制作令人印象深刻的PPT.doc

Creating effective presentations: OverviewA slight pause follows your last spoken word, and then the audience leaps to its feet, with hands clapping and faces smiling. Your presentation was an overwhelming success!This dream does not have to be interrupted by your alarm clock. With the proper preparation, planning, and practice, you can create and deliver engaging, effective presentations.At IBM, presentations are used as a communication tool, and preparing and delivering presentations are important job tasks for many IBM employees. Effective presentations offer the following benefits: They provide a consistent message in an organized manner. They allow for feedback and questions. They can influence decisions and behavior. They are usually supported by graphics, examples, and anecdotal information.This QuickView supplements the Management Development Making a Presentation - Harvard Business School Publishing QuickView. The Management Development QuickView details the critical steps and materials necessary for delivering effective presentations by addressing the following topics: The Purpose of Presentations Preparing for a Presentation Determining Content and Structure Using Visuals Presenting Effectively Rehearsing Handling Questions Making Group PresentationsCreating effective presentations: BasicsThe information about creating and delivering a presentation in the Management Development Making a Presentation - Harvard Business School Publishing QuickView is supplemented by this QuickView. Use the information in this section to help you make a presentation to an audience that is not colocated.In todays business environment of limited time and reduced travel budgets, it is important for employees to have effective telepresenting skills. The following links offer information about telepresenting.At e-meetings, you can find information about the following services: Web conferences, which provide shared visuals and are used with audio conferences Webcasts, which are live events intended for a mass audience and are viewed either at a workstation using a media player or over the IBM television network Audio conferences, which are teleconferences or conference calls and are the most familiar type of e-meeting Video conferences, which enable you to see other participants while you are viewing the presentation If you are unsure about which medium to use, e-meetings Advisor can help you decide.Creating effective presentations: StepsThe Management Development Making a Presentation - Harvard Business School Publishing QuickView provides the following information to help you create and deliver an effective presentation: Steps for Making a Presentation, which lists five steps, from defining your objective to practicing and evaluating your performance Steps for Preparing Visuals, which instructs you how to choose the right medium, how to design and create visuals, and how to rehearseCreating effective presentations: ResourcesSee the following resources for more information about creating and delivering effective presentations:Presentation Central is an all-in-one resource designed to help every IBMer who has to speak in front of a group. This resource provides all the tools and advice you need to prepare and deliver effective presentations, whether you are addressing a few colleagues or a large crowd at a trade show or conference. Presentation Central offers the following resources: Presentation Methodology, which provides information about how to plan, prepare, and present your message Presentation Templates, which provides standardized IBM templates and step-by-step guidelines for using them Presentation Series, which offers a library of up-to-date presentations on cross-company, strategic initiativese-Speech is a one-stop, do-it-yourself virtual speech and presentation building site.How do you maintain audience interest throughout a presentation? How can you underscore the key points of your message without repeating it over and over again? One answer to these questions lies in the effective use of equipment, both visual and nonvisual. The course, Using Presentation Equipment Effectively, EDE046, at IBM Global Campus gives you a solid background in the importance of using visual aids to enhance the effectiveness of a presentation. You will learn about the different kinds of visual media and associated graphic principles you can apply to make your presentations memorable and exciting. You will also explore the nonvisual equipment you can use to create a smooth, effective delivery. Finally, you will see how multimedia is playing an increasingly important role in a changing presentation world.The Management Development Making a Presentation - Harvard Business School Publishing QuickView offers the following resources: Notes and Articles Books The Key to Making Better Presentations: Audience Analysis by Michael HattersleyCreating effective presentations: Tips/TrapsTipsThe following tips supplement the information located in the Tips/Traps section of the Management Development Making a Presentation - Harvard Business School Publishing QuickView.Tips for defining the purpose and objective of a presentationTips for analyzing the audienceTips for creating a presentation openingTips for organizing the body of a presentationTips for generating a strong closingTips for reducing the fear associated with giving a presentationTips for defining the purpose and objective of a presentationDefining the purpose and objective of a presentation is the most important part of creating a presentation because it answers the questions, What am I trying to accomplish, and why is this presentation worth the audiences