动词时态教案.doc

英语教研组 第 页教 学 内 容动词时态教学重、难点1.动词的四种形式2.不规则动词表3.动词的八种时态的用法教 学 过 程一、动词的基本形式：英语动词共有五种基本形式,即动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。1.动词的基本构成及形式：形式构成例词动词原形词典中一般给出的形式be, have, come, do第三人称单数形式在动词原形后+ srunruns, likelikes以ch, sh, s, x, o结尾的动词后+ esteachteaches, washwashes,gogoes, passpasses以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，改y为i再+ estrytries, studystudieshavehas现在分词在动词原形后+ ingreadreading以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e再+ ingwritewriting, havehaving以重读闭音节结尾的词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写此字母后再+ ingswimswimming, digdigging少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y再+ ingdiedying, lielying过去式与过去分词(规则变化)在动词原形后+ edworkworked以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，改y为i再+ edcarrycarried, studystudied以重读闭音节结尾的词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写此字母后再+ edstopstopped, planplanned说明：词尾ed在清辅音后读/t/;在浊辅音和元音后读/d/;在/t/和/d/后读/ d/.词尾es或s在/s/,/z/,/t /,/d /后读/ z/;在清辅音后读/s/;在浊辅音及元音后读/z/;在/t/,/d/后读/ts/, /dz/.2.不规则动词的过去式和过去分词：原型过去式过去分词原型过去式过去分词1.AAA型costcostcostputputputcutcutcutreadreadredreadredhithithitsetsetsethurthurthurtshutshutshutletletlethurthurthurt2.AAB型beatbeatbeaten3.ABA型becomebecamebecomerunranruncomecamecome原型过去式过去分词原型过去式过去分词4.ABB型(1)原型后加d或t:burnburntburntmeanmeantmeanthearheardheardspoilspoiltspoiltlearnlearntlearnt(2)原型改d为tbuildbuiltbuiltsendsentsentlendlentlentspendspentspent(3)其他bringbroughtbroughtmeetmetmetbuyboughtboughtpaypaidpaidcatchcaughtcaughtsaysaidsaiddigdugdugsellsoldsoldfeelfeltfeltshineshone (shined)shone (shined)fightfoughtfoughtsitsatsatfindfoundfoundsleepsleptsleptgetgotgotsmellsmelt (smelled)smelt (smelled)hanghung (hanged)hung (hanged)spillspiltspilthave,hashadhadspitspatspathidehidhid (hidden)standstoodstoodholdheldheldsweepsweptsweptkeepkeptkeptteachtaughttaughtlaylaidlaidtelltoldtoldleaveleftleftthinkthoughtthoughtloselostlostunderstandunderstoodunderstoodmakemademadewinwonwon5.ABC型(1)原型后加n或en:blowblewblownmistakemistookmistakendrawdrewdrawnrideroderiddendrivedrovedrivenriseroseriseneatateeatenseesawseenfallfellfallenshowshowedshown原型过去式过去分词原型过去式过去分词givegavegiventaketooktakengrowgrewgrownthrowthrewthrownknowknewknownwritewrotewriten(2)过去式后加n或enbreakbrokebrokensinksunk (sank)sunken (sunk)choosechosechosenspeakspokespokenforgetforgotforgottenwakewokewokenfreezefrozefrozen(3)改i为a(过去式）和u（过去分词)beginbeganbegunsingsangsungdrinkdrankdrunkswimswamswumringrangrung(4)其他be (am,is)wasbeengowentgonebe (are)werebeenlielaylaindodiddonewearworewornflyflewflown二、动词的时态：在英语中,由于谓语动词发生的时间不同,或表达不同时间存在的状态,谓语动词都要发生相应的变化,这些动词的形式就叫做动词的时态.英语共有16种时态,初中阶段学习9种.现以动词do为例,将这9种时态构成列表如下：一般进行完成完成进行现在一般现在时：do does现在进行时：am/is/are doing 现在完成时：has/have done现在完成进行时：has/have been doing过去一般过去时：did过去进行时：was/were doing过去完成时：had done(初三学)将来一般将来时：am/is/are going to do will/shall do过去将来过去将来时：was/were going to do would/should do1.一般现在时：(1)构成：动词原形 动词第三人称单数形式(2)形式：be动词：肯定句：主语am/is/are表语(n./pron./adj.)eg：I am/Im a student. You are/Youre a student. He is/Hes/She is/Shes a student. It is/Its an apple. We are/Were/You are/Youre/They are/Theyre students. They are/Theyre mine. It is/Its rainy.