初一 名词、形容词与副词.doc

天空教育 初一英语 专题二 词汇 第二课 数词与时间、日期的表达方式1、 数词 数词分为基数词和序数词两种。表示数目或数量多少的词叫基数词；表示数目顺序的词叫序数词。 基数词：（1） 几十几的基数词的十位数与个位数之间要用连字符“-”连接。如：eighty-five 85 twenty-six 26 （2） 三位数的基数词须在百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间用and连接。如：three hundred and sixty-five 365 two hundred and six 206 （3） 基数词的复数形式。当基数词hundred, thousand, million, billion等词前有具体数词或several修饰时，必须用单数。如：several hundred years ago（4） 表示“几十年代”或“几十岁”时，用逢十的基数词的复数形式。如：in the 1990s 20世纪90年代；in ones twenties在某人20多岁时 （5） in twos and threes三三两两地 序数词：（1） 多位数的基数词变成序数词时，只需将末位基数词变成序数词，前边的基数词不变。如：forty-two 42 forty-second第42；nine-hundred 900 nine-hundredth第900（2） 当序数词用阿拉伯数字表示时，必须在数字后加上序数词的最后两个字母。如： 21st第21；32nd第32 （3） 序数词前一般要用定冠词the，如果序数词前用a或an时，则表示“又一；再一”（没有具体范围的限制）。如： The little monkey had had three apples, and he wanted to eat a fourth one.那只小猴子已经吃了3个苹果，他还想再吃一个。分数：（1） 分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词。如：one fifth五分之一； one tenth十分之一 （2） 当分子大于1时，分母用序数词的复数。如：two thirds三分之二；five eighths八分之五 （3） 当分子是1时，可以用one也可以用a。如： a second = one second （4） 当分母是2和4时，分别可以用half和quarter代替。如：a half二分之一 three quarters四分之三百分数： 百分数用percent表示。如：forty percent百分之四十；three percent百分之三当分数、百分数修饰可数名词的复数时，谓语动词用复数形式；当分数、百分数修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： Eighty percent of the students in our school come from Hainan . 我们学校百分之八十的学生来自河南。 Two thirds of the water on the earth is sea water.地球上三分之二的水是海水。倍数： （1） 表示“几倍大小（长短；数量）”，由“倍数+ the size（length, amount.）”结构组成。如：The earth is forth-nine times the size of the moon.（2） 表示“比大几倍”，由“倍数+形容词（副词）比较级+ than +被比较部分”结构组成。如： This box is three times bigger than that one.（3） 表示“是倍”，由“倍数+ as +形容词+ as +被比较部分”结构组成。如： Our factory is twice as big as theirs. 2、 时间与日期的表达方式1.所有的时间都可以用“小时 + 分钟”直接读：6:10 six ten、8:30 eight thirty、2:40 two forty2.如果所表述的时间在半小时之内，可以用“分钟 + past + 小时”：6:10 ten past six、4:20 twenty past four、10:25 twenty-five past ten3.如果所表述的时间在半小时之内，可以用“（相差的）分钟 + to + （下一）小时”：10:35 twenty-five to eleven、5:50 ten to six、9:49 eleven to ten4.如果所表述的时间恰好为半小时，可以用“half + past + 小时”：11:30 half past eleven、2:30 half past two5.如果所表述的分钟和15有关，就有三种表达法：（15分钟又叫一刻钟：a quarter）9:15 - nine fifteen ; fifteen past nine ; a quarter past nine3:45 - three forty-five ; fifteen to four ; a quarter to four6.整点：现在是两点整。Its two.、Its two oclock.、Its two oclock sharp.、Its two oclock on the dot.、Its two oclock on the nose.、Its exactly two oclock.另外英语中的 noon 和 midnight 可分别直接表示白天和夜晚的12点：Its (twelve) noon. 现在是中午十二点。Its (twelve) midnight. 现在是半夜零点。7.大约时间：Its almost two. 马上到两点了。、Its not quite two. 还不到两点。、Its just after two. 刚过两点。*若想表明是上午，可在时间后加上a.m.，如：thirteen past six a.m.（上午六点十三分）。若想表明是下午，可在时间后加上p.m.，如：four oclock p.m.（下午四点）。1. Its nine forty-five. (Its a quarter to ten.)2. Its two seventeen. (Its seventeen past two.)3. Its three. (Its three oclock.)4. Its nine thirty. (Its half past nine.)5. Its six fifteen. (Its a quarter past six.)6. Its three fifty. (Its ten to four.)8.世纪1) 用“定冠词+序数词+century”表示例：在十七世纪、写作：in the 17th century、读作：in the seventeenth century2) 用“定冠词+百位进数+s”表示例：在十七世纪写作：in the 1600s、读作：in the sixteen hundreds注意：这种情况下，实际表达的世纪数是阿拉伯数字本身加一。9. 年代用“定冠词+(世纪百位进数+十位年代数)+s”表示例：在二十世纪三十年代、写作：in the 1930s、读作：in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期，可以在定冠词后添加early, mid-和late，例如：在二十世纪二十年代早期 in the early 1920s；在二十世纪五十年代中期 in the mid-1950s10. 