托福词汇考频版 List38

preoccupation 音 标 pri kju pei n 词 频 2 preponderance 音 标 pri p nd r ns 词 频 2 preside 音 标 pri zaid 词 频 2 prickly 音 标 prikli 词 频 2 priestess 音 标 pri stes 词 频 2 primacy 音 标 praim si 词 频 2 primal 音 标 praiml 词 频 2 primeval 音 标 prai mi vl List 38 中n 占据思想 全神贯注 心里总想着的事物 英extreme or excessive concern with something 中n 优势 多数 英a superiority in weight power importance or strength 例Although most of these claims are not supported by scientific evidence the preponderance of written material advancing such claims makes it difficult for the general public to separate fact from fiction 译虽然这些说法大都没有科学根据 但是由于多数文章都支持这一说法 使得大众难辨 真伪 中v 主持 任主席 统辖 英to exercise guidance direction or control 中adj 多刺的 棘手的 易生气的 英full of or covered with prickles 例It does not look much like one either Shrubby little oaks clumps of scraggly bushes prickly pear thorns and tangles 译沙漠灌木丛看起也不像这些植物 像灌木一样的小橡树 蓬乱的仙人掌灌木丛 荆棘 丛和海藻 中n 尼姑 女祭司 女神职人员 英a woman authorized to perform the sacred rites of a religion 中n 第一 首位 卓越 英the state of being first 例This account does not alone explain New York s primacy but it does include several important factors 译这个理由不仅解释了纽约的重要性 而且也包括了一些重要因素 中adj 最初的 原始的 主要的 英first in importance 例Humanity s primal efforts to systematize the concepts of size shape and number are usually regarded as the earliest mathematics 译人类将尺寸 形状和数字概念系统化的努力被认为是最早的数学 中adj 原始的 早期的 远古的 英of or relating to the earlist ages 例Perhaps this is primeval heat or heat generated by the continued gravitational 词 频 2 problematic 音 标 pr bl m tik 词 频 2 proclaim 音 标 pr kleim 词 频 2 programme 音 标 pro r m 词 频 2 progression 音 标 pr re n 词 频 2 proportionally 音 标 pr p nli 词 频 2 prostrate 音 标 pr streit 词 频 2 例Perhaps this is primeval heat or heat generated by the continued gravitational contraction of the planet 译这或许是 行星形成时 的原始热量 也可能是持续的引力作用导致行星不断收缩所 产生的热量 中adj 问题的 有疑问的 英posing a problem 中v 宣告 宣布 英to declare publicly typically insistently proudly or defiantly and in either speech or writing 例Advocates of organic foods a term whose meaning varies greatly frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others 译有机食品 一个没有被统一的术语 的支持者们总是声称这类食品比其他食品更 加安全 营养价值也更高 中v 计划 培养 编程 n 方案 程序 规划 英a brief usually printed outline of the order to be followed of the features to be presented and the persons participating 例Host selling involves blending advertisements with regular programming in a way that makes it difficult to distinguish one from the other 译 销售主持人 这种形式将广告和常规的节目安排以某种方式掺杂在一起 这种方式 使观众很难将这两者区分开 中n 过程 进展 英the process of progressing 例Fossil formations like the Burgess Shale show that evolution cannot always be thought of as a slow progression 译像Burgess Shale地层这样的化石层表明进化不应该总被看作是一个缓慢的过程 中adv 按比例地 相应地 英a number or quantity in a proportion 中adj 卧倒的 瓦解的 无能为力的 v 拜倒 倒下 无能为力 英stretched out with face on the ground in adoration or submission completely overcome and lacking vitality will or power to rise 例Immediately adjacent to the timberline the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low lying shrubs herbs and grasses while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants 译苔原紧挨着树带界线 其中长满了低矮灌木 草本植物和草 物种的数量和多样性会 随着 海拔 的升高而下降 直到剩下几乎光秃的土地 上面偶尔会长有苔藓 地衣 和匍匐状垫状植物 proud 音 标 praud 词 频 2 psychoanalyst 音 标 saiko n list 词 频 2 pulp 音 标 p lp 词 频 2 puncture 音 标 p kt r 词 频 2 quasi 音 标 kweisai 词 频 2 quest 音 标 kwest 词 频 2 中adj 骄傲的 英feeling or showing pride 中n 精神分析学家 英a method of analyzing psychic phenomena and treating emotional disorders that involves treatment sessions during which the patient is encouraged to talk freely about personal experiences