英语二重点内容.doc

英语二重点内容（一）英语（二）重点内容：Unit 1常考句子：1、A decision is a choice madefrom amongalternative courses of action that are available.决策是从那些可以得到可供选择的行动方针中进行抉择。2、Although managers cannot predict the future,（but）many of their decisions require that they consider possible future events.虽然管理者们不能预见未来，但是他们的很多决策都要求他们考虑未来可能发生的事件。Although he thought he was helping us with the job, he was only in the way.虽然他以为他在帮助我们干这件事，但他只是在碍我们的事。3、Often managers mustmake a best guess atwhat the future will be and try toleave as little as possible to chance.通常管理者必须对未来的情况做出最佳的预测，使偶然性尽可能少地发生“as+形容词（副词）+as possible”尽可能地；尽量4、If there is no choice, there is no decisionto be made.如果没有选择，也就无法做出决策5、For managers every decision has constraintsbased onpolitics, procedures, laws, precedents and the like.对于管理者来说，每一个决策都要受到基于政策、程序、法律、惯例等方面因素的制约。6、For example, managers sometimes treat problemsinaneither/orfashion.例如：管理者有时以二者择一的方式来处理Either/or：非此即彼in fashion：以样的方式7But thetendency tosimplifyblindsto them to other alternative.to blind t使看不见（blind为及物动词）e.g. We must not let our prejudices blind us to the facts of the situation.我们不应该让偏见使我们对实际情况视而不见。8、Decision makers must have some way of determiningwhich ofseveral alternatives is best that is,whichcontributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals.决策者们必须有一些办法决定数个可选方案中哪个是最好的，也就是说，哪一个对组织目标的实现贡献最大。9、In the larger scheme of things, however, increased funding for research to improve the productsmight be more beneficialto the organization.10、Some of these objectives are more important than others, but the order and degree of importance oftenvary form person to personandfrom department to department.这些目标中的有一些比另一些更重要，但其排序和重要程度经常因人而异和因部门而异。11People often assume that a decision is anisolatedphenomenon.人们常常认为决策是一个孤立的现象。Word study1objectiveThe literary critics should be asobjectiveas possible inanalysisand judgment.文学批评家在分析和评价时应尽量不偏不倚。2ArgueArgue sb. into(out of) doing sth.说服某人做（不做）某事I argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey.我说服他不做这样危险的旅行。The teacher argued into the students back to classroom.课后汉译英：1决策者应该能够对将来作出最好的推测译文：Maker decision must make a best guess at what the future will be.2没有正确的选择就没有正确的决策译文：If there is no correct/right choice, there is no correct/right decision.3.不同的人对同样的问题有不同的看法，所以解决的办法也不同Different people hold different ideas about the same problem, so theirsolutions to the problem(may) also differ.语法：“as”1.as用作连词，引导状语从句As可以引导让步状况从句。由as引导的让步状况从句常采用倒装结构1）Try as I might, I couldnt lift the stone.尽管我想举起这块石头，可无论如何也举不起来。2）Change your mind as you will, you will gain no additional support.即使你改变主意，你也不会得到进一步的支持。3）Small as it is, the stone is very heavy.尽管很小，这石头却很重。Unit 2常考句子：1、Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of spaceinto whichmatter has fallen and fromwhich nothingcan escape.天文学家和科学家认为黑洞是一个空间区域，物质可以掉进这个区，但任何物质却不能从中逃脱。2、The theory isthatsome stars explode when their densityincreases toa particular point.这个理论就是，当某些星体的密度增大到某一特定时它们便发生爆炸；3、Some people think that the Start of Bethlehemcould have beena supernova.有些人认为圣诞星可能是一个颗超新星。Eg. I could have told you about it, but I dont remember it now.我可能给你说过这件事儿，但是我现在记不清了。4、If a manfell intoa black hole, hewould think thathe reached the center of it very quickly.如果一个人掉进黑洞，他会认为他很快就能到达黑洞的中心。5、It is only recentlythat astronomershave begunspecific research into black holes.