Unit1 Great scientists练习.docxVIP

Unit1 Great scientists一、词性转化1. characteristic (n.)特征，特性 character(n.)性格，特点2.painter (n.)画家，油漆匠 paint(n.) 涂料 painting(n.)油画3.scientific (adj.)科学的 science（n.）科学 scientist(n.)科学家4.conclude（v.）推断出，结束 conclusion（n.）结论，结束conclusive（adj.）结论性的，确凿的5.pollute（v.）污染，弄脏pollution（n.）污染polluted（adj.）被污染的6. certainly（adj.）certainty(n.)肯定 certain（adj.）肯定的7.analyse（v.）分析analysis（n.）分析8. infect（v.）传染，感染 infection(n.)传染，感染infectious(adj.)传染的9.create（v.）创造，创建creation(n.) 创造，创建creative(adj.)有创造力的10.announce（v.）宣布，提名announcer(n.)主持人announcement（n.）通知二、重点词语学习：1. put forward 提出(意见、建议)；推荐；提名；将表拨快与put相关的其他短语put aside 放在一边；储存；保留put in打断；插嘴；进港put off 推迟；延期put on 穿；上演put away 放好；收好put down写下；镇压put on weight发福，发胖put out生产、扑灭；熄火put up建造；举起；张贴put back 放回，送回Put an end to 结束，终止 put up with忍受补全句子：1. He often forgets to the campfires, which can easily cause fires.2. It is wise and necessary to some money for old age.3. Because of the terrible weather, the flight to Guangzhou had to be .4. At the meeting, she a piece of advice that the victim should be taken care of. 1. Put out 2. Put away 3. Put off 4. Put forward 2. conclude v.结束；推断出；决定（1）conclude作及物动词，意为“结束；断定；决定”。（2）conclude作不及物动词，意为“结束；断定；决定”。to conclude（作插入语）最后conclusion作名词，意为“结束，结论”reach/make/draw/arrive at/come to a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 最后，总之 conclude .from从.中推断出1. ，Id like to say how much Ive enjoyed staying here.2. These reasons are not enough to .3. What can you these facts.4. It is difficult how she feels when hearing the good news.1. In conclusion 2. draw a conclusion 3. conclude from 4.to conclude3. defeatv. & n.打败；战胜defeat sb./sth.击败某人或某事；be defeated被打败了1）defeat，beat与win作“打败”解时的区别:beat与defeat的宾语是“人”；defeat的宾语常指“敌人”，Beat后接人或集体，在游戏或比赛中打败或战胜对手；win后的宾语多用game，war，prize, match,等词(注意win的宾语不能是人) 。2）作“打”之意时 beat，hit与strike的区别： beat强调“连续地打”；hit表示“打一下”；而strike则表示“一次有力的打击” （1）. Finally our army _ the enemy. （2）. We them in the game last Sunday. （3） . Our basketball finally the match 1.defeated; 2.beat 3.won 4. attend v. 参加，出席，照顾，看护辨析 attend / join / take part in / join in attend一般指参加会议、典礼，去听课、听报告等。如：attend the meeting / conference / lecture / school / ceremony .join 加入某团体、组织（如军队、党派）、一群人、游戏等当中。如：join the party / army / club / team / sb. .take part in 参加某项活动。如：take part in the discussion / movement / revolution / meeting / conference / conversation / debate / war .join in 参加某项活动。如：join in the game / discussion / conversation .。join sb. in (doing) sth. 指和其他人一起参加某项活动。1. They danced and danced until a lot of us .2. John always many school activities.3. All children are required to school.4. His son the army last year.Is it necessary for me to the meeting?Key:1.joined in 2.takes part in 3.attended 4. joined 5.attend 5. expose vt.显露；露出；暴露；揭露；使曝光expose sth. to sb.揭发 expose oneself to sbs influence使自己受某人的影响。exposeto= be exposed to暴露于之下（之中），be exposed to view暴露无遗，被展示，暴露expose a fraud揭穿骗局be exposed to all kinds of weather经受风吹雨打exposed adj. 暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的exposedness n. 暴露，显露expose sth. to the light of day把某事暴露于光天化日之下1. The baby was left_ _ the wind and rain.2. _to the sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin. 3. To those who HIV, we should not look down upon them.1. exposed to , 2. Being exposed 3. are exposed to6. Cure.v. 治愈/好，改正 n. 疗程，措施cure sb. of 消除。治愈。 a cure for针对。的治疗Parents tried to the children bad habits.Though the society is developing fast,there is still such a disease.It is not easy for the physicians to （治愈这种严重的疾病）cure of ； no cure for；cure the severe sickness7. absorb vt.吸收；吸引 absorbed adj.精神集中的 absorbing adj.十分吸引人的1. 吸收（液体，气体，光，声等）2. 汲取，理解（知识等）3.使全神贯注；吸引（注意等）后常接介词in/by 4. 合并（公司等）；吞并。常接介词into 5. 承受；经受be absorbed in sth./doing sth.=put ones heart into专注；全神贯注于 absorb.from sth 从吸收1. He found his uncle reading.2. She was so _ in her book that she didnt notice it was raining.3. So many good ideas! Its too much for me all at once.1. was absorbed in 2.absorbed 3. to absorb 8. blame v.