and especially about early childhood and dreams 例Inspired by observations of imprinting in 1969 the British psychoanalyst John Bowlby applied ethological theory to the understanding of the relationship between an infant and its parents 译受对印随行为的观察的启发 英国心理分析学家John Bowlby在1969年应用行为学理 论去理解婴儿和他们的父母之间的关系 中v 使 成为浆状 n 果肉 纸浆 英To reduce to pulp 例It must be remembered that our common machine made pulp paper is little more than a hundred years old 译必须记住的是 我们普通的机械制造纸浆纸可以保存一百年多一点 中n 刺穿 刺孔 v 刺穿 削弱 英an act of puncturing to pierce with or as if with a pointed instrument or object 例The external surfaces of plants in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes which either prevent feeding by insects or may even puncture and kill insect larvae 译植物表面除了被表皮和蜡质层包裹 还长着被称为毛状体的刺毛 这些刺毛不但可以 阻止昆虫啃食 甚至能刺死幼虫 中adj 类似的 外表的 英having some resemblance usually by possession of certain attributes 例In the multiplicity of small scale local egalitarian or quasi egalitarian organizations for fellowship worship and production that flourished in this laissez faire environment individuals could interact with one another within a community of harmony and ideological equality following their own popularly elected leaders and governing themselves by shared consensus while minimizing distinctions of wealth and power 译在这种自由放任的环境中 为友谊 信奉和生产而建立的各种小规模地方性的平等主 义或者类似平等主义的组织繁荣发展 在这样的组织中 个人能够在一个和谐且思想 平等的团体中与其他人互动 能够追随大众选出的领导 在缩小财富和权利的差距的 同时以一致意见来管理自身 中v 寻找 搜索 n 探索 寻求 英the act or instance of seeking quicksand 音 标 kwiks nd 词 频 2 radiometric 音 标 reidio metrik 词 频 2 ragtime 音 标 r taim 词 频 2 rapport 音 标 r p r 词 频 2 rarity 音 标 rer ti 词 频 2 readership 音 标 ri d r ip 词 频 2 readjust 音 标 ri d st 词 频 2 中n 流沙 陷阱 英sand readily yielding to pressure 例On occasion animals and plants have been preserved after becoming immersed in tar or quicksand trapped in ice or lava flows or engulfed by rapid falls of volcanic ash 译有时 在陷入焦油和流沙 包裹在冰中或岩浆中 或者被急速下降的火山灰吞没之 后 动植物遗体保存了下来 中adj 辐射测量的 辐射度的 英relating to using or measured by a radiometer 例We now know the age of the glaciation accurately from radiometric dating of the carbon 14 in logs buried in the drift 译如今 通过漂流物中碳十四的同位素鉴定 我们可以准确获得冰川的年代 中n 拉格泰姆音乐 繁音拍子 英rhythm characterized by strong syncopation in the melody with a regularly accented accompaniment in stride piano style 例In the twenties jazz became the hottest new thing in dance music much as ragtime had at the turn of the century and as would rhythm and blues in the forties rock in the fifties and disco in the seventies 译在20年代 爵士成为舞曲中最受欢迎的新事物 就像世纪初的拉格泰姆音乐 40年代 的韵律和布鲁斯 50年代的摇滚和70年代的迪斯科一样 中n 关系 亲善 一致 英relationship especially one of mutual trust or emotional affinity 例In small groups we have a better chance to initiate contact and establish rapport with them 译在小型群体中 我们会拥有更好的机会与其他人进行初步接触并且和他们建立密切的 关系 中n 稀有 珍品 稀薄 英the quality state or fact of being rare 中n 某一报刊杂志等的 读者群 读者身份 英the mass or a particular group of readers 中v 重新适应 再调整 英adjust anew 例About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized readjusted to civilian life and reabsorbed by the devastated economy 译交战双方大约有一百五十万的士兵需要退伍安置 回归日常生活 而且要在国内经济 被战争破坏的情况下找到工作 reappear 音 标 ri pir 词 频 2 reburial 音 标 ri beri l 词 频 2 reckless 音 标 rekl s 词 频 2 recognizable 音 标 rek naiz bl 词 频 2 recurrent 音 标 ri k r nt 词 频 2 reddish 音 标 redi 词 频 2 refinery 音 标 ri fain ri 词 频 2 reflectivity 音 标 ri flek tiviti 词 频 2 中v 再出现 英appear again 例The rain seeps underground and the water may reappear later as springs 译雨水渗透到地下 并且 可能在不久之后以泉水的形式再度出现 中adj 再掩埋 英the act of burying again 例After several years of cultivation and harvest