2009年高考考前30天应对策略.doc

2009年高考考前30天应对策略山东省实验中学 朱崇军 一、指导思想强调立体复习与立体思维的重要性。教师引导、督促，学生动手、落实。如何引导学生回顾、梳理、总结、归纳，帮助学生寻找一些非智力得分点，即技巧、策略、心态等，这是最后三十天教师的重要工作。二、词汇以词组结构记忆为主考试说明中指出要求掌握课程标准八级3300词汇。老师应经过详细加工和筛选，将大词表浓缩成小词表。小词表主要包括三类词汇：一类是多义少的词汇，一类是少义多的词汇，一类是易混淆词汇，然后帮助学生以回顾、查漏的形式网罗一遍。要根据读音记忆单词，同时应尽量将单词，特别是形容词、动词和介词放在词组中去记忆，这样就可解决应用问题，因为我们只要根据句法就能造出很好的句子或看懂句子的结构和意思。如beat/hit/strike sb in/on the 部位，prefer doing A to ding B等。多义少的词汇（大约200多个）：字母相对多、难记忆、意义少、搭配简单或学生很少用到或见到的词汇。如：accommodation, accomplish, accessible, available, accustomed, cater, competence, compulsory, confidential, punctuation, prescription, rectangle, skeptical/sceptical, swear, terminal, tissue, transparent, zoom。对于这类词汇首先应帮助学生记忆音、形、义，然后帮助学生掌握特有的用法。如：accustomed, 帮助学生读准、记住义，然后记住特殊结构be accustomed to sth./doing sth.或者再进一步触类旁通：be used to, be adapted to, be adjusted to等。少义多的词汇（大约100多个）：字母相对少、好记忆、意义多、搭配多的词汇。如：account, agree, allow, apply, break, bring, call, carry, do, demand, get, give, go, hold, keep, leave, make, pick, put, set, take, turn。对于这些词汇要注重帮助学生总结其短语和搭配，尤其是学生熟悉其一至两种意义而不知其常用含义往往望文生义的短语或搭配。如：account for本身就有“对作出满意的解释”、“占据比例”，还构成其他短语，on sb.s account “因为谁”、“为了谁”、“独自”，on account of“因为”，on no account “决不”，take account of/ take sth. into account“把考虑在内”等。再如：对于make up这个短语的常见四个意义（组成、编造、化妆、弥补）学生如数家珍，但对于make up with sb. 这个短语学生可能就比较生疏，但这是一个比较常用且重要的短语，老师的任务就是帮助学生搜索出这些重要但又被教材或学生忽视的短语意义。易混淆的词汇或短语（此类比较多）：易混淆的词汇或短语主要集中于名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、动词短语等。这类比较复杂，教师应将重中之重的学生经常记忆多遍还容易混淆的短语帮助学生进行详细梳理。如：scene/scenery/sight/view；adapt/adjust/adopt; contain/include/hold; imaginative/imaginary/imaginable; worth/worthy/worthwhile等。三、听力熟悉训练针对考试说明进行。即对原来听过的材料，再进行复听，此次可以要求学生对着原文进行反复听，进行语言结构和内容的双重熟悉，在熟悉的过程中捕捉和感悟应对听力的策略和技巧。稳定情绪，快速浏览，简化问题，瞬间记忆，善于预测的训练。比如你读到： Where does the conversation most probably take place? （2008年） A. In a restaurant. B. In an office. C. At home.你就应预测到哪些地方可能会提到的话题。在宾馆可能是服务人员和顾客的对话，在办公室可能是同事之间的对话或是领导对下属的对话，在家里可能是家人或朋友间的对话，这三种场合对话人的口气、态度和用语都不同的，在听之前心中就能预测到。对于一个对话和语篇有多个问题的，可以用最简单的词语标示出这些问题，然后记在脑子里或纸边。如：2008年第9段材料：在听之前就用最简单且便于记忆的词汇记录下这三个问题：15、why-call 16、where-will 17、infer，然后把这三个问题记在脑子里，在听的过程中始终记住这三个问题。15. Why did Jane call Mike? A. To ask him to meet her. B. To tell him about Tom.C. To borrow his car.16. Where will Jane be in about one hour? A. At Mikes place. B. At the airport. C. At a garage.17. What can we infer from the conversation? A. Jane has just learned to drive.B. Janes car is in bad condition.C. Mike will go to the airport.熟悉的话题的简短对话和独白：理解主旨和要义；获取具体的、事实性信息；对所听内容作出推断；理解话者的意图、观点和态度。四、语法和词汇归类易错点将平时易错点进行梳理、归纳、总结和对比，唤起学生的记忆。帮助学生分析结构、读懂语境、理解句义。易错点1 词汇辨析易错点词汇短语辨析是一个宏大的工程，需要平时建立知识体系，考前30天教师为他们画龙点睛即可。如辨析动词要从持续与终止性、结果与状态、及物不及物、主动被动、褒义贬义、使用场合等方面着手。