英语专题12-人称代词与感叹句.doc

初二英语专题讲义第十二讲 人称代词与感叹句一、人称代词人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit 人称代词主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。例： I am a teacher.You are student.He is a student, too.We/You/They are students. 人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。例： Give it to me.Lets go (lets =let us)二、物主代词人称类别单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs汉语我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的 .形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，作前置定语，+名词前。例： 1) This is my book.这是我的书。2) We love our motherland.我们热爱我们的祖国。 .名词性物主代词起名词的作用。名词性物主代词= 形容词性物主代词+名词 例: 1) Look at the two pencils. The red one is yours and the blue one is mine. = The red one is your pencil and the blue one is my pencil.看那两支铅笔，红的是你的，蓝的是我的。2) He likes my pen. He doesnt like hers. = He doesnt like her pen.他喜欢我的钢笔。不喜欢她的。 名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的-s属格结构。 例如：Jacks cap意为 The cap is Jacks.His cap意为 The cap is his.三、反身代词 人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself, herself, itselfthemselves反身代词的用法: 1、 反身代词不能作主语，但是它可以作主语同位语，放在主语后或句末。:如：我亲自去了电影院。误：Myself went to the cinema.正：I went to the cinema myself. 2、 反身代词可以作宾语的同位语。如：I wish I could hear Beethoven himself play this music.我希望我能听贝多芬他亲自弹这首曲子。You can go and ask him himself.你可以去问他本人。 3、 反身代词可以作介词的宾语。如：Nobody, she learnt it all by herself.没人，她自学的。I mended the bike by myself.我独自修的自行车。She said to herself: ”whats wrong with my eyes?”她自言自语地说，“我的眼睛怎么啦？”Dont always think of yourself.别总是想着你自己。 4、 反身代词作动词的宾语。一般放在像这样的动词的后面：enjoy, help, hurt, teach, wash, look after, get dressed, buy等。如：Did you enjoy yourselves at the weekend? 你们周末玩得开心吗？He teaches himself English at home.他在家自学英语. “Help yourselves to some fish .children。”“ 孩子们，随便吃一些鱼 。” He can buy himself a lot of nice things.他可以给自己买好多好东西。 5、反身代词可以作表语。如：Im not quite myself today. 我今天情绪不好。He doesnt seem himself this morning.今天上午他似乎不舒服。 专项练习一、用适当的人称代词和物主代词填空1. Your football clothes are on the desk. Please put _(they，them，their，theirs) away.2. (We，Us，Our，Ours)_ English teacher is Mrs. Green. We all like _(she，her，hers).3. (I，Me，My，Mine)_ cant get my kite. Could you help _(I，me，my，mine)?4. Tom cant get down from the tree. Can you help _(he，him，his)?5. Her kite is broken. Can _(you，your，yours) mend it?6. We cant find our bikes. Can you help _(we，us，our，ours)?7. These are _(he，him，his) planes. The white ones are _(I，me，mine).二、单项选择。1. My family _ a big family. My family _all here.A. is, is B. are, are C. is, are D. are, is2. This is _.A. a picture of family B. a picture of my family C. a familys pictureD. a family of my picture3. Lets _ good friends.A. be B. are C. is D. am4. Is she your aunt? Yes, _.A. shes B. her is C. she is D. he is5. Are _ coats yours?Yes, they are .A. they B. these C. this D. there6. Is that _ uncle? No, it isntA. he B. she C. her D. hers7. Mrs. Green is _ grandmother.A. Jim and KateB. Jim and Kates C. Jims and KatesD. Jim and Kates8. Do you know the name _Mr. Greens son?A. in B. ofC. on D. or9. _ the great photo of your family.A. thank for B. Thanks forC. Thank for D. thanks for10. Are those your friends? _.A. Yes, theyre B. No, they are C. Yes, they areD. Yes, those are11. Those girls enjoyed _ in the party last night.A. them B. they C. themselves D. herself12. Help _ to some fish, children.A. yourself B. your C. yours D. yourselves13. I like watching _ in the mirror.A. me B. I C. my D. myself四、other, the other, another, others, the others的区别用法代名词形容词单数复数单数复数不定another另一个others别人，其他人another（boy）另一个（男孩）other（boys）其他男孩特定the other另一个the others其余那些人物the other（boy）另一个男孩the other（boys）其余那些男孩：英语中的不定代词：onethe other.,one.another., onethe other., Some.others., some.the others., one after another如:1.