否定句：主语am/is/arenot表语(n./pron./adj.)eg：I am not/Im not a student. You are not/Youre not/You arent a student. He is not/Hes not/He isnt a student. She is not/Shes not/She isnt a student. It is not/Its not/It isnt an apple. We are not/Were not/We arent students. They are not/Theyre not/They arent students. They are not/Theyre not/They arent mine. It is not/Its not/It isnt rainy.疑问句：Am/Is/Are主语表语(n./pron./adj.)eg：Am I a student? Are you a student? Is he/she a student? Is it an apple? Are we/you/they students? Are they yours? Is it rainy?其它动词： 肯定句：主语动词原形/第三人称单数形式(宾语)(状语) eg：I/You/We/You/They study English every day. He/She studies English every day. It rains every day. 否定句：主语dont/doesnt(第三人称单数)动词原形(宾语)(状语)eg：I/You/We/You/They dont study English every day. He/She doesnt study English every day. It doesnt rain every day.疑问句：Do/Does主语动词原形(宾语)(状语)eg：Do I/You/We/You/They study English every day? Does he/she study English every day? Does it rain every day?(3)用法：表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态 eg：I go to school every day except Sunday.除了星期日,我每天都上学。(动作)There are 50 students in our class.我们班上有50名学生。(状态) 表示一种客观事实或普遍真理 (注：无论在什么情况下,都用一般现在时,包括在宾语从句中) eg：The earth is round.地球是圆的。 The teacher said the sun is bigger than the earth.老师说太阳比地球大。 表示主语的性格、能力、兴趣等心理状态和情感的动词,往往用一般现在时(了解)eg：She likes basketball games.她喜欢篮球比赛。(兴趣) I want a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。(心理状态) 在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作, “主将从现”关键词：if, when, as soon as等 eg：As soon as I get there, Ill call you up.我一到那就打电话给你。 I dont know if he will come tomorrow. If he comes, I will tell you.我不知道明天他是否会来。如果他来了，我会告诉你。I dont know when he will come tomorrow. When he comes, I will tell you.我不知道明天他什么时候会来。当他来的时候，我会告诉你。(4)时间状语(标志)：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, on Sundays/Mondays/, every morning/afternoon/day/week/minute/second/Sunday/Monday练习：1.My father is very busy. He _(go) to work early every morning.2.If he _ harder, he will catch up with (赶上) us soon. A. study B. studies C. will study D. studied3. Mother told me the moon_(go)around the earth.2.一般过去时：(1)构成：动词的过去式(2)形式：be动词： 肯定句：主语was/were表语 eg：I/He/She/It was there. We/You/They were there. 否定句：主语was/werenot表语 eg：I/He/She/It was not there. We/You/They were not there. 疑问句：Was/Were主语表语 eg：Was I/he/she/it there? Were we/you/they there?其它动词：肯定句：主语动词的过去式(宾语)(状语) eg：I/You/He/She/We/You/They worked there. It rained yesterday. 否定句：主语did not/didnt动词原形(宾语)(状语) eg：I/You/He/She/We/You/They did not/didnt work there. It did not/didnt rain yesterday. 疑问句：Did主语动词原形(宾语)(状语) eg：Did I/you/he/she/we/you/they work there? Did it rain yesterday?(3)用法：表示在过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态eg：He went to Beijing yesterday morning.他昨天早上去北京了。(动作)There were 1000 students in our school last year.我们学校去年有1000名学生。(状态) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 eg：Mary got up too late, and didnt have enough time for breakfast.玛丽起得太迟了,都没有足够的时间吃早饭。 有些表示主语心理状态的词,用一般过去时时,要注意其含义(了解)eg：I didnt know you were in Paris.我本不知道你在巴黎。(因为我在说话时,已经知道你在巴黎了.这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示.实际上这句话暗指：But now I know you are in Paris.) eg：I thought you were ill.我还以为你病了呢。