如：trip, journey, travel, tour, voyage；while, though, although, as都可表示“尽管”，但结构、语义程度、使用的场合有所不同；satisfied与content 都可表示“满意”，但语义有细微差别；adapt, adjust都有“调整以适应”之意，但使用的场合有所不同；be used to, be accustomed to, be adapted to, be adjust to 都有“适应”之意，但其适应的内容有所不同；lead to, result in, contribute to, bring on都有“导致”之意，但其具体内涵和所指对象有所不同。 (1) He asked me how much he _ me and I told him that the petrol pump had shown $ 15. A. paidB. owedC. offeredD. provided(2) I knew I couldnt get away with the punishment, which filled me with_. A. concernB. worryC. anxietyD. care(3) It may have seemed unusually cold recently but experts say its_ for this time of year. （09济南4月模考-24） A. normalB. formalC. ordinaryD. common(4) With proper measures, the economy in China is beginning to _again. A. rise upB. hold onC. pick upD. take on易错点2 结构语法易错点学会分析英语结构是一项基本功，它不仅可以帮助你提高阅读速度、理解更准确，还可以帮助你写出一手好文章。因此对于语法结构应予以高度重视。把并列结构、强调结构、倒装结构、插入语结构、省略结构、替代结构、分裂结构中常见的典型错误给学生归纳、梳理。（常用化繁为简、化整为零、补全省略、化生为熟等方法）(1) So you have met Maria? Yes, it was last week_ we attended Jacks party? （09济南4月模考-35） A. whereB. whenC. thatD. why(2) _ some of the juiceperhaps youll like it. A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried(3) Theyve kept up a friendship with the teacher whom they were at school_twenty years ago. A. with B. about C. since D. till(4) _ do you suppose he took to the park with him？ A. Who B. Why C. When D. That(5) He is only too ready to help others, seldom, _, refusing them when they turn to him. A. if neverB. if everC. if notD. if any(6) I turned off the headlamp to keep the light from flashing in through the window of Jacks house and _ Jack up. A. woke B. waking C. wake D. to wake易错点3 语境语法易错点透过语境考语法是越来越受宠的，主要包括单词语境、句中语境、会话语境。做此类题时主要考虑英语中的会话总是以听话者或阅读者为核心的，因此在冠词的特指与泛指、情感交流时情态动词的运用等都是以对方的感受为基础的。此类题主要考查冠词、情态动词、时态、语态、虚拟语气、逻辑关系连接词等。(1) Students should be encouraged to use_ Internet as_resource. （2008山东-21） A. 不填；a B. 不填；the C. the; the D. the; a(2) I think Nicole doesnt really have interest in basketball. Right, _ he goes to play every afternoon. A. soB. forC. butD. and(3) Are you coming to Jeffs party? Im not sure. I_ go to the concert instead. A. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. might(4) I tried hard to get some information about the election out of his mouth, but he remained_. A. innocentB. calmC. silentD. contradictory易错点4 习语搭配易错点习语搭配主要考查学生的识记和运用，主要包括名词、动词、形容词、副词和介词短语搭配的识记和具体语境运用情况。(1) I began to feel_in the new school when I saw some familiar faces. （2008山东-32） A. at home B. at heart C. at will D. at sight(2) The earthquake and the_ it had on the people will last a long time. A. effectsB. impressionsC. causesD. concerns(3) I often think of those sweet days we went to the movies, _ plenty of snacks in the pockets. A. byB. withC. overD. through(4) You can hardly imagine the difficulty the woman had _ her three children. A. brought up B. bring up C. bringing up D. to have brought up易错点5 逻辑型易错点主要考查语篇逻辑关系、非谓语动词的逻辑主语、主谓一致等的考查。