年月日A. 年份读年份时一般分为两个单位来读，前两个数为一个，后两个数为一个：1949 读作：nineteen forty-nine或nineteen hundred and forty-nine如果是三位数，先读第一位，再把后两个数合起来读：253 读作：two fifty-three或two hundred and fifty-three另外： 2000 读作：two thousand，1902 读作：nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two如果要使用year，year放在数词之前，例如：in the year two fifty-three B.C. 在公元前253年B. 月份 月份是专有名词，除了少数几个月份外都有缩写形式：January - Jan. 一月 February - Feb. 二月 March - Mar. 三月 April - Apr. 四月 August - Aug. 八月 September - Sept. 九月October - Oct. 十月 November - Nov. 十一月 December - Dec. 十二月注意：缩写形式后面的点不能省略，因为它是表示缩写形式的符号。C. 日期：用序数词表示例：十月一日写作：October 1, October 1st, 1 October, 1st October, (the) 1st of October等，其中的October都可以写成缩写形式Oct.读作：October the first或the first of OctoberD. 年月日用英语表达年月日的顺序：1) 月日年例：2002年1月17日写作：January 17(th), 2002或Januaryseventeenth, 2002（日和年之间需用逗号隔开）读作：January the seventeenth, two thousand and two2) 日月年 例：2002年1月17日写作：17(th) January, 2002或the seventeenth of January, 2002（月和年之间需用逗号隔开）读作：the seventeenth of January, two thousand and two介词的使用：若指在哪一年或哪一月，用介词in；若具体到某一天，需用介词on。例如：She was born in 1989.She was born in August.She was born in August 1989.She was born on 2nd August, 1989.时间介词有in，on，at，after，since，during，by，before，after，until等，前三个介词用法有个口诀：at午夜、点与分，上午、下午、晚用in；年、月、年月、季节、周，之前加上介词in；将来时态多久后，这些情形亦用in；日子、日期、年月日，星期之前要用on.一、 日期1. datedate意为“日期”，用于问句时，回答要具体地说出某日，也可包括某月或某年。但不要与day相混，day是指“星期几”。比较：A: Whats the date today?B: Its 5 July, 2006.A: What day is it today?B: Its Friday.另外，我们知道汉语中日期的写法是从年到月到日这个顺序排列，而英语中日期的写法可以从月、日到年，也可从日、月再到年。例如：2006年8月30日的英文写法可以是August 30, 2006，也可以是30 August, 2006。2. oldold主要有以下几种用法：（1）表示“岁数大的”，如：get old变老，old Tom老汤姆（汤姆爷爷）；（2）表示年龄，相当于age，如：How old are you? 你多大了？（而不是“你有多老了？”）又如：Im twenty years old. 我二十岁了。（3）表示“旧的”，与“新的”相对。如：a pair of old shoes一双旧鞋。( ) 1. Lincoln was born on _. A. February 12, 1809 B. 1809, February 12 C. 1809, 12 February D. February 1809,12 ( ) 2. A _ boy can sing the English song very well. A. ten-years-old B. ten years old C. ten-year-old D. fifth years old ( ) 3. Lincoln was _ President of the United States. A. 16 B. the 16 C. 16th D. the 16th ( ) 4. Do you think there is any room for us _ ? A. two B. the two C. second D. the second ( ) 5 How many students are there in your class? _. A. Twenty nine B. Thirty and two C. Forty-five D. fifties ( ) 6. Which number is wrong? _. A. Ninety B. Ninteen C. Ninth D. Nineteenth ( ) 7. The number 4,123 is read _. A. four thousand one hundred and twenty-three B. four thousand and one hundred twenty-three C.four thousand and a hundred and twenty-three D. four thousands a hundred and twenty-three ( ) 8. The old professor still works hard though he is _. A. in his sixty B. in his sixties C. in sixties D. in the sixty ( ) 9. This classroom is _ ours. A. three times big as B. as three times big as C. three times as big as D. as big three times as ( ) 10. Which is the car that he drives? Its _. A. fifty two B. the fifty-two cars C. the car fifty four D. the fifty-fourth car ( ) 11. Which of the following is wrong? _. A. He is a fifteen-year-old boy. B. He is at the age of 15. C. He is a boy of 15. D. He is fifteen year old. ( ) 12. Our school is not very big. There are only _ students. A. nine hundreds of B. nine hundred