一般过去时于现在完成时的区别讲解与练习.doc

一般过去时与现在完成时的区别讲解与习题（一）一般过去时态和现在完成时态的概念一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动词或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作常与yesterday、 yesterday afternoon、last year、in 1965、 a moment ago 等表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：He came here yesterday.现在完成时表示过去的动作（或状态）对现在产生的影响和结果例如：He has broken his bottle.(二）一般过去时态和现在完成时的区别：）现在完成时是表示过去的动作与现在的联系，主要说明的是现在的情况和状态；而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现在不发生联系。例如：We havent seen him since last year. (我们自从去年以来一直未见到他（现在还未见到）We didnt see him last year. 我们去年没见到他（现在不一定未见到）现在完成时表示从过去发生一直持续到现在（包括现在）的某个动作或状态，与现在有关的时间状语连用，一般过去时表示过去某一特定（与现在无关）的时间，与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：He has lived here since he was born .自他出生以来一直居住在这儿。（since 自从以来与现在有关，说明还居住在这儿。）Liumei went to see her grandmother last night . 刘梅昨晚去看了他外婆。（只说明昨晚）（三）值得注意几个问题：）动作发生在过去，一直持续到说话的时候，并且还在延续时，要用现在完成时。例如：We have studied English for two years (我们学英语两年了）指过去的经历，但没有表示过去的时间状语，要用现在完成时。例如：I have been to Shanghai twice . 我曾去过上海两次）以When开头的特殊疑问句，要用一般过去时。例如：When did you lose your pen ? 你什么时候丢了钢笔？）just (刚刚）与现在完成时连用，just now (刚才）与一般过去时连用。例如：The train has just gone. 火车刚刚离开。The train left here just now. 火车是刚才离开。）since 作介词，后面跟时间名词一起作状语时，句子要用现在完成时；since 作连词，引导状语从句时，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。He has worked in this factory since 1996.I have known him since he was a child.6 ） so far 、in the last / past 与现在完成时连用。例如 ：So far, many countries have sent up satellites into space. In the last 30 years , our lives have changed a lot.四、学习现在完成时应注意的三个区别1）延续性动词与短暂性动词的区别2）since 和 for 的区别。3）have / has gone to 、 have / has been to 、have / has been in 的区别。五、延续性动词和短暂性动词转换归纳。A、leave been away from buyhave borrowkeep diebe dead get upbe up put onbe on come / get backbe back go to townbe in townlosebe missing catch a coldhave a cold closebe closed / not open openbe open fall ill / asleep be ill / asleep begin /startbe on get /receive a letter fromhave a letter fromB、come to be here / there arrive in （at）/ get to / reachbe here / there join the army-be in the army/ be a soldier join the League-be in the League / be a league memberExercise：一 、Choose the right answers.( )1 .If my father _here now, he _tell me what to do. A were ,would B were, will C had ,will D is, will( ) 2 、If I _ a bee ,I _work much harder. A were ,would B were ,shall C had, will D have ,should( ) 3 、If I _much money , I _buy a new house. A have ,will B were ,shall C had ,would D have ,should( ) 4 、He _ learn more quickly if he _ harder. A will ,work B would ,worked C would ,work D will ,worked( ) 5、If I_ you ,I _ _ do that . A was, would B were ,wouldnt C am ,wont D were ,wont( ) 6 、If I_ ten years younger ,I_ very happy. A. were ,would be B. am ,shall be C. were ,shall be D. am ,would be( ) 7 、-You can ask your brother for help. - He is not at home .If he _ , I _.A is ,would B. is, will C. were ,would D. were ,will( ) 8 、If she _ a man ,she would run for president. A. was B .were C. is D. are( ) 9 、What would you do if you won _ dollars? A two millions B million of C. two million D. two million of( ) 10、If you were more friendly to people, you would _ friends. A. to have more B. have more C. has less D .to has less二、Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.1、Tom has got up for half an hour.2 、Liu Mei has joined the League for three years.3、The train has reached the station since 10 minutes ago.4、The little girl has fallen asleep for four hours.5、When have you cleaned the classroom? Its clean now.6、How long have you caught a cold?7、She has got ten letters from her mother since last week.三、Fill the blanks with the correct words.1. I _ (be) busy these days. I _ (not go) to the cinema for weeks.2. How many units _ you _ (learn) so far?3. Lily with her parents _(go) to Sanya . They will be back in five days.4. Nobody _(dive) in our class before.5. Alice _(make) several friends since she _ (come) to China.6. _ your brother_(drive) a horse before?7. They _(stay) in the park during the past three hours.模拟试题第一节 单项选择(共10小题,每题1分,满分为10分)16. -You dont look well. Whats wrong with you , Mary? - Last night I was busy with my history report and didnt go to bed _ 12 oclock. A. when B. until C. as D. while17. -Im sorry, Kate. I _your dictionary for such a long time. - Never mind, Tom. A. have lent B. have borrowed C. have taken D. have kept 18. These Germans want to have some _ for supper, so they decided to catch _now. A. fish, many B. fishes, much C. fish, much D. fishes, many19. -We have five kinds of schoolbags. Which one do you like?- _ of them. I think they are too small.A. None B. Neither C. Either D. All20. - How is he getting on with his spoken English? - Great. Now he can speak English _ his English teacher. A. as good as B. as better than C. so well as D. as well as21. Shall I tell Sally about it? No, you _. Ive told her already.A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. cant22. -Is the meeting-room _ to hold 200 people? - Dont worry. It can hold more than 250 people. A. big enough B. bigger enough C. enough big D. enough bigger23. Could you please tell us _ in Shanghai ? A. when will you visit the World Expo B. when you will visit the World Expo C. when the World Expo will you visit D. when the World Expo you wi