place就坐，入席；in place在适当的位置。Wuhan is a hot place in summer.武汉是个夏天很热的地方。space意为“空间”，是不可数名词，表示万物存在之处，太空；作“空隙、空白”解时，是可数名词。There isnt space in the classroom for thirty desksspace 指(个人)空间，太空时是不可数名词。eg.You have to give teenagers plenty of space.必须给青少年充足的个人空间。指空地，余地，间隔时，可以做可数名词，也可以做不可数名词。eg.Please save a space for me in the queue.请在排队中给我留下个位子。（可数）Put as much space as possible between the lines.尽量拉开各行间的距离。（不可数）nothing butnothing but（除而外；什么也没有；只有）后面可接(1) 名词或代词： For miles and miles I could see nothing except (= but) a great fire and lots of smoke. 一连好几英里，除了大火和浓烟我什么也看不见。 Under the soil there is nothing but sand. 在这层土壤下边只有沙子。 （2）不定式：A cold-blooded animal has no choice but to lie down and sleep. 冷血动物别无选择，只好躺下来睡觉。（注：这种句型中的不定式通常要带to