（强调句，最近几年，用现在完成）只是在最近几年天文学家才开始对黑洞的具体研究。6Einstein claimed that the matter and energy are interchangeable, so that there is no “absolute” time and space.爱因斯坦声称物质和能量可以互换，因此不存在绝对的时间和空间。7、On the other hand, scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one daymake use ofthe energy of black holes for mankind.另一方面，科学家们也指出，非常先进的技术将来有朝一日能利用黑洞的能量造福人类。8They show us a world which operatesinatotally differentwayfrom our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.他们向我们展示一个运行方式与我们的世界完全不同的世界，同时还对我们的空间与时间的最基本认识提出质疑。Word study1Exert vt.尽（力）；发挥（威力）等；施加（压力）等；产生（影响等）He has exerted all his strength to attain his goal.他已尽了全力以达到自己的目标。He has been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my mind.他一直在施加种种压力要我改变主意。Theseprinciplesexerted great influence upon the course of therevolution.这些原则对革命进程产生了很大的影响。2LaunchVt.1.发射，投射；2.使（船）下水The hunter launched a spear at the wolf.猎人把矛向狼掷去。Vt./vi.发动，发起（运动等）Launch out into开始，着手进行The police launched an investigation into the case.警察对此案开展了调查。The research grouplaunched out into series of new experiments.研究小组着手进行了一系列的新实验。课后汉译英：1黑洞是什么，天文学家还没有完全解决这个问题Astronomers havent completely solved the problem of the question of what a black hole is.2.如果我们认识了黑洞，黑洞就不那么可怕了。If we understood black holes better, the would not be so fearful to us.3.他的身影消失在黑暗中His figure wasswallowed upin the dark.1（过去分词短语作原因状况）, van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.译文：Van.Wendal身患重病，他知道他没有希望康复，身体状况正在急剧恶化。before being given（介词后）a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands.3、The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject.4、What those people who oppose euthanasiadyingpeople havent the right.5“well, its not“情况并不像我在计划用机关枪杀一大群人似的”1.request“应”之要求，则为at sbs request.说明将按要求立即寄出。Ensure against/from：表示“保证免于”ensurethe witness警察能保证证人免受危险This measure ensures to/a voice in the matter.3Oppose vt. 1.反对，反抗；2.使相对，使对抗（to）由于代价过于高昂，使许多人都反对修一条新公路。她说的与事实完全相反4Burdenshe bore the whole burden of raising two children alone.Vt.使负重担；麻烦，劳累学生家庭作业负担过重。The girl decide to open up and tell us everything.1你知不知道荷兰是欧洲唯一允许施行安乐死的国家Unit 4常考句子：There are estimated to bemore than 20000 overseas domestic servants working inBritain.There引出的存在句中，谓语动词除be外，还可有exist, occur, come, live, stand, lie等。以及happen to be, seem to be, be likely to be, be bound to be在全国各地有一些类似的学校很可能遇到的困难比你想到的多。was executedinSingaporeadequately一名菲律宾女佣在被指控犯有谋杀罪之后被处死，虽然各地都抗议说她的犯罪事实不能充分确定。如果他们抱怨，他们将面临被驱逐的危险。it is, they say, the right to change employersfromslavery.Word studyThe student这个学生2. campaignOur country is launching a campaign against waste.Our country is launching a campaign environment protection.Vt.参加运动，参加竞选活动他们为使当地学校不致关闭而奔走活动。Vt.实行，执行，完成，贯彻；将处死这位钢琴家把这首曲子演奏得完美极了。审判后罪犯即被处死。1开发资源要适度2这个项目值得进一步调查3.无论她如何说，我也不相信这个消息B课文重点词汇Degrade：vt.降级，贬低；堕落；退化1、The new music新音乐是从已有的音乐中产生的。had beenan essentially black medium.3、Folk music, old and modern, was popular among college students.4、They freely他们自由地吸收爵士和美国乡村音乐的元素。put into words, was this.as best they could.极尽可能地模仿照明效果。1.transformationthe social and political transformation of a country is essential to the development of the society.2Originateall theories所有的理论都来源于实践，反过来为实践服务。这部电影取材于一篇短篇小说。origination: n.起源Lunxuns works were most penetrating and powerful.4Take overThey young doctor has taken over the duties of the old.Take onThe disease took on some special characteristics.B课文重点词汇Theme：n.