time? The type of presentation that you prepare depends upon the business need that you are attempting to meet. The objective of a presentation must be identified and refined before you begin to prepare your presentation. Consider the following points about your objective: The objective defines what you want the audience to know, do, or feel as a result of the presentation. The objective should be observable, measurable, and attainable by your audience.back to top of pageTips for analyzing the audienceCompleting an audience analysis provides you with the information you need to deliver a message that the audience will understand, will be interested in, and to which it will respond. Before preparing your presentation, find the answers to the following questions about your audience: How many people are attending? What are their job responsibilities? How much time do they have? Where are they located? Why are they attending your presentation? What is their attitude about the topic? What is important to them? Why might the presentation be of value to them? What are their expectations of your presentation? What are their primary issues and business needs relative to your presentation topic? What is their experience with and knowledge level of the presentation topic? Why would they listen to you? What motivates or engages them? What do they like and dislike about past presentations? How can they best participate in the presentation?back to top of pageTips for creating a presentation openingUse the following techniques to capture the audiences attention when you are creating the opening of your presentation: Use quotations, comments, questions, relevant stories, motivational examples, rhetorical questions, declarative statements, real job situations, scenarios, anecdotes, challenging statements, or open discussion. Communicate the benefits and value of your presentation from the audiences viewpoint to answer the question, Whats in it for me? back to top of pageTips for organizing the body of a presentationContent organization is critical to a successful presentation, and selecting the appropriate organizational structure is a key to success. The following are common organizational structures: Organize the body of a presentation based upon the content and the purpose, and be sure to use summary checkpoints throughout your delivery. The following are common organizational structures: Chronological. With this approach, you organize the content in a chronological sequence from earliest to latest. Dates are used as the basis for presenting key points. The chronological approach works well with a series of events or time-sensitive processes. Priority. When there are several key points, cover them in some type of priority to keep the audience oriented. This approach links to recency and promacy rules, which means that people tend to remember the first point and the last point in any given presentation. Depending upon the audience, the priority can be least important to most critical or most important to least critical. Geographical, regional, or spatial. This approach is used when key points can be linked to geographical or spatial relationships. Examples are presenting a new corporate organization or a global process that might have geography-specific issues or differences, and presenting sales programs that have geography-specific differences. Topical. In this approach, you introduce a specific topic and present the subtopics in a logical manner. In most cases, the topical approach is used when providing general information. Problem and solution. With this approach, you describe the problem or issue and then present the recommended solution or options in a meaningful way to encourage the audience to reach the conclusion logically. Scenario. This approach is similar to problem and solution, but it begins with a scenario that might not be a problem. The scenario provides the basis for discussion or for linking key points to a real-world situation. General to specific. With this approach, you present a high-level overview first and then discuss the specific details. If this approach is used, end by linking the specifics back to the high-level overview. Benefits and features. This approach works well for making a presentation about products and services that can be categorized easily into features. Present each feature, and then state the benefits and value to the audience. This approach is effective for sales presentations. Focus on whats in it for me from the audiences viewpoint when describing the benefits. Logical flow. This approach works well for processes, such as problem solving. Start with the facts and assumptions, and logically work to a conclusion. This approach tends to work well with audiences that have technical backgrounds. Effective transitions help keep the audience engaged and help with the content flow. Use transitions to segue smoothly from one topic to another. Transitions can include statistics, gestures, verbal intonation, and short attention-capturing statements. Keep the audience involved by providing meaningful, appealing visual support; by using voice, gesture, and movement techniques; by maintaining eye contact; by using activities; and by asking questions. Plan for a question and answer (Q&A) session with the audience. Holding a Q&A session at the end of your presentation enables you to maintain control of the content flow and ensures that the listeners have all the information before they ask questions. A Q&A session during your presentation keeps people interested and involved, but it might cause you to lose control of the content flow. A Q&A session at predetermined points during your prese