责备；指责 n. 过失，责任【用法解读】blame sb. for sth./doing sth.因为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事blame sth. on sb.把某事归咎于某人be to blame (for) 应（为）承担责任；该（为）受责备（此处不能用被动语态）accept/bear/take the blame for sth.对某事负责任 put/lay the blame for sth. on sb.将某事归咎于某人1. I feel it is your husband who_ for the spoiled child.2. Many children are afraid of making mistakes in speaking English很多孩子怕说英语时犯错误而受责备3. The police the traffic accident Jacks careless driving（把.故归咎于.）4. _ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. 1.is to blame. 2. being blamed for 3. blamed on 4. Blamed 9. link v. 把与连接；联系。 n. 联系；连接；环Linkto/and /with 把。与。联系/连接起来 a link with.和。的一个联系或纽带 a link between 在。之间的一个联系或纽带1. The camera can a computer.2. The presidents visit set up the two countries.3. The department is interested in developing closer the industry.1.be linked to 2.a link between 3.links with10. apart from 除之外 1)from是介词，后面要跟名词、代词或动名词。2)apart from也可以表示“脱离开” Apart from a few faults，he is a trustworthy teacher.除了少数的几个缺点外，他是个值得信赖的老师There can be no knowledge apart from practice.没有知识能脱离实践。【归纳比较】 apart from/except for/except/except that /besides/in addition to1）apart from在表“除外（别无）”时相当于besides和except for,但apart from还有“除以外（还）”之意。另外，apart from, except for都可用于句首，但except不能。2）except“除”（不包括其后的宾语），besides“除了还”（包括其后的宾语）。另外，besides还可以作副词“并且，而且” 3）but for表示“如果不是由于”之意（=If it were not for或If it had not been for）。4) in addition to =besides= as well as “除之外，还有”（包括除去内容在内）5）except that 后面跟句子，用来表示理由或细节【即学即用】（1）We go there every day _ Monday. (2) He is a good man _his bad temper. (3) Your article is good _there are some spelling mistakes. (4) _ the cost, it will take a lot of time. (5) _that, everything goes well.9 .1.except; except for/apart from; except that; Apart from/Besides; Apart from/Except for11.be severe on/with sb.对。严厉或严格 severe 用作形容词，意为“严重的；严肃的”时，和serious相近；意为“严厉的；严格的”时，与strict 相近，常用结构 be severe on (upon) / with sb. =be strict with sb.表示“对某人严厉或严格” be strict in sth/doing sth.对做什么事严格 be strict with和be strict in都是“对要求严格”之意，前者接人,后者接物。in the strict sense严格说来 strictly speaking 严格地说 1. She is very strict not only _all of us, but _ all her own work.2. He his children1. with, in 2. is severe/strict with 12. look into调查，了解，研究；朝里面看look into ones face/eyes等连用，表示“注视” 。look around/round/about环顾四周look after照顾；照料 look back回头看 look back + to/upon/on回顾；回想 look down upon俯视；轻视look for寻求；寻找look forward to盼望 look on旁观 look on/upon.as把看作look out往外看；注意；当心 look through透过看；浏览look up抬头看；查阅1. When she married the boss, she the office girls she had worked with.2. It is reported that the police will soon _ the case of two missing children.3. I hearing from you as soon as possible.1. Looked down upon 2. look into 3. look forward to 12. prevent /stop sb. (from) doing sth.=keep sb. from doing sth阻止某人做。We were prevented/stopped/kept from going home by the heavy rain.13. Make sense 讲得通，有意义make sense of 弄懂。的意思，理解 in a sense 在某种意义/程度上，in no sense 绝不Theres no/little sense in doing sth.做某事没有意义 have a sense of 有。感Eg: Why did she do a thing like that? It doesnt seem to .Can you what this author says?Your brother (很有幽默感)make sense, make sense of，has a good sense of humor14.lead to 通向，导致,造成=result in=cause=bring aboutLead sb. To 领某人。 Lead /live a .life 过着。的生活Eg: Hard work can success.His carelessness the accident.The old man (过着幸福的生活) lead to , led to ，leads a happy life三、重点句型1So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每当（疾病）突发时，总有成千的人死去本句是一个复合句，every time引导的是一个时间状语从句，意思是“当”，相当于when类似的时间状语归纳：each time 每次；每当at the time 在时候 any/next/the first/the last time 意为“任何/下一次/第一次/最后一次”the moment /the minute /the second/the instant/immediately/directly/instantly等都可以引导时间状语从句。“一就”1. I fell in love with her _ _ I saw her.2. I put forward an idea, he was always against me.1.the moment /the minute /the second/the instant/immediately/directly/instantly2. Every/Each time 2He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.