天津大学07级机械硕士英语期末考试试卷.doc

ENGLISH PROFICIENCY EXAMFOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTSTIANJIN UNIVERSITY (Jan 26, 2007)PART II: Vocabulary Directions: In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.16The minister of education recently promised _ incentive grants to the teachers who intend to reform their teaching methods. A. obviousB. colorfulC. substantialD. resolute17. _ in the book and reference lending should be given to the doctoral candidates who are to finish their dissertations in their last years study. A. PromotionB. PreferenceC. PrecautionD. Priority18. Wealthy people often _ in winter days to warmer sunnier countries. A. motivateB. migrateC. immigrantD. emigrate19. To join a fitness program, _ must be within a certain height and weight range.A. votersB. partnersC. designersD. participants20. Some demographers remain _ about the population growth and stress that population growth is, at any rate in the long term, a good thing. A. subjectiveB. objectiveC. hopelessD. optimistic21. The _ of undergraduate experience should be assessed by the performance of the graduate in the workplace and further education. A. reactionB. impactC. capabilityD. proficiency22. Citizens are now enjoying better dental health, as shown by the declining _ of tooth decay. A. consequenceB. traitC. accidentD. incidence23. The major goal of the tourism department is to _ more people to visit its country at the turn of the century. A. induceB. respectC. reduceD. arouse24. The workers strongly _ their factory director for neglect of duty. A. indicatedB. demonstratedC. announcedD. denounced25. Having shut himself in his study for a while, he went to a movie to _ his mind from his worries. A. relaxB. extractC. attractD. distractPART III. CLOZEDirections: In this part of the test, youll read an incomplete passage with10 blanks. Read the passage carefully, and choose the best answer from choices marked A, B, C and D. Then on your ANSWER SHEET, find the number of the question and mark your answer with a single line through the center.Today it can be said that wheels run America. The four rubber tires of the automobile move American through work and pay: wheels _31_, and people drive off to their jobs; _32_ turn, and people shop for the weeks food at the big supermarket down the highway; hubcaps whirl, _33_ the whole family spends a day at the lake. Each year more wheels crowd the highways as 10 million new cars roll out of the factories. _34_ every six Americans works at assembling cars, driving trucks, _35_ roads, or pumping gas. America without cars? Its _36_.But even though the majority of Americans would find _37_ to imagine what life would be like without a car, _38_ have begun to realize that the automobile is a mixed blessing. Traffic accidents are increasing steadily, and large cities are _39_ by traffic congestion. Worst of all, perhaps, is the air pollution caused by the internal-combustion engine. Every car engine _40_hundreds of gallons of fuel each year and pumps hundreds of pounds of carbon monoxide and other gases into the air. These gases are one _41_ of the smog that hangs over large cities. Some of these gases are poisonous and dangerous to ones health, especially for someone with a _42_ heart or a respiratory disease.One answer to the problem of air pollution is to build a car that _43_ pollute. Thats what several major automobile manufacturers are trying to do.But building a clean car is _44_ said than done. So far, progress has been slow. Another solution is to eliminate car fume altogether by getting rid of the internal-combustion engine. Inventors are now working on turbine-powered cars, as well as on cars powered by steam and _45_. But most of us wont be driving cars run on batteries or boiling water for a while yet. Many auto makers believe that it will take years to develop practical models that are powered by electricity or steam.31.A. moveB. movingC. spinD. spinning32.A. CarsB. WorkersC. PeopleD. Tires33.A. soB. butC. andD. as34.A. AlmostB. AmongC. One inD. One out35.A. buildB. builtC. to buildD. building36.A. unthinkableB. possibleC. predictableD. uncertain37.A. hardB. it hardC. possibleD. it possible38.A. someB. fewC. expertsD. car makers39.A. embarrassedB. plaguedC. panickedD. paralyzed40.A. turnsB. firesC. burnsD. purchases41.A. typeB. resourceC. wayD. source42.A. weakB. kindC. strongD. quick43.A. does notB. preventsC. reducesD. preserves44.A. oftenB. easierC. hardlyD. no more45.A. gasB. electricityC. turbineD. waterPART IV READING