the site would be restored at a cost much lower than the price of excavation and reburial the standard practice for remediation of contaminated soils 译经过数年的种植和收割 这片区域将以较低的代价被修复 这个代价远远低于修复被 污染的土壤的常规方法 挖掘和二次填埋的代价 中adj 鲁莽的 不计后果的 英marked by lack of proper caution 中adj 可认识的 可辨别的 英to acknowledge formally 例Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals sometimes easily recognizable as such often distorted into gorgeous weird but always functional shapes 译花柱外包裹着三片花萼和三片花瓣 就这点来说有时很容易辨认 因为花萼和花瓣经 常弯曲成极其奇怪而美丽的形状 不过这种弯曲的形状是有其作用的 中adj 再发生的 周期性的 循环的 英teturning or happening time after time 例The late Cretaceous extinction of the dinosaurs and ammonoids was just one of the more drastic in a whole series of such recurrent extinction episodes 译在这种周期性物种灭绝事件的整个系列里 白垩纪晚期恐龙和菊石的灭绝仅仅是比较 严重的灭绝事件中的一件 中adj 略带红色的 微红的 英tinged with red 中n 精练厂 英a building and equipment for refining or processing 例At a refinery the crude oil from underground is separated into natural gas gasoline kerosene and various oils 译在炼油厂 来自地下的原油被分离成天然气 汽油 煤油等各种油类 中n 反射率 反射性 英the fraction of the total radiant flux incident upon a surface that is reflected and that varies accoding to the wavelength distribution of the incident 词 频 2 refrigeration 音 标 ri frid rei n 词 频 2 reinforce 音 标 ri in f s 词 频 2 relay 音 标 ri lei 词 频 2 reliability 音 标 ri lai biliti 词 频 2 remainder 音 标 ri meind r 词 频 2 remedy 音 标 remidi 词 频 2 remuneration 音 标 ri mju n rei n 词 频 2 radiation 例The contrast in the reflectivity the capability of reflecting light of these two terrains suggested to many early observers that the two terrains might have different compositions and this supposition was confirmed by missions to the Moon such as Surveyor and Apollo 译这两种地形的反射性 反射光线的能力 的对比给许多早期观测者带来了启示 这两种 地形可能含有不同的组成成分 并且一些关于月球的太空任务 比如测量师计划和阿 波罗计划 证实了这种猜想 中n 冷却 冷藏 冷冻 英to make or keep cold or cool 例In the early nineteenth century the knowledge of the physics of heat which was essential to a science of refrigeration was rudimentary 译在19世纪早期 热学的物理知识还很粗浅 而这种知识对制冷科学来说至关重要 中v 增援 支援 英to strengthen by additional assistance material or support 中n 传递 接力赛 英an act of passing something along from one person group or station to another a relay race 例They also provide children with reminders about the memory and relay the message that memories are valued as part of the cultural experience 译他们还唤醒了孩子的记忆 并且转达了记忆被评价为文化体验的一部分的信息 中n 可靠性 英the quality or state of being reliable 中n 剩余物 其余的人 v 廉价出售 英a remaining group part or trace 例They saved the best of the harvest for seeds or for trade with the remainder eaten right away or tored for later use in underground reserves 译他们把收获中最好的 庄稼 用作种子或交易 剩下的立即吃了或弄碎了放在地下用 于储备 中v 治疗 n 英something such as medicine or therapy that relieves pain cures disease or corrects a disorder 中n 报酬 酬劳 赔偿 英something that remunerates 例Members of poor peasant families spun or wove cloth and linens at home for scant remuneration in an attempt to supplement meager family income repay 音 标 ri pei 词 频 2 resentment 音 标 ri zentm nt 词 频 2 resilient 音 标 ri zili nt 词 频 2 resort 音 标 ri z t 词 频 2 respective 音 标 ris pektiv 词 频 2 responsiveness 音 标 ri sp nsivn s 词 频 2 resume 音 标 ri zju m resu mi 词 频 2 译为了补贴家庭收入的不足 贫困的农民通过在家纺织衣料和亚麻制品来换取微薄的报 酬 中v 偿还 报答 英to pay back 例Western Farmers borrowed with the confident expectation that the expanding economy would keep farm prices high thus making it easy to repay loans when they fell due 译西部农民在贷款的时候充满信心地期待经济的发展会使农产品保持较高的价格 从而 使得他们在贷款到期时能轻松地还款 中n 怨恨 愤恨 英a feeling of indignant displeasure or persistent ill will at something regarded as a wrong insult or