【人教版高一】unit1 直接引语到间接引语转换 教案.docx

个性化教案【人教版高一】unit1 直接引语到间接引语转换 适用学科高中英语适用年级高一适用区域全国课时时长（分钟）60分钟知识点直接引语到间接引语转换教学目标知识目标：让学生掌握基本的知识点、语法及相关英语学习的方法。能力目标：让学生能够利用所学习的知识，分析出自己的学习方法和技巧。情感目标：书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！教学重点 直接引语到间接引语转换的方法和技巧教学难点当主语和时态不同时对直接引语到间接引语转换的影响教学过程 一、复习预习 Yesterday afternoon, when Liu Jun got home after school, he wanted to do some housework. While he was sweeping the floor, his father came back and 1 him doing it. Later when he was 2 TV, his mother came up and turned 3 the TV and said, You shouldnt waste your 4 . Go to study!In China, more and more families have only one child. Parents only hope that their children can learn their lessons well so as to find a good job in the future. So they wont let their children do 5 at home. In fact, 6 the child has few chances to practice in their daily life, they will not be 7 to prepare themselves for the future. They can not do anything 8 the help of others. So 9 is not good for the children to learn only the knowledge (知识) from books. They have to learn about life. 10 keep themselves in books only!【答案】1. stopped 2. watching 3. off 4. time 5. housework 6. If 7. easy 8.without 9. it 10. Dont【解析】1. stopped。由文章意思可知刘军的爸爸阻止他做家务。stop sb doing sth“阻止某人做某事”是固定用法，故填stopped。2. watching。由文章意思可知刘军正在看电视，因为句子的时态是过去进行时，故填watching。3. off。 由文章意思可知刘军的妈妈关掉了电视。turn off “关闭”是固定词组。4. time。 wast time“浪费时间”。5. housework。do housework“做家务”。6. if。if“如果”，引导条件状语从句。7. easy。由句意可知孩子们在日常生活中基本没有时间锻炼，他们很难为未来做准备。8.without。 without“没有”，由上文知，没有别人的帮助，他们将不肯能自己做事情。9. it。it 在此作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。10. Dont。否定祈使句dont+动词原形。二、知识讲解本单元知识概括 重点单词 1. upset adj. 心烦意乱的，不安的；不适的 vt. (upset, upset) 2. concern v. 担忧; 涉及; 关系到 n. 担心，关注；（利害）关系 3. settle vt. 安家； 定居；停留vt. 使定居，安家；解决 4. suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历 5. disagree vt. 不同意 重点短语 add up合计go through 经历；经受on purpose 故意get along with 与某人 相处；(工作的) 进展in order to 为了 核心句型 1. Mom asked her if (whether) she was very hot with so many clothes on. 2. I dont set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do 3. It was the first time that I had held an art exhibition. 4.I wondered if it was because I was so rude that Mr Smith was angry with me. 语法结构 直接引语到间接引语的转换 主题功能 talk about how to keep with a friend 本单元整体知识预览词汇部分词语辨析1. ignore / neglect / overlook 2. cheat / fool3. calm / quiet / silent / still4. join / join in / take part in / attend词形变化1. ignore vt. 忽视ignorance n. 无知ignorant adj.无知的2. dusk n. 黄昏; 傍晚dusky adj.昏暗的; 黑暗的3. add v. 添加; 增加addition n. 加, 附加additional adj. 添加的;附加的重点单词1. upset adj. 心烦意乱的，不安的；不适的 vt. (upset, upset) 2. concern v. 担忧; 涉及; 关系到 n. 担心，关注；（利害）关系3. settle vt. 安家； 定居；停留vt. 使定居，安家；解决4. suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历5. disagree vt. 不同意重点词组1. add up合计2. go through 经历；经受3. on purpose 故意4. get along with 与某人相处；(工作的) 进展5. in order to 为了重点句子1. Mother asked her if / whether she was very hot with so many clothes on. 2. I dont set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do 3. it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.重点语法直接引语和间接引语本单元语法讲解 直接引语到间接引语 Step 1 引语的定义： 直接引语： 直接引用别人的原话，并在原话前后加引号。（Direct Speech） 【举例】Hesaid:Itistoolate. 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，多数以宾语从句的形式构成。 （Indirect Speech）【举例】Hesaiditwastoolate. Step2 直接引语与间接引语相互转化第一：人称的变化。 有一句顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。1人称代词的变化 当主句的主语是第一人称时，引语中的人称代词不变。 I said, You did quite well in the exam yesterday. I said that you had done quite well in the exam the day before.我说你那天考得不错。 直接引语中主语是第一人称时，在改为间接引语时，其人称与主句中的主语的人称一致。 