(但现在我知道你没病)(4)时间状语：yesterday, the day before yesterday, ago, just now, the other day(前几天), once upon a time(从前), in the old days(在过去的日子里), in 1980, when I was seven, Last night/week/year/Sunday/Monday, 练习：1. Jack _(begin) to write a book about his journey last week.2. On April 18th 2004, our country _ two man-made satellites(人造卫星) into space. A. was sent up(发射) B. sent up C. has sent up D. sends up3. It _ that they had no change at the moment. A. seemed B. was seemed C. seem D. is seemed3.现在进行时：(1)构成：am/is/are动词的现在分词(doing形式)(2)形式：肯定句：主语am/is/are现在分词(宾语)(状语) eg：I am/Im working now. You are/Youre working now. He/She is working now. It is raining now. We/You/They are working now. (缩写形式略,以下同) 否定句：主语am/is/arenot现在分词(宾语)(状语) eg：Im not working now. Youre not working now. He/She is not working now. It is not raining now.We/You/They are not working now. 疑问句：Am/Is/Are主语现在分词(宾语)(状语) eg：Am I working now? Are you working now? Is he/she working now? Is it raining now?Are we/you/they working now?(3)用法：表示此时此刻(说话时)正在进行的动作eg：Who is the teacher waiting for?老师在等谁？ The teacher is waiting for her husband.老师在等她丈夫。 表示在现阶段正在进行的动作,但不一定说话时动作正在进行eg：Were getting ready for the exam these days.这些天我们在为考试做准备。eg：I am reading English at home from five to six every morning.我每天早晨5点到6点在家里读英语。 有些表示位置移动的动词的现在进行时,表示将来即将发生的动作。如：go, come, leave, arrive, start, begin, move, stay, die等eg：He is coming.他就要来了。 We are going to Qingdao next week.下星期我们要去青岛。“am/is/arealways+现在分词”结构,表示经常性或习惯性的动作,带有强烈的感情色彩,或赞扬、喜爱,或讨厌、厌烦。(初三学) eg：Youre always getting ready for helping others.你总是时刻准备着帮助别人。(赞扬) She is always eating in class.他总是在班上吃东西。(厌烦)(4)时间状语：now, at the moment, at this time, Look!, Listen!, 多数情况要根据上下文确定 eg： Where is my father? He is cleaning the car.练习：1. Look! The men _(dance) with their wives. 2. I cant find my pen. Can I use yours? Sorry, I _ it now.A. am using B. was using C. have used D. using3. Next term Mr. Li_(leave) for Shanghai .4.过去进行时：(1)构成：was/were动词的现在分词(doing形式)(2)形式：肯定句：主语was/were现在分词(宾语)(状语) eg：I/He/She was writing a letter at home at seven yesterday evening. You/We/You/They were having an English class at this time of yesterday. It was raining at this time of yesterday. 否定句：主语was/werenot现在分词(宾语)(状语) eg：I/He/She was not writing a letter at home at seven yesterday evening. You/We/You/They were not having an English class at this time of yesterday. It was not raining at this time of yesterday.疑问句：Was/Were主语现在分词(宾语)(状语) eg：Was I/he/she writing a letter at home at seven yesterday evening? Were you/we/you/they having an English class at this time of yesterday? Was it raining at this time of yesterday?(3)用法：表示过去某个时刻或过去一段时间正在进行的动作。eg：They were playing basketball at four oclock yesterday afternoon.昨天下午四点他们在打篮球。(某个时刻)We were working from seven to eleven last night.我们昨天晚上从七点工作到十一点。(一段时间)It was raining all day yesterday.昨天下了以整天雨。(一段时间) when/while引导的时间状语从句也可以表示一个动作发生的时候，另一个动作正在发生。(注：此时,习惯上,while后接过去进行时,when后接一般过去时)eg：He was watching TV when I came home yesterday evening.昨天晚上我回家时,他在家里看电视。eg：While we were talking, the teacher came in.我们谈话时,老师进来了。(4)时间状语：then, at that time/moment, at this time of yesterday, at 7:00 yesterday, when, while, the whole afternoon yesterday, 多数情况要根据上下文确定练习：1.I didnt see you at the meeting yesterday, why? I _ for a long distance (距离) call then from my daughter in Canada.A. waited B. have waited C. was waiting D. will wait 2.John fell asleep _ he was listening to the music.A. after B. before C. while D. as soon as3.I _(watch) a football match from six to eight yesterday.5.