injury 中adj 适应力强的 有弹力的 英characterized or marked by resilience 中n 求助 凭借 英to have recourse 例While it is pleasant to imagine a woodworker for example carefully matching lumber joining a chest together without resort to nails or glue and applying all thought and energy to carving beautiful designs on the finished piece the time required was not justified unless the customer was willing to pay extra for the quality and few in rural areas were 译尽管设想 一位木匠精心搭配木材 不用任何钉子或胶水来组合一个柜子 将自己所 有的思想和精力都应用于雕刻美丽的完美作品当中 是愉快的 但是 除非顾客想要 为这些品质支付额外的钱 这种情况在乡村是非常少见的 否则这些工作需要的时 间是不够的 中adv 各自的 各个的 英relating to two or more persons or things regarded individually 中n 响应性 反应性 英giving response 例At that point a new stimulus is presented and any recovery dishabituation in responsiveness is recorded 译当 一个新的刺激出现时 任何反应的恢复 习惯化解除 都会被记录下来 中v 恢复 英to assume or take again 例If the irritation is severe enough a sleeping person will arouse clear the airway then resume breathing and likely return to sleep retarded 音 标 ri t rdid 词 频 2 revision 音 标 ri vi n 词 频 2 revive 音 标 ri vaiv 词 频 2 rhetoric 音 标 ret rik 词 频 2 rhyolite 音 标 rai lait 词 频 2 rhythmical 音 标 ri mikl 词 频 2 rigidity 音 标 ri d id ti 词 频 2 译如果刺激足够剧烈 那么睡着的人会醒来清理气管 然后重新开始呼吸 并且可能会 继续睡觉 中adj 智力迟钝的 发展迟缓的 英slow or limited in intellectual or emotional development or academic progress 例The high costs of converting to sound and the early limitations of sound technology were among the factors that suppressed innovations or retarded advancement in these other areas 译声音转化的高成本和早期声音技术的局限性 是抑制其他领域的创新 或者减缓其他 领域的发展的因素 中n 修订本 校订 复习 英an act of revising 中v 使 重生 恢复精神 唤醒 英to restore to consciousness or life 中n 修辞 修辞学 华丽虚饰的语言 英the art of spesking or eriting effectively 中n 流纹岩 表面光滑的火山岩 英a very acid volcanic rock that is the lava form of granite 中adj 有节奏的 有韵律的 英marked by or moving in pronounced thythm 例A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds 译一个与之相似的理论认为戏剧起源于舞蹈 主要是有节奏和动作的舞蹈 或者是模仿 动物动作和声音的舞蹈 中n 坚硬 严格 刻板 英the quality or state of being rigid one that is rigid 例Their seed heads raised just high enough above the ground to catch the wind the plants are no bigger than they need be their stems are hollow and all the rigidity comes from their water content 译蒲公英种子的顶端向上生长 其距离地面的高度刚好可以接触到风 它们的体型大小 也刚好是生长所需的最小尺寸 它们的茎是空心的 而仅仅是通过体内的含水量来保 持自身的硬度 使自己可以直立起来 risky 音 标 riski 词 频 2 riverbank 音 标 riv b k 词 频 2 riverbed 音 标 riv bed 词 频 2 robust 音 标 ro b st 词 频 2 rod 音 标 r d 词 频 2 romanized 音 标 ro m n aiz 词 频 2 rootless 中adj 危险的 冒险的 大胆的 英attended with risk or danger 中n 河堤 河岸 英the bank of a river 例These plants are termed opportunists because they rely on their seeds falling into settings where competing plants have been removed by natural processes such as along an eroding riverbank on landslips or where a tree falls and creates a gap in the forest canopy 译这些植物被定义为 机会主义者 因为它们依赖种子落入到某些环境之中 在这些 环境之中 具备竞争力的植物因为一些自然变化过程而消失 例如被侵蚀的河岸和山 崩滑坡之处 或者树木倒下从而在森林冠层中形成的空隙处 中n 河床 英the channel occupied by a river 例In lowland country almost any spot on the ground may overlie what was once the bed of a river that has since become buried by soil if they are now below the water s upper surface the water table the gravels and sands of the former riverbed and its sandbars will be saturated with groundwater 译在位于低地的国家中 几乎任何地点都有可能是覆盖在曾经的河床上方的地层 后来 河床被土壤所掩埋 如果以前的那些河床和它们的沙堤现在位于地下水位之下 它们 中所含的碎石和沙粒之间一定会充满着地下水 中adj 强健的 稳固的 耐用的 英having or exhibiting strength or vigorous health 中n 杆 竿 棒 英a straight slender stick growing on or cut from a tree or bush 例Backgrounds of gold were made by carefully applying sheets of gold leaf and then embellishing