掌握表达逻辑关系的连接词、理解语境的内在逻辑关系是做好此类题的关键。(1) He found it increasingly difficult to read, _his eyesight was beginning to fail. （2008山东-22） A. though B. for C. but D. so(2) A brilliant idea occurred to him, _ to his research in the lab. （09济南4月模考-25） A. while devotingB. while devoting himselfC. while he was devotedD. while devoted(3) Most of the people present were in favor of the plan, _ to set up a second-hand bookstore in the school. A. intended B. intendingC. to intendD. having intended易错点 6 交际型易错点跨文化交际是学习英语的主要目的之一，主要有如下几个特点：约定俗成性、得体性、准确性。应遵循“语言差异，习惯优先”的原则。考试说明中要求的11项68条功能意念项目都可能成为考查的对象，这要靠平时的积累。(1) Shall I lock up the computer lab now before I leave? _. Im not leaving for a while. I can do that. A. Go aheadB. No problemC. No hurryD. Dont bother(2) Say, Jane, will you come with me to the game Friday? _, Bob, but I promised Mary Id go with her. （2008山东-30） A. My pleasure B. Thanks C. Take it easy D. Forget it(3) Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. _. A. I dont B. I wont C. I cannot D. I havent(4)Are you going to watch the game？ Im sure _, for it promises to be a close one. A. so B. I will C. not D. I wont 记住下面常用交际用语所使用的场合1. No hurry. 2. Not really/exactly.3. Not likely.4. Sure. 5. Sounds great!6. Thats all right. 7. Thats for sure.8. No problem.9. Thats OK.10. The same to you.11.(Its) No wonder12. (Theres) No doubt13. Cant complain.14. I hope not.15. No thanks.16. Never mind.17. My pleasure.18. With pleasure.19. Sure, go ahead.20. Thanks all the same/anyway.21. Not at all.22. By all means.23. Well, it just depends.24. Forget it.25. Think nothing of it.26. It doesnt matter.27. Out of question.28. Got it.29. Not a bit.30. Anything to follow?31. Are you ready to order?32. Why not?33. Why me?34. Whats new?35. Whats up?36. I appreciate your help.37. I appreciate it if you can38. I cant thank you too much. 39. I couldnt agree more with you.40. Take care.41. Take your time.42. Shall we make it another day? 43. Dont mention it.44. Guess what!45. How come? 46. Surely not.(I dont believe it.) 47.Thanks for your help. Sure.48. I bet you she wont come.49. The strawberries tastes gorgeous. I bet.我想一定不错。50. Going to the party on Saturday? You bet! 当然了。51. Go on! Ask her for her telephone number. I dare you! 去呀！问她要电话号码。我谅你也不敢。52. I dare say things will improve. 我想事情会好起来的。53. Dont you dare talk to me like that! 不要跟我这样讲话！