He said to Tom, Ill do my best to catch up with others. He told Tom that he would do his best to catch up with others. 他告诉汤姆他将尽他所能赶上其他人。 直接引语中主语是第二人称时，在改为间接引语时，其人称和主句的宾语相一致。 He said to her, Where did you put the glasses He asked her where she had put the glasses. 他问她，她把杯子放哪儿了。 直接引语中主语是第三人称时，在改为间接引语时不发生变化。 He said to Tom, She can help them. He told Tom that she could help them. 他告诉汤姆她能够帮助他们。 提示： 如果主句中无宾语，应根据语境或想象，自添适当的宾语；如果直接引语中有呼语，则将其改为间接引语的宾语。 Mother asked, Where have you been Moher asked me where I had been. 母亲问我去哪儿了。 Why are you late again, John the teacher asked. The teacher asked John why he was late again. 老师问约翰为什么他又迟到。2物主代词的变化 You should not overlook your fault, Mum said to me. Mum told me that I should not overlook my fault. 妈妈对我说我不应该忽略我的缺点。 The two boys said, We have lost ur dog. The two boys said they had lost their dog. 这两个男孩说他们的狗丢了。 3指示代词的变化 直接引语中的指示代词 this these 间接引语中的指示代词 that those 【举例】 She said, This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. She said that that wa the house in which Lu Xun had once lived. 她说那是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。 I bought these flowers for you, Jane said. Jane said that she had bought those flowers for me. 简说那些花是她为我买的。 I grow these tomatoes myself, he said. He aid that he grew those tomatoes himself. 他说那些胡萝卜是他自己种的。第二：时态变化 现在时间推移到过去时间 直接引语中的时态 一般现在时 现在完成时 现在进行时 现在完成进行时 间接引语中的时态 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去完成进行时 【举例】 The old man said, I have lived in this street since 1960. The old man said that he had lived in that street since 1960. 那老人说他自从196年起就住在那条街上了。 He said, Is it raining He asked if it was raining. 他问是不是正在下雨。 过去时间推移到过去的过去 直接引语中的时态 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去进行时 间接引语中的时态 过去完成时 过去完成时（不变） 过去完成进行时或不变 【举例】 She said to me, I wrote a letter to my parents three days ago. She told me that she had written a letter to her parents three days before.她告诉我她三天前已给她母亲写了一封信。 What were you doing at seven p.m. yesterday he asked He asked me what I was doing at seven p.m. the day before.他问我前一天晚上七点在干什么。 将来时间推移到过去将来时间 直接引语中的时态 一般将来时 Is /am /are going to do Is/ am /are to do 间接引语中的时态 过去将来时 Was/were/ going to do Was/were/ to do He said, We shall get ready by eight oclock. He said that they should get ready by eight oclock. 他说他们将在8点前准备好。 We are to meet at the school gate, she said to me. Sh told me that they were to meet at the school gate. 她告诉我他们约定在校门口见面。 间接引语中保持原来时态不变 在下列情况下，间接引语中的谓语动词时态可以保持不变。 a. 主句为现在时或将来时，间接引语的时态保持不变。 He thinks, She will be back in a month. He thinks she will be back in a month. 他想她将在一个月后回来。 He says, I have accepted her invitation. He says he has accepted her invitation. 他说他已接受了她的邀请。 比较： 间接引语中的谓语动词时态对比。 Sarah said to me,I have two brothers. 莎莎对我说：“我有两个弟弟。” Sarah told me that she has two brothers. 莎莎告诉我说她有两个弟弟。（说话才认为这情况是真实的） Sarah told me that she had two brothers. 莎拉告诉我说她有两个弟弟。（说话者对此没有什么把握） b. 间接引语表示的是现在的习惯动作、科学真理、客观事实、格言等。 The geography teacher said to the students, The earth moves round the sun. Th geography teacher told the students that the earth moves round the sun. 老师告诉学生地球 围绕太阳转。 He said, Every dog has his day. He said that every dog has his day. 他说是人皆有出头日。 c. 间接引语中动词表示的动作说话时仍在进行或状态仍然存在，时态可保持不变。 He said,The window is brokn. He said that the window is broken.他说玻璃窗碎了。 Just now Brown said, My son is ill today. Brown told me just now that his son is ill today. 布朗刚才告诉我说，他儿子今天病了。 d. 间接引语中有明确的过去时间状语，仍可用一般过去时，不必改为过去完成时。 The girl said, Iwas born in 1978. The girl said that she was born in 1978.那女孩说她生于1978年。 She said, My teacher was busy yesterday. She said that her teacher was busy yesterday. 她说她老师昨天很忙。直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。其规律如下图。 