一般将来时：(1)构成：will/shall动词原形 am/is/are going to动词原形(2)形式：will/shall形式：肯定句：主语will/shall动词原形(宾语)(状语) eg：I shall/I will/Ill/We shall/We will/Well go there. You will/Youll/He will/Hell/She will/Shell/You will/Youll/They will/Theyll go there. It will/Itll rain tomorrow. 否定句：主语will/shallnot动词原形(宾语)(状语)：注意缩写形式 eg：I shall not/I shant/I will not/Ill not/I wont go there.We shall not/We shant /We will not/Well not/We wont go there. You will not/Youll not/You wont go there.He will not/Hell not/He wont/She will not/Shell not/She wont go there. It will not/Itll not/It wont rain tomorrow. 疑问句：Will/Shall主语动词原形(宾语)(状语) eg：Shall/Will I/we go there? Will you/he/she/you/they go there? Will it rain tomorrow?am/is/are going to形式：与现在进行时类似肯定句：主语am/is/are going to动词原形(宾语)(状语) eg：I am/Im going to learn English next term. You are/Youre going to learn English next term. He/She is going to learn English next term. It is going to rain. We/You/They are going to learn English next term. (缩写形式略,以下同) 否定句：主语am/is/arenotgoing to动词原形(宾语)(状语) eg：Im not going to learn English next term. You arent going to learn English next term. He/She is not going to learn English next term. It is not going to rain.We/You/They are not going to learn English next term. 疑问句：Am/Is/Are主语going to动词原形(宾语)(状语) eg：Am I going to learn English next term? Are you going to learn English next term? Is he/she going to learn English next term? Is it going to rain?Are we/you/they going to learn English next term? (3)用法：表示将要发生的动作行为或存在的状态。eg：Ill go and see her on Friday.我星期五去看他(动作) Ill be back at 7:30 this evening.我今晚七点半回来。(状态) 表示将来经常发生的动作。eg：From now on Ill get up early every morning.从今以后,我每天早晨早起。 “am/is/are going to”结构,表示打算好一定要做的事或根据迹象或预报肯定要发生的事。 eg：He is going to be eighteen years old next year.他明年十八岁。 eg：Look at the clouds! Its going to rain.看那些云!就要下雨了。(迹象)注意将来时态中的there be句型,要用动词原形be. eg：There will be more people in the future.将来回会有更多的人。 eg：There wont be a dance this weekend.本周末没有舞会。 eg：There is going to be less pollution in 100 years.一百年后会有更少的污染。 (4)时间状语：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in时间段, in the future, soon, this morning/afternoon/Sunday/Monday, if/when he comesnext week/year/minute/second/Sunday/Monday,练习：1.Jimmy is leaving for a holiday. Really? Where _ he _?A. has; gone B. will; go C. did; go D. does; go 2. Whats your plan for the coming holiday? I _ (visit) Beijing if possible.3._ there _ a report(报告) by an old teacher this afternoon? A. Will; have B. Will; be C. Is; have D. Is; be6.过去将来时：(1)构成：would/should动词原形 was/were going to动词原形(2)形式：would/should形式：肯定句：主语would/should动词原形(宾语)(状语) eg：He said I would/I should/we should/ we would go there. He said you/he /she/you/they would go there. He said it would rain tomorrow. 否定句：主语would/shouldnot动词原形(宾语)(状语)：注意缩写形式 eg：He said I should not/I shouldnt/I would not/Id not/I wouldnt go there.He said we should not/we shouldnt /we would not/wed not/we wouldnt go there. He said you would not/youd not/you wouldnt go there.He said he would not/hed not/he wouldnt/she would not/shed not/she wouldnt go there. He said it would not/itd not/it wouldnt rain tomorrow. 