人教版高中英语选修八unit5 词汇讲解.doc

1、dateback to 英det 美det 追溯到常见用法：1 动词+advance the date提前日期bear the date注明日期break the date不遵守约定bring forward the date提前日期 2 形容词+closing date截止日期early date早期fixed date固定的日期future date将来的日期3.介词+from that date从那时起on a certain date在某一日期out of date过时的to date到目前为止例句：All the objects are from the same excavation site in Sanxingdui and can be dated back to between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago.所有的物品都来自于三星堆的一个挖掘点，时间可以追溯到3000到5000年前。date back todate from因追溯是从现在算起指向过去，所以这个短语常用一般现在时。This custom dates back to the 16th century.这风俗起源于16世纪。This is an old building dating back to/dating from the 16th century.这是一栋追溯至16世纪的古老建筑物。练习：1.英译汉My interest in stamp collecting dates back to/from my schooldays.2.Every day a number of tourists take pictures in front of the tower，which _ as early as 800 years ago.Adates back to Bis dated backCdates back from Dwas dated from答案：1.我从学生时代就开始爱好集邮。2.选A。短语date back to 相当于date from，意为“追溯到，始于”。两者通常与过去的时间状语连用，但多用于一般现在时，且一般不用于被动语态。句意：每天都有许多游客在这座可追溯到800年前的塔前拍照。2、assume 英sjum 美sum v假定；设想；假装；承担 常见用法：1 用作动词 (v.)+名词assume a leading position担任领导职务assume a look of surprise装出吃惊的样子assume the right夺取权力2 +副词assume baselessly毫无根据地认为assume falsely错误地认为assume groundlessly毫无根据地认为assume hastily匆忙地认为3 assume that 认为 例句：So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves，regardless of the cold.因此我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。(牛津P104)It is reasonable to assume that the economy will continue to improve.认为经济继续好转是有道理的。(牛津P104)Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.咱们暂时假设计划成功。(牛津P104)It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为，紧张是工作过重所致。Assuming that the proposal is accepted，when are we going to get the money?假定这个建议被采纳，我们什么时候能拿到钱？练习：1.英译汉A lot of people make the assumption that poverty only exists in the Third World.2.We all can go out for a picnic this afternoon_that the others agree.Ato assumeBassumedCassume Dassuming答案：1.许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。2.选D。assuming that.“假定”。类似表达有：providing/supposing (that).。 3、interrupt英ntrpt 美ntrpt v.打断；打扰；中断；阻碍n.计算机中断常见用法：1 +名词interrupt the path阻断道路interrupt sbs speech打断某人讲话interrupt traffic中断交通interrupt the view遮住视线2 +副词interrupt abruptly突然地打断interrupt constantly不时地打断interrupt earnestly认真地打断interrupt frequently频繁地打断3 +介词be interrupted by被打断阻断interrupt sb in his talk打断某人的话interrupt with打断例句：(牛津P1069)Sorry to interrupt，but there is someone to see you.对不起打扰一下，有人要见你。(牛津P1069)They were interrupted by a knock at the door.他们被敲门声打断了。Its bad manners to interrupt others when they are talking.打断别人谈话是没礼貌的。Lets go somewhere where we can talk without interruption.我们去找个说话不受打扰的地方吧练习：1.英译汉Im sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here?2._ _ _ _ _ _ _(打断别人是没有礼貌的)while they are having a conversation.答案：1.对不起，打断了你的讲话，请问他们怎么能够住在这个地方呢？2.It is bad manners to interrupt others 4、significance 英snfkns 美snfkns n意义；意思；重要性；重要意义 常见用法：1 介词+in its true significance在真正意义上a matter of significance重大事情2形容词+commercialhistorical significance商业历史意义greatlittle significance重大无关紧要的事practical significance现实意义 3 动词+acquireattain significance获得更广泛的意义attach significance to赋予以意义explain significance说明意义realize the full significance of认识到的全部意义例句：(牛津P1866)The new drug has great significance for the treatment of the disease.这种新药对于这种病的治疗有重大意义。(牛津P1866)She couldnt grasp the full significance of what he had said.她未能充分领会他那番话的意思。Their change of plan is strange but I dont think its significant.他们改变了计划十分奇怪，但我觉得没什么意义。His university was aware of the significance of his work.他所在的大学知道他的工作的重要性。练习：1.英译汉It is a matter of great significance.2.Only later_ _ _ _ _ _(我们意识到真正意义)of his remark.答案：1.这是一个非常重要的问题。2.did we realize the true significance5、arrest 英rest 美rest n逮捕；拘留 vt.逮捕；吸引 常见用法：1 +名词arrest sbs attention引起某人的注意arrest the bandit逮捕匪徒arrest sbs eye惹人注目2 +副词arrest abruptly突然逮捕arrest arbitrarily任意逮捕arrest capriciously任意逮捕3 +介词arrest for high treason因叛国罪逮捕arrest on a charge of指控犯罪而逮捕arrest on suspicion作为嫌疑犯逮捕例句：(牛津P92)A man has been arrested in connection with the robbery.一名男子因与这桩抢劫案有关已被逮捕。(牛津P92)You could get arrested for doing that.你干那种事可能要遭逮捕。Fifteen persons were under arrest because of the serious violence.由于暴乱十五人被捕。The beautiful sunset arrested our attention，and we stopped to watch it.美丽的日落吸引了我们的注意力，我们停下来观看。练习：1.英译汉She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.2.It is reported that the agent was_for carrying a false passport.AarrestedBaccusedCcharged Dsuspected答案：1.快到目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她停下来，不往前走了。 2.选A。句意：据报道那个代理商因使用假护照而被捕。be arrested for因被逮捕；be accused of因被指控；be charged with被控告；be suspected of被怀疑。6、regardless ofri:dlis不管；不顾(侧重指不计后果和代价) 常见用法：1 regardless of expense不考虑费用2 regardless of the consequence不顾后果3 易混辨析regardless of，despite，in spite of(1)regardless of.强调不认为重要，从而不加以重视或考虑，而despite和in spite of有“尽管但是”之意。(2)regardless of 后可接whether，what引导的从句，而in spite of和despite后不可接从句。例句：(牛津P1671)The club welcomes all new members regardless of age.俱乐部对所有新成员不分年龄一律欢迎。He says what he thinks，regardless of other peoples feelings.他怎么想就怎么说，不考虑别人的感受。(2009年高考上海卷)Despite the high mountains and thick forests，the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident for the rescue.尽管山高林密，医护人员还是迅速地赶到出事地点，实施援救。练习：1.英译汉All our proposals were rejected regardless of their value.2.(2009年高考江苏卷)This special school accepts all disabled students，_educational level and background.Aaccording toBregardless ofCin addition to Din terms of答案：1.我们所有的建议都遭到拒绝不管它们的价值如何。2.选B。句意：这所特殊学校接受所有有残疾的孩子，不管其教育水平和背景如何。regardless“不管，无论”，符合题意。according to“根据”；in addition to“除之外”；in terms of“从方面来说”。 7、alternative :lt:ntivn. 可能的选择 adj. 供选择的；其他的 常见用法：1 用作形容词 (adj.)+名词alternative press非正统性报业alternative theater另类剧2 用作名词 (n.)动词+adopt the alternative采取选择face with two alternatives面临两种选择find an alternative找到可供选择的办法propose an alternative提出一种选择办法3 形容词+other alternatives其他办法practicable alternatives可行的选择several alternatives好几个选择对象viable alternatives可行的选择例句：C