COMPREHENSION Passage 1In April 1865, when John Wilkes Booth killed Lincoln at Fords Theatre, the curtain finally fell on a play that had begun almost as soon as the American colonies gained their independence from England. In 1776, Americas Declaration of Independence declared that “all men are created equal”; 44 years later we were wrestling with a question: how can a nation founded on the idea of individual freedom reconcile itself with the existence of human slavery?In 1819, 22 states were in the Union, 11 Free, 11 Slave. The Souths economy was based on the growing of cotton, and cotton was profitable only on the back s of slaves. As new states were admitted to the Union, the South wanted as many as possible to be slave states, not only to support their economy, but to prevent the North from obtaining a majority in Congress and quite possibly changing the Constitution to outlaw slavery completely. The issue came to a head when Missouri applied to be admitted as a slave state. Thomas Jefferson called the debate that began with Missouri “like a fireball in the night, which awakened me and filled me with terror. I considered it at once the knell (丧钟) of the nation.”War was avoided this time as compromise was reached and Missouri would be admitted as a slave state. Maine, the next state admitted to the Union, would be admitted as free, thereby preserving the balance of power in the Congress.By1860，when the new Republican Party nominated Abraham Lincoln for President, compromise would no longer work. Lincoln wanted to contain the spread of slavery. With Lincolns election in November of that year, the South felt that it was only a matter of time before the Southern States lost their slim Democratic Party majority to those who wished to abolish slavery. It was in this same year that John Wilkes Booth said that “So deep is my hatred for such men that I wish I had them in my grasp and I the power to crush.”Equally passionate, Lincoln held that America was the “Last Best Hope on Earth” for freedom. The United States was unique in the family of nations. Of all the nations in the world, only America was governed by her people. Kings, Queens, Princes or Emperors ruled all the old countries, where rights held by the government and given to the people. In America, rights were held by the people and given to the government. The irony was that the Old World had done away with slavery decades before, yet here the United State, beacon of Freedom had human bondage (奴役). Lincoln said it himself, “the nation cannot exist half-slave and half-free, it must be all of one thing or all of the other.”46.We learn from the first paragraph that _ . A. the seeds of the American Civil War were sown when the nation was founded.B. John Wilkes Booth had plotted to kill Lincoln from the moment America gained its independenceC. all men in America obtained equal rights with the Declaration of IndependenceD. John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln at the end of a performance in Fords Theatre.47.The fundamental conflict between the Union and the South lies in _ . A. religious faithsB. political beliefsC. economic interestsD. geographic differences48.It can be inferred from the context of Para. 4 that _ . A. John Wilkes Booth was one of the firebrands of the south B. the Democratic Party was strongly opposed to slaveryC. with the election of Lincoln the South lost its majority in CongressD. the Civil War could have been avoided if Lincoln had not won the election49.What did Lincoln wish to do when he became President of the United States?A. Make compromises. B. Prevent the spread of slavery.C. Strike a balance.D. Get prepared for war.50.In what way was America unique in the family of nations? A. It was the only nation that allowed the existence of slavery.B. It was the only nation that existed half-slave and half-free.C. It was the only nation whose government gave rights to the people.D. It was the only nation whose government was elected by the people.Passage 2Back in 1986, Noble Prize winner David Baltimore authored a paper that said that inserting a special mouse gene into a certain strain of mice caused changes in the host mouses antibodies a finding that promised to be significant for genetic modification of the immune system.A postdoctoral researcher in the lab, Margot OToole, found she was unable to reproduce some of the reported results in her own experimental mice. Her attempts to resolve the problem with her immediate boss, Dr. Thereza Imanishi-Kari, led OToole to suspect