题目，主题；主旋律Thematic：adj题目的，主题的；主旋律的Conventional: adj实验的；经验的Evident：adj.明显的，明白的。1Robots,throughoutprep.,adv.,机器人在所有发达国家的工厂和其他工业领域日益普遍行到应用。are employedin the automotive industry, where they are programmed to目前大多数的机器人被应用于汽车工业，它们按编好的程序承担汽车和卡车车身的焊接和喷漆这一类的工作taking overhuman tasks in the automotive field，are beginning to be seen,除了在汽车生产领域替代人工劳动外，机器人也开始在别的工业部门应用，虽然应用的程度上低一些。usedin nuclear power plants handle the radioactive materials,from being exposed to radiation.5.Robotsin thatafter completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one.In that是一个复合连接词，译为“在于”，“在方面”，“原因是”in thatit is closer to nature.Boys have an advantage over girls男孩子比女孩子有优势，在于他们的身体更强壮，更不怕这样的事。从事电子学和计算机技术的工程人员正在研制机器人的人工视觉。机器人有了看的能力后，便能在一堆不同类物体中识别和检查出某类物体。assembled witha sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions, will have plenty of work to do.9Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.Word studyHis wordslight onthe problem.2Expose tobe aware ofthe dangers oftoviolence on Tv.1. Observations and research findings indicate that people in advanced industrial societiesconcerned withopportunities for leisure and what they can do in their leisure time.2.Theattach to人们对带薪休假的重视和大众娱乐服务业的快速发展标志着人们对这一个问题的日益关注。（认为很重要，重视）We should attach primary importance to a firm and correct political.3.The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual.4.take toones interests and preferences and由于休闲基本上是由自己决定的，个人就可以培养自己的兴趣和爱好，并以能为自己带来享受和满足的方式从事某项活动。took tothe habit of smoking5In an urban society in which highly structured, fast-paced and stressful work looms large in life, experiences of a different nature,在城市社会中，结构严密，步调迅速，充满压力的工作笼罩着人们的生活，某种不同性质的经历，不管是看电视还是看鸟，都能导致自我更新和一种“平衡的”生活方式。Loom large:核战争的威胁压在人们的心头。be it television watching or bird-watching,Be5. Basically, such attitudes相当于should be put to good use.（）it can be argued that()itthatthe people; with whom we come into contact in these various contextsshapingour attitudes, interestsskills; relevant to how we handle leisureskillshow werelevant to可以说，我们在不同环境中所接触的人，都有可能在形成我们的态度、兴趣和甚至如何处理与休闲相关的技能等方面产生影响。7. For example,the ways in whicha school encourages participation in games, sports and cultural pursuits are likely toon the part ofthe students.8.Schools usually学校常常把实现人个均衡发展作为它们的教育目标。Setas学校应该把学生的全面发展作为自己的目标。对此追求越认真，就越可能鼓励人们对待休闲和学业持积极态度。1. The problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveler时差综合症是每个国际旅行者常会碰到的问题。The effects ofrapid travel on the body are actuallythanwe realize. (para.2)3. He lateronJet Lag. (para.3)4Essentially, they had been instantaneously transported toAmerica.5. Now that we understand what Jet lag is, we canovercomingit (para.4)6. The other belongs in our internal clocks which, left alone, would tie the body to a 25 hour yes, 25 另一个定时系统在我们的体内时钟内，它们在不受干扰时，会使人体有一个25小时是的，25小时的生理节奏。Leavealone：听其自然；不打扰，不管，不理He did not want to be他不愿永远做一件固定的工作。