课桌上有两只钢笔,一只是莉莉的,一只是露西的. .2.我不喜欢这个,请拿另一个给我看看. :another意思:指三者或三者以上中的另一个,或在原来基础上增加一个。Others ：指除去一部分以后的另一些，但不是指剩下的全部。如：Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking. You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one? -I want another four books.:another(另外的,再一,又一)与the other(另外的一个) 主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用the other,在原先基础上增加用another。如： This is one of your socks. Where is the other one? I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.:others与the others的主要区别：others ：指除去一部分以后的另一些，但不是指剩下的全部。；the others ：则指除去一部分以后的另一些，但是指剩下的全部。如：A few students are playing soccer while others are watching them./ Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.。如：His sister are both teacher。 One is a Chinese teacher，and the other is a maths teacher。如：Remenber not to tell others （other people）my secret。同步练习：1.The man in the shop asked her to pay 300 yuan if she wanted to buy a better one。-She thought it was too expensive.A. another B. the other C. other D. others2.You only have one small bag ,kate.You need to buy for the trip.-That is a good idea . I think I will buy that red one.A. it B. the other C. another D. other3.Mike is taller than any boy student in his class.A. each B. other C. another D. one4.How many more oranges can I have？-You can have one more. are for Tom.A. The others B. Another C. Others D. The other5She asked me not to lend the book to .A.others B.the other C.another D.the others6Miss.White has two children. is a driver ,and is a nurse.A.One : another B.One : the other C.One : other D.One :others五、感叹句的五种常用句式（1）：感叹句用定义：感叹句指的就是用以表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。英语的感叹句通常以how和what开头，其中what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词、副词或动词。根据感叹句的不同结构，我们可以将它归纳为以下句型（其中的“主语+谓语”通常可以省略）：句型一：What +（a/an）+名词+主语+谓语！ What a shame! 真倒霉! What a surprise! 真是没料到的事! What fools they are! 他们多傻啊!What nonsense! 真是胡说八道!注意：如果是单数名词，其前必须要有不定冠词；如果是不可数名词或复数名词，则其前不用不定冠词。由于第一、二句中的shame和surprise均为可数名词，其前面用了不定冠词；而第三句中的fools为复数名词，所以其前不用不定冠词；第四句中的nonsense是不可数名词，所以其前不用不定冠词。句型二：What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！ What a fine day! 多好的天气呀!What a slow train this is! 这列火车开得多慢呀!What clever boys they are! 他们是多么聪明的孩子啊！What beautiful weather we have! 天气真好! 注意：如果是单数名词，其前必须要有不定冠词；如果是不可数名词或复数名词，则其前不用不定冠词。由于第一、二句中的shame和surprise均为可数名词，其前面用了不定冠词；而第三句中的boys为复数名词，所以其前不用不定冠词；第四句中的weather是不可数名词，所以其前不用不定冠词。句型三：How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！How nice! 多好呀! How well she plays! 她演奏得多么好啊! How beautiful the city is! 这座城市多么美丽！句型四：How +形容词+ a +单数可数名词+主语+谓语！How tall a boy he is! 他是一个多高的孩子啊! How interesting a story it is! 这是个多有趣的故事啊！注意：这类结构中的名词必须是单数可数名词，不能是复数名词，也不能是不可数名词，且名词前的不定冠词不能省略。句型五：How +主语+谓语！How he worked! 他多么肯干啊! How I missed you! 我多么想念你啊! How he wished for a drink! 他多希望能有点东西喝!这类感叹句可为how的面省略了一个不言而喻的副词。如第一句可视为在how之后省略了副词hard，第二、三句可视为在how之后省略了副词much。（同步练习：1. Lilei runs！ A .What fast boy B. What fast .C. How fast D.How a fast2. wonderful time we had！A.How B. What a C. What D. How a3. strong wind！A. How B. What C. What a D. How a4. sunny day！Lets go out for a walk。A.How B. How a C. What a D. What5.I miss you very much。 I want to see you！A. How B. How an C. What an D. What综合练习：1.Have you brought with you？ We wont have to come back.-Dont worryAsomething B.anything C.nothing D.everything2.We have five kinds of