54. Where did you go last night? Mind your own business. Are you going out with Kate tonight? Thats my business.55. Do you let your kids travel alone at night? Absolutely not!56. You might as well do the washing while you are about it.57. We realised that the children would have to leave home, but all the same it was difficult.58. You really shouldnt have gone to so much trouble for me. Oh, it was nothing./ Thinking nothing of it.59. Im afraid Ive broken the chair. Never mind. I can easily geit it fixed.60. Are you going to visit Professor Smith with your new project? Well, it depends.61. Ill tell you what, ill help you with the work. 62. Guess what! Jane is going to get married.63. Ive decided to work part-time. What for?64. Your room looks a rel mess Tracey. So what?65. Im sorry Harry will remember, but why not give him a ring just in case?66. Are you going Bills party tonight? No fear. （幽默, 决不）67. Never fear, hell be with us soon. （正式，不用担心）68. Please feel free to make suggestions.69. Why isnt the computer working? I should have thought that was obvious. （表示礼貌或开开玩笑地不同意对方的话）70. I should think so/not. 表示强调，当然/当然不。 71. Not necessarily. 未必。五、完形填空细读首尾，抓住主线，上串下联，左右逢源完形填空篇幅小，但起点高，题量大，考查类型多，对语法结构、词汇短语、习语句型、常识背景、文化习俗、逻辑推断、语篇结构等都会涉及，主要考查基础知识在语篇理解中的应用能力，所以学生往往是做了很多，收效甚微。考前30天，帮助学生做好“读前工作读中工作读后工作”。I. 读前工作在做完形填空前，应以足量的英语词汇、句型、语法和文化背景及阅读经验的积累。II. 读中工作帮助学生在阅读的过程中，做如下工作：1、标注段落号，2分钟快速阅读，抓住每段1-2个关键词如2008年山东卷试题全文共6段：1段关键词downpour；2段关键词unfortunately；3段关键词I, on the way；4段关键词email；5段关键词thank； 6段关键词a few words make a different。将以上关键词连接起来便可总结本文脉络：In a downpour, I was on the way to work. I received an email to thank me. Only a few words made a great difference. 2、始终围绕文章脉络，高屋建瓴，8分钟系统还原始终围绕以上脉络和主题，详细阅读，利用8分钟时间合理想象和推测，推敲还原文章原面貌。Para 1 由于倾盆大雨（downpour），街道被淹没（36题，flood）没商量，交通陷入瘫痪。Para 2 早晨上班期间在downpour和flood中，人们只好被迫回家（37题 ，were forced to go home）。有些人便叫出租车（38题 call a taxi）。还有一些人勇敢面对暴雨（39题，storm，与最后一段的The rainstorm and the traffic troubles形成互映）。Para 3 我恰恰碰巧正是（40题，happened）上班中的一员，正在到处找地铁线（41题，routine），在人群中穿梭（42题，through crowds of people）着，终于找到了一列还在运行（43题，operating），不巧的是很多人等着上车（44题，board the subway）。由于人多，地铁往往在地平面以下，所以我无法通过阶梯下到站台（45题，platform），结果坐了反向车，然后再换乘去市区。终于火车到站了（46题，reached the station）。到了办公室后，（由于是downpour），浑身湿透（47题，wet through），非常沮丧（48题，disappointed）。Para 4下午五点时，我正要关电脑回家，这时（49题，when）收到了主任的电子邮件。Para 5 在邮件中主任感谢我通过努力最终（50题，eventually）能来上班，尤其是在艰难的情况下，能表现出自己对工作的忠诚（51题，devotion）。Para 6主任的信虽简短（52题，brief），但我从中学到了很多，几句话赏识与肯定（53题，appreciation）竟能创造奇迹。暴雨和交通带来的麻烦（54题，troubles）使我精疲力竭，但主任电子邮件中的话语使我一下精神焕发（55题，refreshed），脸上露出了欣慰的笑容。3、仔细品味，2分钟感受，语言通顺，逻辑合理、内容流畅将上面的还原文章快速浏览，进行感受，主要判断其语言是否正确、通顺，前后逻辑是否合理，在内容上是否流畅。然后将拿不准的空，置于还原后的原文中再次推敲、选择。III. 读后工作在做完一篇完形填空后，应将正确选项填入原文，然后进行反复阅读，品味原文的思想和语言结构美，然后按照词汇、句式、语法、文化知识、理解失误、知识失误等几个方面进行综合总结，为下一次阅读积累经验。六、阅读理解紧紧围绕课程标准和省考试说明高考对阅读理解的目标要求展开训练：求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等。考生应能：1、理解主旨和要义2、理解文中具体信息3、根据上下文推断生词词义4、作出判断和推理5、理解文段的基本逻辑结构6、理解作者的意图、观点、态度帮助学生做好“读前读中读后”三个阶段的工作。I. 读前工作 帮助学生建立良好的阅读习惯，改掉用手或笔指着读、出声读等不良的阅读理解习惯。让学生怀着三种心态阅读：为做题而做题的心态，为汲取词语言基础知识的心态，吸纳和欣赏文章内容和艺术美的心态。II. 读中工作 以2009年济南市4月份阅读理解D篇为例。1、标注段落号，2分钟快速阅读，抓住每段关键词，总结本段主题全文共6段。第1段关键词或主题句：Shopperscontinue their conservative shopping habit.第2段关键词或主题句：That signals bad news for retailers.