defects or errors in the original research and she made her suspicions public.One thing led to another, and in time, OToole found herself in touch with two researchers at the National Institutes of Health (N.I.H.) Ned Feder and Walter Stewart, who had risen to public prominence in the mid-1980s as fraud-busters. These self-appointed watchdogs took up her cause with eagerness, and the nature of her complaints began to shift from claims of shoddiness to accusations of dishonesty and cover-up.Against a background of public anxiety about fraud in science, the case came before an N.I.H. scientific panel. The press began to portray （描绘）the idealistic OToole as a martyr sacrificed by her scientific seniors: it was said, wrongly, that she had lost her job and her home, and had been cold-shouldered by the establishment. The cover letter to a draft report from the N.I.H. committee said Imanishi-Kari was guilty of “serious scientific misconduct” and accused Baltimore of a cover-up. The fact that he had stuck by his co-workers was read as proof of his arrogance and irritation at having his own authority challenged.The crucial time came in 1989 when Representative John Dingell pressed a series of Congressional hearings. A man dedicated to rooting out the misuse of Federal funding, not least by unaccountable scientists, he was handed a gift on a plate when Baltimore lost his cool under questioning, alleging that the investigation represented a threat to scientific freedom and implying that none but scientists had the right to monitor themselves, because they alone could understand how science works. Dingell then launched a humiliation exercise. He brought Secret Service to examine Imanishi-Karis lab notebooks in hopes of uncovering after-the-event tampering. The affair took on the air of a scientific Watergate, and science itself seemed to be on trial.This could not have come at a worse moment for Baltimore: he had just taken up a highly prestigious appointment as president of Rockefeller University. A whispering campaign, probably involving jealousies, forced Baltimores resignation after just 18 months.If the rise and fall of Baltimore seemed to unfold with all the inevitability of a Greek tragedy, there was, after a fashion, a happy ending. Eventually the pendulum (钟摆) of opinion started to swing. Dingell began to be represented as a latter-day Joseph McCarthy. Imanishi-Kari and Baltimore assumed OTooles role of victim, seen as the targets of a new “Galileo trial” or a witch hunt being carried out by the “science police.” When Imanishi-Kari appealed against the findings, a further scientific review board was convened, and she was officially exonerated of (排除嫌疑) fabrication. She got tenure, and in 1997 Baltimore, no longer typed as a conceited bigmouth but praised for his loyalty, was appointed president of the California Institute of Technology.51.The story took place when _ . A. fraud in science was becoming a public concernB. Baltimores honesty as a scientist was being questioned C. there was a growing awareness of the misuse of Federal fundsD. genetic modification food seemed feasible52.In this story, OToole played the role of _ . A. a victim of the witch hunt carried out by Representative John DingellB. an involuntary accomplice （同犯，帮凶）unfairly used by the science policeC. an honest researcher who dared to challenge a Nobel Prize winnerD. a martyr sacrificed by the scientific establishment53.What was the fatal mistake Baltimore made? A. He questioned the right of Congressmen to investigate the case.B. He stood by Imanishi-Kari and tried to cover up her misconduct.C. He played into his opponents hands when he gave OToole the cold shoulder.D. He lost his cool and got irritated when his authority was challenged.54.Judging from the context, Joseph McCarthy was very probably a person who _ . A. was notorious for starting the investigation of Galileos caseB. was a famous character in a Greek tragedy about a witch huntC. used unsupported accusations to obtain his own purposesD. was a man who was suspicious of new scientific discoveries55.It can be inferred from this passage that _ . A. science police plays an important role in eradicating fraud in scienceB. scientists run great risks in advancing new theories about natureC. politicians have got no right to monitor the work of scientistsD. it is sometimes difficult to tell truth from falsehood in sciencePART V TRANSLATION Section ADirections: Read the following passage in English carefully and translate it into Chinese in the spac