他对两个可能解释关于霍乱为什么能致人于死地的理论感兴趣1）how 引导的特殊疑问句是宾语从句。2）he became interested in two theories 是主句。3）主句是“主系表”结构：become在此处为系动词，意为“变得；成为”，表示的是动态过程，become ill表示“患病；得病”。通常be+形容词意为“病了；病着”，则表示静态。除此之外，常见的系表结构还有：get tired意思是“感觉累，感觉疲惫”；get happy, get angry；get lost(迷路)；get married(结婚)；get used to(习惯于)；get tired(累了)；get dressed(穿好衣服)；get angry(发怒) 。 “turn形容词”，“become形容词”，“keep+形容词”。如：turn white(变白), become fatter and fatter(变得越来越胖), keep open(保持开着) 等等【高考链接】Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.(NMET 1998)A. payB. paying C. paid D. to pay （答案：C） 3The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.suggest vt.建议，提议（所接从句用虚拟语气）。suggest (to sb.) that-clause (向某人)建议。She suggested that we should have lunch at the new restaurant. suggest + doing 建议。May I suggest doing it in another way? suggest sth. to sb. 向某人提议。They suggested another shop to us. suggest vt.暗示，表明（所接从句不用虚拟语气）。 suggest sth. 暗示、表明。That girls sun-tanned face suggests excellent health.那个姑娘被太阳晒黑了的脸表明她身体非常健康。 suggest + that-clause 暗示、表明。Her expression suggested that he had told a lie 她的表情表明撒了慌。 suggestion, advice, proposal均作“建议”讲，所接同位语从句和表语从句也要用虚拟语气。My suggestion/advice is that we (should) go to the cinema together.1） The parents suggested _ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. having slept答案为C。3It seemed the water was to blame. It seems that = sb./sth.seems to 似乎。Eg. no one knows how to cure the disease= how to cure the disease.Key: It seems that, No one seems to know“be十不定式”的用法1） 主语为 dream， wish， idea， job，work， duty ，plan等名词时，“be to do”是系表结构，表示主语是什么。不定式表示的动作在渭语动词之后发生。如：His wish was to be a teacherTheir plan is to finish building the house within a week. 2）主语是“人”时，“be to do”表示主语（计划、意图、安排）干什么。如：Im to meet him at the station. 我将到火车站接他。 3)注定要发生的事。He was later to be a great inventor. 4. A woman,who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.此句中who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰woman, have sth+宾语补足语（过去分词，现在分词，省to不定式）请/让别人做某事Eg: I had my watch (repair) yesterday. Please dont have the lights (burn)all the time. I would have you (help) repair my bike.Keys: repaired, burning, help5. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有把太阳作为（太阳系）的中心，其他星球的运动才讲得通 1）if 引导状语从句表“只有”。 2)only 放在句首用来加强语气。3） 以only引导的短语作状语或状语从句放在句首时，为了加强语气，句子需要部分倒装。 Only by working hard can we succeed.只有通过努力工作，我们才能取得成功1）only 后如果后续的不是状语时句子不倒装，切忌！如：Only with him,she can do it well.她只有和他合作，才能把它做得好。2） 倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种：全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前；部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。Then came the chairman.（全部倒装）Never have I seen such a performance.（部分倒装）1） Only when I left my parents for Italy _ how much I loved them. A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize 2）._ you eat the correct foods _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.A. only if; will you B. Only if; you will C. Unless; will you D. Unless; you will3) 只有以这样的方式你才能取得进步 DA ，Only in this way can you make progress.6He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转 【句型剖析】 with the planets going round it是with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语的结构，在句中作状语。这一结构在句中常作定语或状语，作宾补的可以是介词短语、过去分词、形容词、副词或动词不定式等。【归纳拓展】（1）With + n./p ron. + 介词短语 He sat there with a smile on his face.(2) With + n./pron. + 副词 With Mr Smith away, weve got more room.(3) With + n./pron. + 不定式 With so much work to do, he could not go home.(4) With + n./pron. + 现在分词 The street was quiet with no buses running.(5) With + n./pron. + 过去分词 In came a man with his hands tied back.(6) With + n./pron. + 形容词 He wrote a shirt, with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 注意：with的复合结构可以译为“随着”，因此可以转换为以as引导的状语从句【即学即用】（1）With the sun rising, the day gets hotter._, the day gets hotter.1.