第3段关键词或主题句：respondentshad shifted their shopping behaviors.第4段关键词或主题句：The habitschange the mind-set of consumers.第5段关键词或主题句：smart retailers will focus on downsizing.第6段关键词或主题句：discount department stores andwill be the weakest.综合这六段的主题句，可以得出本文的主题，Shoppers continue their conservative shopping habit and retailers intend to ease their discomfort. 紧紧围绕这一主题带着文后的六个问题进行第二环节的阅读。2、围绕各段主题，5分钟阅读事实和观点细节，合理推断，综合出击71. The current shopping behavior in the US is becoming_.细节题。由第一段的to continue their conservative shopping habits可轻松得出答案C. conservative。72. Which is the measure the retailers wont take to attract shoppers?这是一个反向细节题判断题。理清第五自然段的几个事实细节点：Smart retailers will focus on downsizing.(1) Adding stores to an already crowded retail landscape is out of fashion. (显然A项是retailers不会采纳的)(2) Build shopping buzz, such as limited editions of products. (B项的变种说法)(3) or having existing stores target local markets.(4) retailers will focus on private bands（D项的一部分）(5) make one-stop shops for consumers. （C项的变种说法）因此本题答案为A项。73. What will the consumers do with the worrying US economy?这是一个细节综合判断题。由第二至第四段可知如下事实细节点：(1) consumers have opened their wallets only for basic items,(2) they were making do with less or going without some favorite items.(3) shoppers plan to continue their changed near-term shopping behavior.A.项是retailers的计划；B项显然是第（2）条的另一说法，为正确选项；C. Giving up their near-term shopping plan与第（3）条显然是不同的，第三条是continue their changed near-term shopping behavior. D项Opening their wallets for daily buying.显然与第（1）only for basic items不一致。74. The underlined phrase “fare the best” most probably means “_”.语段推断题。回到最后一段，“尽管在2009年经济萧条的2009年，人们预计warehouse clubs and super centers 会_, 但是一些廉价商店将会力不从心，尤其是服装类商品的销售，在2010年将会反弹，但复苏就很艰难。”由以上可知，此处就应为“结果会是最好的（work out the best）”，而不是“树最好的榜样（set the best example）”、“尽最大努力（make the greatest effort）”或“给最大的折扣（having the most discount）”等。选项B正确。75. According to the report, _. A. bigger shops will be more successfulB. supermarkets do better than super centers C. clothing will recover smoothly in 2010D. most respondents suffer from the crisis本题是综合判断题。综合整个报告信息可知，全文是在对消费者调查的基础上进行论述的，从消费者、零售商到大型购物中心、廉价小商店等不同的角度进行了分析，并作出了合理的判断。选项B与最后一段相矛盾；选C中smoothly显然与最后一段的slowest to recover相抵触；选项D的意思是大多数被调查者受到经济危机的折磨，显然与第三段的making do with less or going without some favorite items相抵触。答案A正是最后一段的第一句话的变化说法。3、围绕全文线索，仔细品味，1分钟感受，立足作者观点和态度，核实答案本文作者始终是以客观的态度进行叙述的，以调查报告为客观依据摆事实，并阐明报告的观点。从消费者、零售商、购物中心等不同角度进行分析。只要抓住消费者、零售商和购物中心三个不同层面对经济衰退的反映及采取的可能的措施，便可轻松解题。III. 读后工作读完本文后，应引导学生从几个层面进行精读。