C. nine hundreds D. nine hundred of ( ) 13. How many new words are there in _ lesson? There are only _. A. five; fifth B. fifth; five C. the fifth; the five D. the fifth; five ( ) 14. _, Coca-Cola began to enter Chinas market. A. In 1970s B. In 1970s C. In the 1970s D. In the 1970s ( )15. There was no bus in that small town. We had a _. A. ten miles walk B. ten-mile walk C. ten miles walk D. tenth mile walk ( )16. Monday is the first day and _. A. Tuesday is fourth B. Thursday is the fourth C. second is Tuesday D. a second is Thursday ( ) 17. Which room do you live in? _. A. The 201 Room B. Room 201 C. Room 201st D. The 201s Room( ) 18. Three _ five is eight. A. plus B. minus C. times D. divided by ( ) 19. Three _ seven is twenty-one. A. plus B. minus C. times D. divided by ( ) 20. Forty-two _ seven is six.A. plus B. minus C. times D. divided by时间与日期的表达：( )1. Children get gifts _ Christmas and _ their birthdays.A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on( )2.-There is nothing _tomorrow afternoon, is there?-No. We can have a game of table tennis. A. on B. in C. out D. up( ) 3. A lot of students in our school were born_March, 1981.A. in B. at C. on D. since( )4. He suddenly returned_ a rainy night.A. on B. at C. in D. during( )5. My grandfather was born_Oct. 10, 1935.A. on B. in C. at D. of( )6. The train is starting_five minutes.A. in B. at C. for D.still( )7. Mike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening.A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on( )8. Children wake up very early_the morning of Christmas Day.A. in B. on C. for D. at( )9 _ a cold winter morning, I met her in the stfeet.A. In B. On C. At D. For( )10 It happened to be very cold_ the morning of our sports meeting.A. at B. on C. with D. of( )11. Why did you get up so early _ this morning.A. on B. / C. at D. in( )12. He went to Shanghai_ September 3, 1991 and came back_ a cold morning last year.A. in; on B. on; in C. on; on D. in; ia( )13. Lucy was born_ the night of May 12, 1984. . .A. on B. in C. at D. to( )14. Mrs Brown came to China _ 1996.A.on B. of C. to, D. in( )15 _ the morning of November 20, 1915, the workers came to Chicago to show their mourning of Joe Hill.A. On B. In C. On D. At( )16. Ann moved_Hangzhou_September, 1992.A. /; in B. to; in C. to; on D, in; in( )17. They started off_an autumn afternoon.A. during B. at C. in D. on( )18. He often goes _ school _ six thirty _ the morning.A. for; to; in B. to; at; in C. to; for; at D, for; at; to( )19. He arrived _ Shanghai _ 9: 30 _ March 5. A. at; in; at B. to; on; at C. in; on; at D. in; at; on( )20.The English teacher told me to get there_ half past ten.A: in B. at C. on D. OfCarol and Susan are very good friends They are in the same _1_ at school and they often visit _2_ home at weekends (周末). Now they are _3_ eight years old. Carols mother has got a new baby. Carol is very _14_ to have a little sister. So she is always talking about her to Susan. At first she is very _5_ in the new baby because she doesnt have any brothers or sisters. But _6_ some time she begins to get tired of Carols endless talking (喋喋不休地谈论) about it. She also fells a little jealous (嫉妒) of her friend. One morning when the two girls _7_ in the school ground, Carol says to Susan, Do you _8_, Sue, my baby sister has put on nearly half a pound in weight (体重增加了半磅) this week. That is not very _9_. answers Susan. I know a baby and he puts on ten pounds a day. Oh, that cant be _10_. answers Carol laughingly. Whose baby is it An elephants says Susan. 