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 不变 将来进行时 过去将来进行时 将来完成时 过去将来完成时 注意： 1.直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一般现在时。 例如：Teachertoldus:Themoonmovesroundtheearth. Teachertoldusthemoonmovesroundtheearth. 2.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语仍用一般过去时。 例如：Shesaid:IwenttoEnglandin1998. ShesaidshewenttoEnglandin1998. 2.主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语时态不变。 Hesays:Iboughtyouabookyesterday. Hesaysthatheboughtmeabookyesterday. 第三：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化 直接引语间接引语 指示代词this that thesethese 时间状语nowthen todaythatday tonight thatnight thisweek/year/term thatweek/year/term twoyearsago twoyearsbefore tomorrow thenext/followingday nextyear thenextyear 地点状语here there 动词 comego bring take 考点/易错点1 祈使句和疑问句的转换 祈使句的间接引语 1直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语往往用复合宾来表示，其结构为主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（动词不定式）。引述动词可根据口气选用tell, ask, order, command, request等词，句中please去掉。 She said to me, Please have a rest. 她对我说：请休息一下。 She asked me to have a rest. 她要求我休息一下。 Dont all answer at once, she said to the pupils. 她对学生说：大家不要齐声回答。 She told the pupils not to answer all at once. 她叫学生不要齐声回答。 2带有let的祈使句（表示请求，建议或命令），可用suggest + -ing形式或suggest +that从句来表示其相应的意思。 Lets go for a walk, said the girl. 那姑娘说，让我们去散散步吧。 The girl suggested going for a walk. 这女孩建议去散散步。 The teacher sai, Let Lily tidy the classroom. 老师说：让莉莉整理教室。 The teacher suggested that Lily should tidy the classroom. 老师建议让莉莉整理教室。感叹句的间接引语 1直接引语是感叹句变为间接引语时，多采用宾语从句结构，既可用what或how引导，也可用that引导。 What a clever boy you are!my teacher said to him. 老师对他说，你是个聪明的孩子啊！ My teacher told him what a clever boy he was. 老师对他说他是一个多聪明的孩子啊。 My teacher told him that he was a very clever boy. 老师说他是一个非常聪明的孩子。 He said, How well you look! 他说：你看起来气色多好啊！ He said how well I looked. 他说我看起来是气色多好啊。 He said that I ooked very well. 他说我看起来气色很好。 2有些感叹句可以根据原句的意思，采用适当的动词变为陈述句，不需用间接宾语来转述。 Help! he cried. 他喊到：救命啊！ He called for help. 他大声呼救。 What terrible weather it is!he said. 他说：多么糟糕的天气！ He complained about the terrible weather. 他抱怨这糟糕的天气。 Happy Chrismas! he said. 他说：圣诞快乐！ He wished me a happy Christmas. 他祝我圣诞快乐。 考点/易错点2 各类疑问句的转换 疑问句的间接引语 1一般疑问句和反意疑问句 一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词if 或 whether，其主句动词常用ask, wonder, wantto know, didnt know等。句末不用问号。 My teacher asked me, Do you like American country music 我老师问我：你喜欢美国乡村音乐吗？ My teacher asked me ifwhether I liked American country music. 我老师问我是否喜欢美国乡村音乐。 You havent been to Beijing, have you asked he. 他问：你没去过北，是吗？ He asked me ifwhether I had been to Beijing. 他问我是否去过北京。 2否定的一般疑问句和选择问句 如果直接引语为否定的一般问句或选择疑问句时，用whetheror 连接。 She said, Dont you know my telephone number 她说：你难道不知道我的电话号码吗？ She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not. 她问我是知道她的电话号码。 Do you like this one or that one Tom asked. 汤姆问：你是喜欢这个还是那个？ Tom asked me whether I liked this one or that one. 汤姆问我是喜欢这个还是那个。 3特殊疑问句 间接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语前仍然用特殊疑问词作为连词引导宾语从句，注意从句必须用陈述语序，主句谓语动词常用ask。 He asked, How do you like it 他问：你觉得怎样？ He asked me how I liked it. 他问我觉得它怎样。 She asked me, Whats the matter with you 她问我：你怎么啦？ She asked me what was the matter with me. 她问我我怎么啦。 How many books do you have she asked. 她问：你有多少本书？ She asked me how many books I had. 她问我有多少本。 4.其它 英语中有些疑问句并非提出疑问，而是表示请求、劝告、建议等。这种疑问句变为间接引语时，往往采用其他的形式。 suggest doing Shall we all go to the film tonight said Michael. 迈克尔说：我们今晚都去看电影，好吗？ Michael suggested going to the film tonight. 迈克尔建议今晚都去看电影。 What about having a drink he asked. 他问：喝杯怎么样？ He suggested having a drink. 他建议喝一杯。 advise sb to do Why dont you go hiking asked James. 詹姆士问：你为什么不徒步旅行？ James advised me to go hiking. 詹姆士建议我去徒步旅行。 . offer to do He said, Would you like me to post the letter 他说：你要我寄信吗？ He offered to ost the letter. 他主动提出寄信。 ask sb to do Will you please bring your reference book here tomorrow she said to me. 她对我说：劳驾你明天把你的参考书带来好吗？ She asked me to take my reference book there the next day. 她让我第二天把我的参考书带去。考点/易错点3 陈述句的转换 陈述句的间接引语 直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句，引述动词通常是say, tell等。与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。 The foreigner aid to me, I like Beijing very much.那老外告诉我：我很喜欢北京。 The foreigner told me that he she liked Beijing very much. 那老外告诉我说他（她）很喜欢北京。 She said,We are very fond of sports. 她说：我们都喜欢体育运动。 She said that they were very fond of sports. 她说他（她）们都喜欢体运动。 Ill go over the grammar lesson once again,he said. 他说：我将把语法课再复习一遍。 He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again. 他说他将要把语法课再复习一遍。（that可省略） 三、例题精析【例题1】 【题干】He said, I am living with my brother. He said that _ was living with his brother. A. I B. you C. he D. they 【答案】C 【解析】由直接引语到间接引语的转换规则可知，当主句主语是第三人称时看主句。【例题2】 【题干】He said, You are sure to get a warm welcome there. He said that we _ sure to get a warm welcome there. A. am B. was C. were D. Are 【答案】C【解析】由直接引语到间接引语的转换规则可知，当主句主语是过去时，从句用过去时的相应时态。【例题3】 【题干】She says, Something is wrong with my bike. She says that something is wrong with _ bike. A. my B.a C. his D. her 【答案】D 【解析】由直接引语到间接引语的转换规则可知，当主句主语是第三人称时看主句。 四、课堂运用【基础】 将下列句子进行直接引语和间接引语的相互转化: (15分,每小题3分)1.“When shall we go outing this autumn?” the students asked.2. The teacher asked Wang Ying why she hadnt gone to school the day before.3.The teacher told the students that they were going to have a meeting at three oclock.4.“There is something wrong with your bike.” Uncle Wang. said to me.5. He said,” I want to visit the Great Wall, and my father will go with me then.” 【巩固】 请在下列空白处填上适当的词语，使句意不变。 1 She said, “Are you from the south?” She asked _ I _ from the south. 2. Mom said to me, “Dont tell a lie.” Mom _ me _ _ tell a lie. 3 Susan said to me, “We visited the Red Star Farm last week.” Susan told me that _ _ _ the Red Star Farm _ _ _. 4 Mr Paul said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” Mr Paul _ us that light _ faster than sound. 5 “Go and post the letters,” the manager said to him. The manager _ him _ _ and post the letters. 【拔高】 单项选择 1. He asked _ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film 3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close 4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _. A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher 5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _- very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was 6. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked. She asked _. A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well. 7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?” He asked me _. A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League member C. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member. 8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _. A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting along C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along 9. He asked me _ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. whats the matter D. what was the matter 10. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again. A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont do C. told me; dont do D. told me; not to do 【基础】【答案】 1.The students asked.when shall they go outing that autumn. 2. The teacher asked Wang Ying ,”why you hadnt gone to school yesterday?”.3.The