1、文章内容层面How to live through economic crisis：customerschanging the mind-set and shopping behavior; retailerstake necessary measures to stimulate the buying power2、语言知识层面（1）词汇短语cut back on, conservative, signal (v.), respond to, cutback, estimate, flat, shift their bahavior, make do with, potential, permanently, mind-set, out of fashion, come up with, shopping buzz, target (v. ), forecast, discount, recover（2）长难复杂句That signals continued bad news for retailers, whoThe vast majority of shoppers who are changing their near-term shopping behavior say they plan to continue them as the economy improves.While warehouse clubs and super centers re expected to fare the best in the weak environment in 2009, discount department stores and supermarkets will be the weakest, the report warned.（3）语法结构四处限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句while cutting back on unimportant purchases.while adding complementary categories of goods to their stores to make one-stop shopsSales of clothes, though expected to rebound in 2010, will beWhile warehouse clubs and super centers are expected to fare the best , 3、经验教训层面根据学生自己做题的情况进行全面总结。七、阅读表达通过阅读考查学生动手总结概括的能力、分析句段的能力、变换表达的能力、解决具体阅读理解题目的能力、在语篇章的基本翻译能力。这些能力看似综合，其实可以细化到阅读理解中进行训练。帮助学生做好三层工作“读前读中读后”工作。I. 读前工作培养阅读习惯，积累阅读经验，基础知识和能力共同提高。II. 读中工作1、主旨标题类要善于对文章的整体内容进行概括或归纳，要善于寻找段落的主题句和剔除文中的细节事实或者作者所使用的论据，即分清主旨和细节；概括出来的中心意思一定要能够覆盖全文或整个段落，绝对不可离题太远、太笼统或者只概括一段或几句话的意思，即以偏概全；文章标题格式可以是完整的句子，可以是简洁的短语，也可以用问题的形式，同时要注意字数要求。一般从以下几个方面着手：以2009年济南市4月模拟试题为例：76.What is the passage mainly about? (please answer within 10 words)抓主题词（切题）：Hocus-pocus, origin, explanations, origin, put it into use归纳修饰（具体、正确）The origin of hocus-pocus切忌过大：Hocus-pocus; something about hocus-pocus; 切忌过小： how hocus-pocus came into English; how to use hocus-pocus; the meaning of hocus pocus对于文章标题中字母的大小写、格式等一般不作严格要求。但是如果要大写的话，请注意以下几种情况： (1) 所有字母都大写：HOW TO DEALWITH STRESS (2) 实词的第一个字母大写：How to Deal with Stress（常采用的方式） (3) 标题的第一个单词大写：How to deal with stress 2、完成句子类回答该类问题时，定要注意弄清上下文之间的逻辑关系，例如递进、并列、对比、转折、因果等等；同时还应注意空白处与前后词句的语法结构关系。一般来讲，该类问题的字数要求会比较少，所以语言一定要简练；答完后要检查一下，看上下文是否通顺，能否恢复文章作者原本想表达的思想、内容或意图。To the Editor:I have been reading your newspaper, the Hometown Gazette, for the past two years, ever since I moved to Smithville. We moved here from New York City, so I am accustomed to reading excellent newspapers such as The New York Times. In fact, we still have the Times delivered on Sundays. The entire family enjoys reading the recipes in the paper, as well as the Styles section.The Times is great, but_. Ive never read an article that doesnt contain at least three or four spelling or grammatical errors.Question: Please fill in the blank with proper words or phrases to make the sentence complete. (Please answer within 10 words. ) 解题思路分析句子结构：通过分析可知，but后为一个句子。分析上下文关系：与The Times is great之间是转折关系选词组句：the Hometown Gazette is terrible/different/awful通过阅读，我们看到，作者把她订阅的本地报纸the Hometown Gazette与她喜欢的纽约时报进行比较，她认为纽约时报很棒(The Times is great) 但是 (but)。我们很容易看出上下文之间的逻辑关系是对比和转折，而且横线后面的句子是抱怨the Hometown Gazette这份报纸拼写和语法错误较多，因此可以判断作者对这份报纸十分不满，横线上应该填上对the Home town Gazette的看