有关民俗类词汇总结.docx

有关民俗类词汇总结壁画 mural国画 Chinese traditional painting水墨画 ink and wash painting绢画 silk painting木刻画 wood engraving版画 engraving贝雕画 shell carving painting年画 new year picture2.陶器类 陶器 pottery ware玉器 jade article瓷器 china ware青瓷 celadon青铜器 bronze ware景泰蓝 cloisonn enamel漆器 lacquer ware彩陶 painted pottery唐三彩 trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty3.雕刻类 冰雕 ice carving玉雕 jade carving石雕 stone carving骨雕 bones carving贝雕 shell carving木雕 wood carving根雕 tree root carving瓷器雕 porcelain carving象牙雕 ivory carving4.塑像类 彩塑 painted sculpture画塑 dough figurine泥人儿 clay figure5.扇类 绢扇 silk fan檀香扇 sandal wood fan折扇 folding fan6.宝石类 珍珠 pearl玛瑙 agate珊瑚 coral翡翠 green jade玉 jade7.工艺类 刺绣 embroidery双面秀 two-sided embroidery挂毯 tapestry蜡染 batik藤条制品 wickerwork真丝 pure silk烟嘴 cigarette holder鼻烟壶 snuff bottle图章 seal盆景 potted landscape屏风 screen 二，民俗词汇 轿子 sedans风车 pinwheel杂技 acrobatics魔术 magic 拨浪鼓 shaking drum 竹苗 bamboo flute 皮影 shadow puppet 糖人 sugar-molded 四合院 courtyard homes 踩高跷 stilt walk 武术 martial arts 人力车 rickshaw 宫灯 palace lantern 猜拳 finger-guessing game 说书 monologue story-telling 老字号 time-honored 相声 cross talk 三，传统节日词汇 拜年 pay a new year call 爆竹 firecracker 鞭炮 a string of small fire crackers 大扫除 year-end household 灯谜 lantern riddles 庙会 temple fair 年画 new year s picture 挂年画 to hang out new years picture 年夜饭 family reunion dinner on lunar new year 守岁 to stay awake all night 年糕 glutinous cake for new year 大年初一 the first day of the first lunar month 八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding 对联 poetic couplets 贴春联 to put up antithetical couplets 糊窗花 to put up window paper-cuts 压岁钱 money given to children as a lunar new year gift 四，京剧相关词汇 地方戏：local opera 戏剧脸谱 theatrical mask 生 male characters 旦 female characters 净 painted face characters 末 middle-aged male characters 丑 clown 五，中国古代四大发明 火药 gunpowder 指南针 compass 造纸术 paper-making techniques 印刷术 paper-printing techniques 六，中国特有的事务 武术 martial arts 气功 Qigong 打擂台 to fight a challenge fight in an arena 听评书 to listen to historical or traditional stories 下象棋 to play Chinese chess 练习书法 to make special studies of calligraphy 画国画 to do traditional Chinese painting 题诗 to inscribe a poem 求对 to match an antithetical couplet 元宵节 the Lantern Festival 端午节 the Dragon-Boat Festival 中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day 荔枝节 the Litchi Festival 西瓜节 the Water Melon Festival 风筝节 the1八卦 trigram八正道 Eightfold Path本命年 this animal year of sb.冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.)不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on 禅 dhyana; dhgaya禅宗 Zen Buddhism道 Dao（cf. logo）道 Daoism（Taoism）道 Daosim, the way and its power端午节 Dragon Boat Festival功夫 kungfu ；kung fu还愿 redeem a wish (vows)立春Spring begins.雨水The rains.惊蛰Insects awaken.春分Vernal Equinox清明Clear and bright.谷雨Grain rain.立夏Summer begins.小满Grain buds.芒种Grain in ear.夏至Summer solstice.小暑Slight heat.大暑Great heat.立秋Autumn begins.处暑Stopping the heat.白露White dews.秋分Autumn Equinox.寒露Cold dews.霜降Hoar-frost falls.立冬Winter begins.小雪Light snow.大雪Heavy snow.冬至Winter Solstice.小寒Slight cold.大寒Great cold江湖（世界） the jianghu World （the traits world）矫情 use lame arguments叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel借调 temporarily transfer噱头；掉包袱 gimmick, stunt开放 kaifang （Chinese openness to the outside world）孔子Confucius叩头 kowtow牌楼 pailou；pai-loo泼水节 Water-Splashing Day儒学 Confucianism三纲：君为臣纲，父为子纲，夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded上火 excessive internal heat世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia双喜 double happiness(中)，a doubled stroke of luck(英)四谛 Four Noble Truth四化 Four Modernizations无我 anatman五常：仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德)：the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals五行说 Theory of Five Elements武术 wushu（Chinese Martial Arts）相声 cross-talk小品 witty skits孝顺 to show filial obedience孝子 dutiful son虚无 nothingness宣纸 rice paper衙门 yamen养儿防老：raising sons to support one in ones old age夜猫子 night people; night-owls阴、阳 yin, yang姻缘 yinyuan（prefixed fate of marriage）治则兴，乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline中和 harmony (zhonghe)中庸 the way of medium （cf. Golden Means）终生职业 job-for-life坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation馄饨 wonton锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi)花卷 steamed twisted rolls套餐 set meal盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away米豆腐 rice tofu魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu米粉 rice noodles冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.)火锅 chafing dish八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding粉丝 glass noodles豆腐脑 jellied bean curd节日名 Greeting season春节 The Spring Festival农历 lunar calendar正月 lunar January; the first month by lunar calendar除夕 New Years Eve; eve of lunar New Year初一 the beginning of New Year元宵节 The Lantern Festival习俗 Customs过年 Guo-nian; have the Spring Festival对联 poetic couplet: two successive rhyming lines in poetry春联 Spring Festival couplets剪纸 paper-cuts年画 New Year paintings买年货 special purchases for the Spring Festival ; do Spring Festival shopping敬酒 propose a toast灯笼 lantern: a portable light烟花 fireworks爆竹 firecrackers (People scare off evil spirits and ghosts with the loud pop.)舞狮 lion dance (The lion is believed to be able to dispel evil and bring good luck.)舞龙 dragon dance (to expect good weather and good harvests)戏曲 traditional opera杂耍 variety show; vaudeville灯谜 riddles written on lanterns灯会 exhibit of lanterns守岁 staying-up轿子sedans风车 pinwheel杂技 acrobatics魔术 magic拨浪鼓 shaking drum竹苗 bamboo flute皮影 shadow puppet糖人 sugar-molded四合院 courtyard homes踩高跷 stilt walk武术 martial arts人力车 rickshaw宫灯 palace lantern猜拳 finger-guessing game说书 monologue story-telling老字号 time-honored相声 cross talk拜年 pay New Years call; give New Years greetings; New Years visit禁忌 taboo去晦气 get rid of the ill- fortune祭祖宗 offer sacrifices to ones ancestors压岁钱 gift money; money given to children as a lunar New Year giftCulture Note: In the old days, New Years money was given in the form of one hundred copper coins strung together on a red string and symbolized the hope that one would live to be a hundred years old. Today, money is placed inside red envelopes in denominations considered auspicious and given to represent luck and wealth辞旧岁 bid farewell to the old year扫房 spring cleaning; general house-cleaning祝福语 Blessings金玉满堂 Treasures fill the home生意兴隆 Business flourishes岁岁平安 Peace all year round恭喜发财 Wishing you prosperity和气生财 Harmony brings wealth心想事成 May all your wishes come true吉祥如意 Everything goes well国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace招财进宝 Money and treasures will be plentiful一帆风顺 Wishing you every success步步