In timethe physiological system will reset itself, but it does take time. (para7)除作“及时”讲外，还有“经过适当时间；逐渐地；最终；迟早”are controlled bydifferent factors. (para.8)9. It is not feasible to wait four daysis used tothe new time zone. (para.9)汉译英：First of all, we should overcome ourselves1.Nation classified as aged when they have 7 percent of more of their people aged 65 or above. (para.1)2.The nearer a society approximates to zero population growth, the older its population is likely to be at least, for any future that concerns us now.3. To these now familiar facts a number of further facts may be added, some of them only recently recognized.4There is the appreciation of the salient historical truth that the aging of advanced societies has been a sudden change.5Taken together, these things have implications which are only beginning to be acknowledged.6.The older you are now, of course,greaterstill if you are a woman.thirties, you如果你现在30多岁，你应当知道，你可以指望活到60岁后再活上剩余生命的三分之一。Unit 10重点句子：try to projecta strong leadership image. (para.4)2.不过选民们是否接受这一形象更取决于外部因素而不是候选人的个人特征。(para. 4)此句注意主语从句作主语。dropped below40 percent.4.Candidates are particularly候选人特别关注在人口最多的几个州的州选举中获胜。compared withBushs 38 percent and Perots 19 percent.1. The use of animals使用动物对于麻醉学的发展很重要。is irrelevant toour health and it can often produce动物研究与我们的健康毫无相关，而且它经常会产生误导性的结果。人和动物对药物的反应和他们身体作用的方式都不同。It would becompletely如果把还没有彻底在动物身上实验过的药物用在人身上，那是完全不负责任和不符合伦理道德的。计算机模型的最终目标是要减少实验动物的数量。to be donein the test tube to see现在已有许多其它的新技术，可使更多的研究工作在试管中进行以便发现化学药品是否产生有害的生物效果。The number ofanimalshas declinedover the last 20 years. (para.8)（在过去20年中，用现在完成时。）8. Thispartly tothe fact that experiments are better designed so fewer need to be used. (para.8)9. Professor David Morton of the departmentis concerned withreducing animal suffering该系的David Morton教授正在进行动物研究并热心于尽可能地减轻动物遭受的痛苦。includes keepingthem in more suitable cages. (para.9)后面接动名词作宾语。involves cuttinga big nerve in a rats leg. involve后面接动名词作宾语。When it comes toresearch intoheart disease and its effects on the body, or diseases of the brain for example, we do not have adequateWhen it comes to当我们研究心脏病和它对身体的影响，或者大脑疾病，我们没有充分的代用品来替代动物13.stopping testingon animals altogether is随着研究技术日益先进，用于实验的动物数量可能减少，但距离完全停止用动物试验还为期遥远。1.她不知道她正受到警察的监视She seems afraid of losing her job.3.它显示了灿烂的中国古代文化Edisonfailed thousands of times before heEvery measure has been taken to reduce the tension of the market.6.为了保护孩子们，他献出了自己的生命Not having got enough hands, we had great difficulty inWhile I sympathize with your point of view I cannot accept it.9尽管他们之间存在分歧，他们的恋爱一定会成功Despitetheir difference, their love willThe rain having ruined my ht, I had to buy a new one.11这篇文章比我们预期的要难得多much moredifficultIsawhim.13.你走的时候如能把门关上，他将很感激I was very tired when you saw me yesterday becauseHow he managed to get there in time was still a mystery.16会议是否延期（这）无关紧要It is quite obvious that you need more practice.Its unbelievable that he has left without telling us.20现在的中国已经不是过去的中国We all know the fact that there are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term.22毫无疑问，他会帮助我们摆脱困难There is good evidence that heHe was the only person that survived the disaster.25.一个世纪过去了，在这期间这个国家不断遭受占乱之苦It was a century during whichthe country suffered continually from wars.26.你能给买本杂志好让我在路上看吗？For traveling I preferNorway, which is more mountains thanSweden.28.不管你愿意不愿意，你都得要求和经理会见29.