or decorating the gold leaf by punching it with a metal rod on which a pattern had been embossed 译金色的背景由精心加入的金色叶片组成 然后用有凸出图案的金属棒来敲打这些金叶 片来美化它 中v 成为天主教徒 用罗马字体书写 英to convert to Roman Catholicism to write or print in the Latin alpgabet 例The circumstances that had allowed natives to become Romanized also led the self sustaining military community of the frontier area to become effectively British 译这种使得当地人被罗马人同化的情况 同样也使边界地区自给自足的军事社区变得真 正的英国化 中adj 无根的 四海为家的 音 标 ru tl s 词 频 2 roughness 音 标 r fn s 词 频 2 routinely 音 标 ru ti nli 词 频 2 rupture 音 标 r pt r 词 频 2 salad 音 标 s l d 词 频 2 salmon 音 标 s m n 词 频 2 sanction 音 标 s k n 词 频 2 sandwich 音 标 s nwid t 词 频 2 sanitation 音 标 s ni tei n 词 频 2 sanskrit 音 标 s nskrit 英having no roots 例As a result many Americans were an inveterately restless rootless and ambitious people 译结果 很多美国人骨子里就是那种不安于现状 四海为家并且野心勃勃的人 中n 粗糙 崎岖不平 英marked by inequalities ridges or projections on the surface 例One of the most obvious differences between the terrains is the smoothness of the maria in contrast to the roughness of the highlands 译月球高地崎岖不平 而相比之月海比较平坦 这是这两种地形之间最明显的差异之 一 中adv 日常地 通常地 例行公事地 英a regular course of procedure 中n 破裂 断裂 v 使 破裂 英the process of breaking open or bursting 中n 色拉 英any of various usually cold dishes 中n 鲑 大马哈鱼 adj 橙红色的 英A moderate light or strong yellowish pink to a moderate reddish orange or light orange 中n 批准 约束力 v 批准 支持 英Authoritative permission or approval that makes a course of action valid 中n 三明治 英two or more slices of bread or a split roll having a filling in between 中n 公共卫生 卫生设备 下水道设施 英Formulation and application of measures designed to protect public health 中n 梵文 英an ancient Indo Aryan language that is the classical language of India and 音 标 s nskrit 词 频 2 savings 音 标 seivi z 词 频 2 scant 音 标 sk nt 词 频 2 scanty 音 标 sk nti 词 频 2 scarcity 音 标 skers ti 词 频 2 scenario 音 标 s n rio 词 频 2 scramble 音 标 skr mbl 词 频 2 screenings 音 标 skri ni z 词 频 2 scuba of Hinduism 例Mendeleyev designated this element eka aluminum eka is the Sanskrit word for next and predicted its properties 译Mendeleyev将这个元素定义为 类铝 eka这个词在梵语中的意思是 下一 个 而且还预测了它的性质 中n 储蓄 英money saved 中v 减缩 限制 adj 不充分的 不足的 英barely or scarcely sufficient 中adj 缺乏的 不足的 不够的 英limited or less than sufficient in degree quantity or extent 例Adults memories of the next few years also tend to be scanty 译同样 成年人对于三岁之后那几年的记忆往往也很模糊 中n 缺乏 不足 缺少 英the quality or state of being scare 中n 剧本 情节梗概 英an toutine or synopsis of a play 例This scenario begins with the planting of hyper accumulating species in the target area such as an abandoned mine or an irrigation pond contaminated by runoff 译这个方案从在目标区域 比如废弃的矿山 或者被径流污染的灌溉池塘 种植超富集 植物开始 中n 混乱 攀爬 争夺 v 攀爬 混杂 争抢 英an unceremonious scuffle or struggle 例With spontaneous irreverence satire rearranges perspectives scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude 译带着自发的不敬 讽刺 文学 重新排列了观点 将熟悉的对象打乱成不协调的并 列 并且通过一种个人化的风格而不是抽象的陈词滥调来表达 中n 筛屑 筛后残余的物 英the act or process of one that screens 中abbr 水中呼吸器 音 标 skju b 词 频 2 sculptural 音 标 sk lpt r l 词 频 2 seagoing 音 标 si o i 词 频 2 seaward 音 标 si w rd 词 频 2 seaway 音 标 si wei 词 频 2 sectional 音 标 sek nl 词 频 2 selectively 音 标 si lektivli 词 频 2 selfish 音 标 selfi 词 频 2 英an apparatus utilizing a portable supply of compressed gas as air supplied at a regulated pressure and used for breathing while swimming underwater 中adj 雕刻的 雕刻般的 英of or relating to sculpture 例The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited from its colonial predecessors was far from a rich one and in fact in 1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the hands