(NMET.2000) _ production up by 60 % , the company has had another excellent year. A. As B. ForC. WithD. Through 2. (Beijing. 2004) _two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. A. Besides B. With C. As for D. Because of3. (全国I卷35. 2009)Now that weve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions taken ? A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take 答案：As the sun rises1-3:CBC1.know about了解的情况2.lift up举起;抬起;提升3.steam engine 蒸汽机4.physical characteristic 人体的特征5.put forward a theory about black holes提出一个有关黑洞的理论6. infectious disease传染性的疾病7. in scientific research 在科学研究上8. examine a new scientific idea验证一个新的科学思想9. draw a conclusion得出结论10. analyze the results分析结果11. a well-known doctor 一个著名的医生12. ordinary people百姓;普通人13. expose ()to sth. 暴露(.)在中14. the most deadly disease 最致命的疾病15. terrified people 被吓坏的人们16. get interested in sth./doing sth.对产生兴趣17. absorb sth. into把.吸收入.18. gather the information收集信息 19. determine to do sth. 决心干某事20. a valuable clue一条珍贵的线索 21. the water pump水泵22. in addition (to)除.之外还有23. link to 将和联系起来(be linked to)24. have it delivered (have sth. done) 叫某人送东西25. die of死于26. announce with certainty肯定地宣布27. polluted water被污染的水28. prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人干某事29. deal with处理30. solve the problem解决难题1.come to an end到了尽头2.find the cause of this illness 找出疾病的起因3.look into调查4.apart from除之外;此外 (=except for)5.prepare for 预备好.6.be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求7.a revolutionary theory 一个革命性的理论8.lead to 通向. ;导致 (注意:to为介词)9.make sense有意义10. at times =sometimes有时候11. contribute to sth.有助于;促进12. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事13. point of view观点14. living conditions居住条件15. break in/into pieces 把摔成碎块16. be devoted to sth./sb.专致于.; 关心;挚爱17. devote ones life to doing sth. 献身于.18. curved line 曲线19. achieve great success 取得巨大的成功Exercises一、 用所给词的适当形式填空。1. If he makes these experiments, he will come to the necessary _ (conclude).2. He made a _ (science) report based on his years of observation.3. The _ (paint) is planning an exhibition of her works for the early spring.4. In general, windy days are a _ (character) of March in northern provinces in our country. 1. conclusion 2. scientific 3. painter4. characteristic 5. deadly二、请选择方框中短语的适当形式完成下列句子。put forward; draw a conclusion; link . to; (be) strict with; make sense; expose . to; lead to1. The new road will _ the city _ the countryside.2. After waiting for half an hour, I _ that he wouldnt come at all.3. The theory _ by Einstein was later to prove true, but at that time few people could accept it.4. The parents are always _ their children.5. Hard work _ success and failure often lies in laziness.6. No matter how I tried to read it, the sentence didnt _.7. Dont _ the vegetables _ the sun.Key: 1. link; to 2. drew a conclusion3. put forward 4. strict with 5. leads to 6. make sense 7. expose . to三、完成句子1. 除了这些理由以外，他无话可说了。_ _these reasons, he said nothing.2. 特们将责备你离开他。 They will _ blame you _for leaving her.3. 我们的英语老师对我们要求严格。Our English teacher_ _ _us.4. 因为有许多工作要做，他不能回家。 _ so many work _ _, he could not go home.5让我们一起去听来自北京大学的李教授的演讲Lets _the lecture by professor Li from Beijing University.6. 他的粗心大意的驾驶导致了这起严重的交通事故。His careless driving _ _the serious traffic accident.7. 他捐赠食物和衣服给红十字会。He _ food and clothing _the Red Cross.8. 他在10岁开始学习中文。 He _ _ learning Chinese at the age of ten.1.Apart from 2. blamefor 3. is strict with 4. Withto do 5attend 6. led to 7. contributed to 8. set about四、语法填空I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 31 (break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 should have the honor of receiving me 33 a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 34 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35 small town some 20 kilometres away 36 there was a garage. I had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on m