疑问句：would/should主语动词原形(宾语)(状语) eg：Would/Should l I/we go there? Would you/he/she/you/they go there? Would it rain tomorrow?was/were going to形式：与现在进行时类似肯定句：主语am/is/are going to动词原形(宾语)(状语) eg：He said I/ he/she was going to learn English the next term. He said you/ we/you/they were going to learn English the next term. He said it was going to rain. 否定句：主语am/is/arenotgoing to动词原形(宾语)(状语) eg：He said I/ he/she was not/wasnt going to learn English the next term. He said you/we/you/they were not/werent going to learn English the next term. He said it was not going to rain.疑问句：Was/Were主语going to动词原形(宾语)(状语) eg：Was I/he/she going to learn English next term? Were you/we/you/they going to learn English next term? Was it going to rain?(3)用法：表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的事情,即当时还没有发生,而现在又过去了的事情。常出现在宾语从句中。eg：They said they would go to visit the second factory.他们说他们将要去参观第二工厂。eg：He said that he was going to try.他说他准备试试。 注：“would/should动词原形”结构有时并不表示过去将来时,而表示“情态动词动词原形”。 eg：Would you please open the window?请把窗子打开好吗？(表示一种客气的请求) I should study harder.我应该更努力学习。(should表示“应该”)(4)时间状语：因为常出现在宾语从句中,所以没有特定的时间状语,可以结合一般将来时来分析练习：1. My classmates said that they _ (give) their help to me if I had difficulties. 2. He _ me he _ an interesting book tomorrow. A. tellwould borrow B. told would borrow C. tellwill borrow D. told had borrowed3. Grandma said she would tell me a story when she _. A. has time B. had time C. would have time D. would has time7.现在完成时：(1)构成：have/has动词的过去分词(2)形式：肯定句：主语have/has过去分词(宾语)(状语) eg：I have/Ive/You have/Youve/We have/Weve/You have/Youve/They have/Theyve done it.He has/Hes/She has/Shes done it. It has/Its been a long time since I met you. 注：区别hes=he has和hes=he is,如果hes后是动词的过去分词,则hes=he has.eg：Its been raining for a long time.=It has been raining for a long time. Its an apple.=It is an apple. 否定句：主语have/hasnot过去分词(宾语)(状语) eg：I have not/Ive not/I havent done it.You have not/Youve not/You havent done it.We have not/Weve not/We havent done it.They have not/Theyve not/They havent done it.He has not/Hes not/He hasnt/She has not/Shes not/She hasnt done it. It has not/Its not/It hasnt been a long time since I met you.疑问句：Have/Has主语过去分词(宾语)(状语) eg：Have I/you/we/you/they done it?Has he/she done it? Has it been a long time since I met you?(3)用法：表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态,对现在仍有影响。eg：She has been ill for three days.她已经病了3天了。(影响：她现在身体很不好) He has studied English for three years.他已经学了3年英语了。(影响：他现在会一点英语) 表示过去已经开始,持续到现在并还可能继续下去的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用。(注：此时的谓语动词多是延续性动词)eg：Ive known Li Lei for three years.我认识李雷三年了。eg：They have lived there since 1996.自1996年以来他们就住在这了。eg：Weve known each other since we were children.我们从小就认识。注：for一段时间；since一段时间ago过去的时间点从句：从句的谓语动词用一般过去时 对for/since短语提问,要用how longeg：Shes been there for over two years. How long has she been there? Shes been there since over two years ago. How long has she been there? 表示曾经经历的事情或表示同一动作发生了多次。 eg：She has never been to Egypt before.以前我从没去过埃及。I have been to Beijing twice/three times.我去过北京两次/三次。 终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词)：如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等，表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成，不