你一旦开始，就必须继续下去He put down the telephone number lest he should forget it.15课1、暴力电影对学龄前儿童影响很大Violence films have great effect on preschool children2、家长应该监控孩子看电视的总量和种类Parents should monitor the amount and kind of television their children watch3、学龄前儿童还不能完全辨别事实和幻想Preschool children are not yet fully able to distinguish fantasy from reality4、孩子看电视时最好有家长在旁边指导When children watch TV, their parents had better sit beside and guide them5、事实证明，暴力电视节目对儿童的成长有不良影响It is proved that violence TV programs have bad effects on the growth of children1、和谈对两国的关系有着持久的影响The peace talk has a long-time effect on the relationship between the two countries2、假若健康情况良好，我希望今年完成这项工作Given good health, I hope to finish this work this year3、我必须指出不犯错误是不现实的I must point out that not making any mistakes is not realistic4、许多年轻人对足球很狂热Many young people are crazy about football5、我认为你的计划很好，可是有没有别的计划可以替代它呢？I think your plan is very good, but are there any alternatives to replace it?6、我们应该学会分清是非We should learn to distinguish right from wrong7、你可以对这个术语作多种解释You can interpret this technical term in many ways8、他对这件事采取坚定的态度He adopted a firm attitude towards the matter9、母亲的话暗示孩子们每星期可看两次电视Mothers words implied that the children could watch TV twice a week10、他的工作是监听某一外国的无线电广播His work is to monitor a foreign broadcast14课1、他们并没有意识到这种行为会干扰他人They are not aware that behavior. may bother others2、在公共场所应注意自己的言谈举止We should pay attention to our manners in public places3、好习惯是从小养成的Good habits are cultivated from childhood4、不遵守公众准则就无法与人交际You cant communicate with others if you dont observe social standards5、良好的态度有助于事业的成功Good manners help us to success in our career1、他在听那场长而无聊的报告时睡着了He fell asleep when he was listening to the long and boring report.2、他们甚至没有意识到这不是一种好习惯They are not even aware that this is not a good habit3、我们应该学会尊重对方，避免摩擦或冲突We should learn to respect the other side and avoid friction or conflict4、他们发誓不管发生什么，他们都会完成这项工作They swore they would finish this task no matter what happened5、那些不懂礼貌的人迟早要为此付出代价Those who dont know what politeness is will pay the price sooner or later6、我不渴。请不必费心为我泡茶Im not thirsty ,dont bother to make tea for me7、他对工作的态度深深地打动了我His attitude towards work impressed me deeply13课1、保险提醒我们生活在一个不安全的世界。Insurance reminds us that we live in a unsafe world.2、人们不乐意讨论保险的理由有三个。There are three reasons why people are unwilling to discuss insurance.3、买保险并不能完全依靠保险代理人。We should not depend entirely on the agent when we buy insurance4、尽管意外、疾病和死亡都是一些令人不愉快的话题，但我们应该面对它们。Although accidents, illness and death are not unpleasure subjects. but we should look them in the face.5、一个美国人每年为健康保险支付达二千美元。An American has to pay 2000 dollars for his health insurance every year.1、当陌生人站在你家门前时，你应该有所提防。You should be on guard it when a stranger is standing in front of your door2、事实上，我们找这本书的时间跟读这本书的时间差不多。In effect, we spent nearly as much time looking for the book as the time we spent reading it.3、她的信使我想起了我们曾一起度过的好时光。Her letter reminds me of the happy time we spent together4、除了少数专业保险人员外，大多数人不完全了解保险是什么。Excepts a few insurance professionals, most people dont have complete understanding of what insurance is.5、这个方法是经过验证的，它仍然是行之有效的。The method is proved. it is still effective.6、他充其量不过能做去年的一半那么多。At best, he can do half as much as what he did last year.7、我突然想起他已经两个月没交所得税了。It suddenly occurred to me that he hadnt paid income tax for two mouths.8、他在这所学院主修发动机工艺。He majors in engine technology in this college.12课1、一本好字典应定期增补新内容。A good dictionary should be supplemented with new things regularly2、字典中每个词条的编纂均以某一原则为基础The edition of every word in a dictionary should be based on a certain rule3、编字典的工作是从阅读大量材料做读书卡开始的The work of writing a dictionary begins with the reading of large amounts of material and the making of cards4、并不是所