1. A. grade B. table C. class D. group 2. A. each others B. their C. Theirs D. each other 3. A. All B. Two C. both D. either 4. A. angry B. sorry C. surprised D. glad 5. A. Interesting B. interested C. happy D. satisfied 6. A. before B. for C. after D. at 7. A. play B. meet C. Weight D. walk 8. A. hear B. Think C. find D. know 9. A. much B. many C. few D. little 10. A. impossible B. wrong C. true D. sure Bob and Sue are in the same school, 1 they are in different 2 . They go to school on weekdays. 3 school , Bob and Sue often play games with 4 friends.Classes begin 5 eight in the morning. Now Bob and sue are in their classrooms. They are listening to their 6 . Bobs studying English. His teacher is talking 7 English. Sues 8 a Chinese class. Her teacher is talking 9 writing. They study hard. They love their teachers and they like their 10 .l. A. but B. and C. or D. when 2. A. classes B. class C. lesson D. lessons 3. A. In B. When C. To D. At 4. A. his B. her C. other D. their 5. A. about B. in C. at D. on 6. A. friends B. father C. teacher D. teachers 7. A. with B. at C. in D. for 8. A. having B. listening C. getting D. sitting in 9. A. at B. about C. for D. like 10. A. home B. family C. school D. clothes AMany students in China are learning English. Some of these students are small children. Others are teenagers(十几岁的青少年). Many are adults. Some learn at school, others study by themselves. A few learn English language (语言)over the radio, on television, or in films. One must work hard to learn another language.Why do all these people want to learn English? It is difficult to answer that question. Many boys and girls learn English at school because it is one of their subjects. They study their own language and maths and English . Some people learn English because it is useful for their work. Many people often learn English for their higher studies, because at college or university(大学) some of their books are in English. Other people learn English because they want to read newspaper and magazines in English. ( )1. Many students in China are learning English, arent they? _.A. No, they arent B. No, they areC. Yes, they are D. Yes, they arent( )2. If one wants to learn another language well, he must _.A. learn at school B. study by himselfC. work hard D. study hard( )3. The sentence It is difficult to answer that question means _.A. that question is not difficult to answer B. that question is difficult to answer itC. it is difficultly to answer that question D. it is hard to answer that question( )4. Their own language means _.A. Chinese B. English C. French D. Japanese( )5. Whats the Chinese of study by themselves?A. 和他们一起学习 B. 自学C. 向他们学习 D. 通过学习 BOnce upon a time, there lived a rich man. He had a servant (仆人). He and the servant loved wine and good food very much. Each time the rich man left his home, the servant would drink the wine and eat up all the nice food in the house. T